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introduction of essay russian civil war
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Why the Bolsheviks Won the Civil War
The Russian Civil War raged from 1918 until the start of 1921. During
this time the Bolsheviks faced massive opposition to their rule in the
form of the White Armies, led by the former officers of the Tsarist
state, and also from intervention by the forces of foreign countries.
The Bolsheviks were surrounded, and often outnumbered by their
opponents, and had no experienced military commanders. At times,
their situation seemed hopeless. Yet, by the start of 1921, the
Bolsheviks had defeated their enemies and gained a complete victory.
The establishment of Communism in Russia went ahead unchallenged.
During the Civil War the Bolsheviks had a number of key advantages
over their opponents. The leaders of the Red Army were a very
important factor to the Reds victory, the Bolsheviks were extremely
fortunate in the quality of their leadership, particularly in Lenin
and Trotsky. Lenin had led the Bolsheviks to victory in the October
Revolution and throughout the Civil War, he provided the energy and
drive needed to inspire success. At all times he had very definite
aims and objectives and a sense of purpose about what he believed was
best for Russia, his leadership was never challenged. Trotsky became
Commissar for War in the Bolshevik Government. A brilliant organiser
and improviser, Trotsky created the Red Army from the Red Guards (the
Bolshevik workers militias) and from the remnants of the old Tsarist
army. Trotsky imposed a very tough system of discipline and control
over the Red Army. Officers found guilty of cowardice or treachery
were executed. However, men who showed initiative and c...
... middle of paper ...
...d torture and execution. Inevitably, the Whites became hated and
feared because of this. Inevitably, Bolshevik propaganda homed in on
this. Given the choice between the Bolsheviks or the Whites, it was
hardly surprising that Bolshevik support increased dramatically.
These factors became major reasons which coagulated to become a cause
of the Bolsheviks winning the Russian Civil War.
By The end of the civil war in 1921, the Bolsheviks had succeeded in
securing their grip on power in Russia. The White Armies and the
foreign powers fighting on Russian soil had been defeated. Just as
importantly, rival political parties had been outlawed and, thanks to
the CHEKA secret police, dissenting voices permanently silenced.
Lenin had achieved his ultimate goal of steering his small Bolshevik
party to total control of Russia.
The Civil War, beginning in 1861 and ending in 1865, was a notorious event in American history for many influential reasons. Among them was the war 's conclusive role in determining a united or divided American nation, its efforts to successfully abolish the slavery institution and bring victory to the northern states. This Civil War was first inspired by the unsettling differences that divided the northern and southern states over the power that resided in the hands of the national government to constrain slavery from taking place within the territories. There was only one victor in the Civil War. Due to the lack of resources, plethora of weaknesses, and disorganized leadership the Southern States possessed in comparison to the Northern States,
In February of 1917 a group of female factory workers and led a revolt in which the Tsar was dethroned, only to be replaced by a provisionary government composed of the Russian elite. When this government did not live up to its promises of an end to Russian involvement in World War I, the Bolsheviks (“majority”), a revolutionary movement led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the provisionary government in what bacame known as the October revolution.
Understanding the role Bolsheviks play in affecting Britain's soldiers and citizens during World War One first requires background information on both Russian interests and Russia's relationship to Germany. Russia entered World War One after Germany declared war against Russia due to an alliance system between Germany and Austria. The Russians had little success in repelling the Germans, illustrated by the disaster at Tannenberg where more than 30,000 Russians soldiers died (Sherow). Germany subsequently made large gains into Russian territories. Tsar Nicholas II had no choice but to abdicate the throne in March 1917, allowing the Bolsheviks to take power (Sherow). It is very important to note that the Germans allowed "prominent Bolsheviks like Lenin and Trotsky" to pass by rail through their country "to start a revolution and knock Russia out of the war" (Simpson). Due to the Bolshevik revolution not completely coming from a democratic mandate from the people, Britain shows extreme suspicion towards Russian motives henceforth.
Why the North Won the Civil War, edited by David Herbert Donald, is a short collection of six essays. Each essay argues from a different perspective as to why the Confederate States of America could not defeat the Union in the American Civil War. The factors considered for Confederate defeat include: economics, military strategy, diplomacy, ideology, and politics. In the end, the most convincing argument is given by Richard N. Current regarding economics.
Trotsky played a key role in the Bolshevik party, encouraging revolution, which saw the Bolsheviks gain power in 1917. He built up a strong Red Army during the civil war, used to ensure the survival of the Bolshevik government and was seen by many as the most likely candidate to take over as leader after Lenin’s death, showing the significance he was held in by Russians. However, evidence suggests that after Lenin’s death he lost his a considerable amount of power, eventually being exiled from the Communist party. In the short-term it is clear that Trotsky had a huge significance in the development of Russia, shown clearly through both his letters and documents, and the opinions of those close to Trotsky. The significance is obvious through his role in the build up to the October Revolution, his negotiations with Germany through the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, his contribution to Bolshevik success in the civil war and his attitude towards terror and his failure to out maneuver Stalin to succeed Lenin.
Military policy and tactics are a major contributing factor to what ultimately wins or loses a war. In a war in which two sides of a single country are fighting each other, one can only imagine the difficulties in conceiving the proper strategies to win a war of such nature. Both Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis found themselves facing this unfathomable situation at the infancy of the American Civil War. The role of Commander in Chief is undoubtedly an important one, but it is made paramount during wartime. Although both certainly performed admirably, the Northern Union ultimately beat the Southern Confederacy. There are many reasons for this victory, but having the competent and determined Lincoln at the helm had a tremendous
In 1905 , Russia had a prerevolution that was put down of the Czar. Instead of learning from this prerevolution, Czar Nicholas II, made a very big mistake by in not introducing some reforms to correct the problems. So because of his actions, the situation grew worse. In 1917, the Russians were fighting in World War I. A good majority of the Russian people were weary and uncontent with the way the war was going and with the Czar's rule. This uncontent along with economic hardships caused riots and demonstrations to break out. The Czar called for the army to put down the revolution as they did in 1905. But the army joined the revolt and the Czar was kicked out of power soon afterwards. A temporary government was set up to decide on what kind of government Russia was gonna set up. Two political parties were set up. The Bolsheviks were one of the two. The leader of the Bolshevik party was a man named Lenin. Lenin was a firm believer of the theories and ideas of Karl Marx. So with his slogan of "Bread, Peace and Land", Lenin gained the support of the peasants and gained control of Russia and setup a communist state.
The Civil War marked a defining moment in United States history. Long simmering sectional tensions reached critical when eleven slaveholding states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. Political disagreement gave way to war as the Confederates insisted they had the right to leave the Union, while the loyal states refused to allow them to go. Four years of fighting claimed almost 1.5 million casualties, resulting in a Union victory. Even though the North won the war, they did a horrible job in trying to win the peace, or in other words, the Reconstruction era. Rather than eliminating slavery in the South, the Southerners had a new form of slavery, which was run by a new set of codes called "Black Codes”. With the help of President Johnson, the South continued their plantations, in essence becoming exactly what they were before the war. Overall, the South won Reconstruction because in the end they got slavery (without the name), they got an easy pass back into the Union, and things reverted back to the way they had been prior the war.
The last chapter of the book was the best part of Brands' work. He states that the Americans won the Cold War over the USSR. However the true reason being that the USSR basically just wasn’t working anymore so it broke up and then America basically took credit for it and said that they won. Brands stated that American views were spreading nationwide such as TV shows and how Americans dressed and how they acted. It was even spreading to Russia itself which could have been one reason why communism eventually failed
"If wars are won by riches, there can be no question why the North eventually prevailed." The North was better equipped than the South, with the resources necessary to be successful in a long term war like the Civil War was, which was fought from 1861 1865. Prior, and during the Civil war, the North's economy was always stronger than the South's, boasting of resources that the Confederacy had no means of attaining. Compared to the South, The North had more factories available for production of war supplies and larger amounts of land for growing crops. Its population was several times of the South's, which was a potential source for military enlistees. Although the South had better naval leadership and commanders, such as Robert E. Lee and "Stonewall" Jackson, they lacked the number of factories and industries to produce needed war materials. Therefore, the North won the American Civil War due to the strength of their industrialized economy, rather than their commanders and strategies.
Why did the southern states believe they could win the civil war? The southern states, known as the Confederacy were very confident going into this war that they could successfully defend their rights' and their way of life. They had many reasons for being so confident. First, the southern leaders were sure the north was not going to have a full-scale military conflict. They thought that a compromise and peace agreement could be reached after a short period of fighting. Second, the south was going to fight a defensive war. Third, the southern lifestyle made them familiar with firearms and horseback riding. Therefore they would be better soldiers than the northerners. Fourth, the south had a great source of wealth in its cotton exports and felt they would be able to fund the war. Last, the south thought that France and Britain would come to its aid. The south didn't want to defeat the north they wanted a compromise. Therefore, the north would not have the authority to govern them. The south did not have to win the war, it just had to keep the north from winning. On March 7, 1861 Jefferson Davis selected John Forsyth, A. B. Roman, and Martin J. Crawford to represent the Confederacy in a meeting with Lincoln's administration. Not trying two overpower anyone, the Confederate leaders said they simply wanted to be left alone. The Confederates thought to defend its region from being taken over and to keep its armies from destruction they would have to fight a very well planned out defensive war. The Confederate armies did not have to invade the north to win that kind of war. They need only to endure long enough to force the north to the decision that th...
The Civil War that took place in the United States from 1861 to 1865 could have easily swung either way at several points during the conflict. There is however several reasons that the North would emerge victorious from this bloody war that pit brother against brother. Some of the main contributing factors are superior industrial capabilities, more efficient logistical support, greater naval power, and a largely lopsided population in favor of the Union. Also one of the advantages the Union had was that of an experienced government, an advantage that very well might have been one of the greatest contributing factors to their success. There are many reasons factors that lead to the North's victory, and each of these elements in and amongst themselves was extremely vital to the effectiveness of the Northern military forces. Had any one of these factors not been in place the outcome of the war could have been significantly different, and the United States as we know it today could be quite a different place to live.
The Similarities of Tsarist and Communist Rule in Russia Both forms of government did depend on high degree of central control. However, some Tsars and Stalin exerted more central controls than others. Stalin’s stronger use of central control created differences between the two forms of government. The Tsars used different levels of central control.
Over the next few years, Russia went through a traumatic time of civil war and turmoil. The Bolsheviks’ Red Army fought the white army of farmers, etc. against Lenin and his ways. Lenin and the Bolsheviks won and began to wean Russia of non-conforming parties eventually banning all non-communist as well as removing an assembly elected shortly after the Bolshevik’s gain of power. Lenin’s strict government, however, was about to get a lot stricter with his death in 1924.
When the Industrial Revolution began, the Union had just triumphed over the Confederacy in the Civil War. The symbolism of this war shows the economic transformation of an agricultural market to an industrial one. This was considered to be a defining moment in the United States’ revolution towards machinery that was once considered to be one hundred years behind other developed countries at the time. An outcome of this endeavour is the slow process that allowed the U.S. to become a world superpower later on. The causes of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. was the Agricultural Revolution, immigration, and the invention of the steam engine.