Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria. Bacteriophages are obligate intracellular parasites. Bacteriophages are infections, which are a hereditary matter pressed inside a protein layer. A few infections contain a little lipid (fat) or hints of different substances. Infections are not cells. They are little particles that increase just inside living cells. Phages can't reproduce or engender outside their host cell, phages are not helpless to anti-infection agents, phages are omnipresent, phages are the most plenteous life-structure on earth, phages can get by in pretty much any environment, and they can be discovered both inside and outside bacterial cells. There are two fundamental sorts of phage life cycles: lytic (virulent) and lysogenic. A lytic phage lysozymes or breaks cell wall bonds, destroys host cell, it cleaves the sugar bond between peptidoglycan sugar that leads the sugar to lose its integrity and raptures. A lysogenic phage forms prophage; DNA becomes to the overall chromosomal normal material and …show more content…
Infections are past the cutoff points of determination of the light magnifying lens and can be seen just with electron magnifying lens. Luckily, we can utilize a method very much alike to the state tallying strategy used to gauge the quantity of microbes to tally phage particles, known as the plaque test. Lytic phages are listed by this strategy. The plaque examine is initially a virological measure utilized to tally and measure the infectivity level of the bacteriophages. At the same time later, it was connected to quantify and consider the mammalian infections well. This test is the most broadly utilized system for the disengagement of infection and its filtration, and to advance the viral titers. The premise of plaque measure is to gauge the capacity of a solitary irresistible infection to structure a "plaque" on a simultaneous monolayer society
They can be found anywhere and identifying them becomes crucial to understanding their characteristics and their effects on other living things, especially humans. Biochemical testing helps us identify the microorganism present with great accuracy. The tests used in this experiment are rudimentary but are fundamental starting points for tests used in medical labs and helps students attain a better understanding of how tests are conducted in a real lab setting. The first step in this process is to use gram-staining technique to narrow down the unknown bacteria into one of the two big domains; gram-negative and gram-positive. Once the gram type is identified, biochemical tests are conducted to narrow down the specific bacterial species.
The results of the gram stain test were cocci and purple. This indicated that the unknown bacteria were gram positive. The gram stain test eliminated Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica as choices because these bacteria are gram negative. Next a Blood Agar plate was used because in order to do a MSA or a Catalase test there needs to be a colony of the bacteria. The result of the Blood Agar plate was nonhemolytic.
Trabelsi, H., Dendana, F., Sellami, A., Sellami, H., Cheikhrouhou, F., Neji, S., … Ayadi, A. (2012). Pathogenic
Bloodborne pathogens are viruses that deteriorate cells within the body. A virus is a submicroscopic parasitic organism that feeds on cells. Viruses are dependent on cells for their nutrients so the virus survive and reproduce. Every virus consists of either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). A virus can contain a strand of one or the other, but not both. This RNA or DNA is contained within a protein shell for protection. A virus is a parasite that is dependent upon cells for metabolic and reproductive requirements. By using the cell the virus makes the host very ill by redirecting cellular activity to make more viruses.
Disease and parasitism play a pervasive role in all life. Many of these diseases start with microparasites, which are characterized by their ability to reproduce directly within an individual host. They are also characterized by their small size, short duration of infection, and the production of an immune response in infected and recovered individuals. Microparasites which damage hosts in the course of their association are recognized as pathogens. The level of the interaction and the extent of the resultant damage depends on both the virulence of the pathogen, as well as the host defenses. If the pathogen can overcome the host defenses, the host will be damaged and may not survive. If on the other hand the host defenses overcome the pathogen, the microparasite may fail to establish itself within the host and die.
Viruses are the simplest and tiniest of microbes, and are made up of proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids. The nucleic acids contain the genetic code that helps them grow and reproduce, but only once they find their way into a living organism. Viruses themselves are not considered living organisms because they don’t have cells, they don’t metabolize nutrients, produce and excrete wastes, and they can’t move around on their own. The remains of the nucleic acid then forms a covering, called the capsid. Once the capsid gets removed, viruses use the building materials of th...
One thing that must be noted is that contrary to popular belief, infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc. are not desig...
This chain of infection develops when each link connects to the other. That means it must link up together in order to be infectious diseases. However, the breaking away of any of the link will mean that, transmission of infection is stopped. On the other hand, breaking of any chain can stop the transmission
Murray, Patrick R., Ken S. Rosenthal and Michael A. Pfaller. Medical Microbiology, 6th Edition. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2009.
Pathogenic bacteria initially intrigued me last year, when I created an award-winning analysis on phage-host specificity. Exploring antibiotic resistance inspired me to harness phages as antidotes to bacterial infections. I became curious about drug resistance in mycobacteria while annotating the genome of a phage that may infect M. tuberculosis. To that end, I aspire to develop novel treatments for infectious diseases throughout my academic and professional careers. My desire to become a biomedical scientist has empowered me to apply for the Wadsworth Center Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program.
Dental plaque is the combination of bacteria embedded in a matrix of salivary proteins and bacterial products superimposed on the acquired pellicle (Berkovitz, et al., 2011). It is an example of a biofilm, a term used to describe relatively undefinable microbial community associated with a tooth surface or any other hard, non-shedding material (Reddy, 2008). Plaque can also be described as
on the composition of their cell wall. These two types are called Gram-positive and Gramnegative.
Bacteria are found nearly everywhere within the body and most types are harmless or even helpful to bodily function (Novitt-Moreno). While it is important to have these bacteria in the body, pathogenic invaders can cause serious illnesses. Pathogenic bacteria work by either actually attacking a part of the victim’s body or releasing toxic waste products into the body. Bacteria are single-celled and contain all of the cellular mechanisms needed to live, grow, and reproduce (Novitt-Moreno). That means, when treating a bacterial infection, it is critical to have a highly specific antibiotic that can destroy the unwanted
How can we better treat this viral disease to stop it now and to prevent it in the future?
Public health can be defined as the approach to medicine that is concerned with the health of the community as a whole. It is about protecting and improving the health of families and communities through promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease, injury prevention, detection, and control of infectious diseases. Many factors contribute to a long life, including demographics, socioeconomics, genetics, environment, and behaviors. It is important to assess these factors when attempting to increase life expectancy and improve health status, because positive health practices result in higher life expectancies and better health.