c) End of sufferings by Nirvana :-Nirvana is changeless and transcendent state free from sufferings .
Buddha asked people to seek an end of sufferings by Nirvana . Nirvana is a state of mind on earth and it is controlled by the causes and conditions of the world of phenomena .Nirvana is a mental event ..Nirvana is not the Ultimate Reality hidden behind the universe .
There can not be any supreme happiness after death as consciousness does not exists after the death of a man . People say that no man can be happy till he is dead .
Misconception can not be removed by uttering mantras and making prayers as there is no link between the spiritual realm and phenomenal realm . Misconception can only be removed by following the path of knowledge
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1 ) We can accept that fanatics are ignorant people . Jesus Christ said :” Father , forgive them for they do not know what they are doing”. The fanatic muslims kill the idolaters , christians , jews and shiites with a belief that by killing them a great service will be done to Allah and Allah will become pleased with them .
Socrates also said that wrongdoing is due to ignorance . Buddhism tell us that sufferings are due to our ignorance about the true nature of things that is , an ignorance of dharma and 4 Noble Truths .Sufferings are also due to a spiritual ignorance .
Sankara said that an end of ignorance is possible .
2 ) The world is not perfect . Nature is good as well as evil . Evil is approved by Nature .The holy Koran says that there is not a single flaw in the world created by God .. Physical and moral evils are created by nature
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Wrongdoing is due to a lack of force or strength of the will . People fully know that smoking , drinking , rape , prostitution are evils and still they enjoy these evils .Smoking , drinking and other evils are due to a weakness of character . The aim of moral education is to create a strength of the will .
Nietzsche also laid the blame on the lack of the strength of the will .
The strength of will is created by making prayers to God . There is no God in buddhism .
Buddhism repeatedly says that sufferings are due to avidya( ignorance ) . Evil is regarded as good by the wicked people and good is regarded by them as evil . Crimes are appreciated by the elders of the families of criminals . However , all the criminals fully know that stealing , rape and other crimes are bad . Knowing good and doing bad was a puzzle for Socrates .
Buddhism tell us to bring an end to suffering by seeking a liberation from the cycle of birth and death .
Buddhism also tell us to seek an end of sufferings by an end of maya (illusion) .
The decline of buddhism took place due to the atheistic nature of buddhism .Buddhism has survived due to a deification of buddha . God buddha is different from historical buddha .
By learning from the Dharma, understanding The Four Noble Truths, three jewels, living by the five precepts, and following the eightfold path will assist to the completed path of enlightenment. Nirvana, which means to extinguish or unbind, is when a Buddhist has reached a state in which he has gained knowledge and freedom from what ever has bound him from reaching nirvana. Whether it be passion, desire, jealousy, egotism, or ignorance. When nirvana has been reached then there will be complete release from the samsara and karmic cycles.
“In the West, we think of each human life as solid and discrete, beginning at conception and ending at death. The Buddhist view is of waves appearing and disappearing endlessly on a great ocean of life energy. When cause and effect combine in a certain way, a wave arises, appearing...
Epithets of nirvana in Buddhism include "the free," "the immortal," and "the unconditioned." Nirvana is attainable in life, and the death. of one who has attained it is termed parinirvana, or complete nirvana.
Similar to Hinduism, the cycle of rebirth is undesirable and life is marked by suffering in Buddhism (p.177). Suffering is referred to as dukkha and Buddhism seeks to end suffering through nirvana.While techniques vary, Buddhists share common core beliefs. Suffering is the problem and nirvana is seen as the
of the liberation cannot be realized. Nirvana is the ultimate goal, but the enlightenment is also a
From its origins in India to its expansion North to Tibet and East through China and eventually Japan, Buddhism has undergone many changes. These changes are usually evidenced in its iconography, and somewhat in popular practice, but the essential tenets remain unchanged. One of these tenets is "Dukkha" or the idea of inescapable human suffering. The kinds and origins of dukkha are as varied as the regional practices of Buddhism itself, ranging from the ancient and very symbolic, to the modern and very pragmatic. Explanations of dukkha, no matter from what ideology they come, offer an interesting insight into one religions standpoint on human suffering.
Buddhism teaches that humans have a repetitive cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth. Each reincarnated life is decided into a better, worse, or a similar life, depending upon the person's Karma. The goal is to escape from this cycle and reach Nirvana, and once this is attained, the mind is free from suffering. Buddhism teaches a lesson through its followers in order to make them fully understand that one lives for a reason, which is to eliminate all their desires. Document 6 it quotes,
Throughout the history of humankind, man has always searched to find answers to the many existential questions. Numerous different religions and denominations have developed around the world over time. Though, most wonder about the origin and purpose of our existence. Buddhism was founded on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama about 2,600 years ago in India. After he had experienced that everyone was subject to “birth, sickness, death, and old age”, he tried to find a way to break from the cycle of rebirth (Bloom). Siddhartha Gautama experimented with a number of methods to find the cause of suffering which led him to what he called the Middle Way – a path between “licentiousness and extreme mortification” (Bloom). Once he achieved enlightenment, he turned into ‘the Buddha – the enlightened or awakened one’. Christianity is one of the largest and most prevailing religions of the world and largely based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians trust that Jesus was sent by God to save humanity. Therefore, the faith of the followers of the Christian belief is primarily based on the preaching of Jesus and later the spreading of those by his disciples. Although Buddhism and Christianity show several parallels, their three key differences are that Buddhists do not believe in one divine being, and have different views about both the purpose of life and the concept of afterlife.
Buddha believed that by following the Eightfold Path, one could fulfill and find legitimacy in the Four Noble Truths, and reach Nirvana; the release from selfishness and pain. Like the Hindu, Buddha believed in reincarnation, a major factor in achieving Nirvana, as...
... the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering. More simply put, suffering exists; it has a cause; it has an end; and it has a cause to bring about its end. The notion of suffering in Buddhism then, is not intended to convey a negative world view, but rather, to connote a pragmatic perspective that deals with the world as it is, and subsequently attempts to remedy it. The concept of pleasure is not denied, but is rather acknowledged as fleeting in that the pursuit of pleasure can only sustain what is ultimately an unquenchable thirst.
230). There are two main “types” Buddhism that are practiced around the world. The first is Theravadin, and the second is Mahayana (Smith-Stoner, 2005, p. 228). Buddhism contains a “message of salvation” that considered the “Four Noble Truths” (Leming & Dickinson, 2011 p. 134). They are, the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering. Leming and Dickinson (2011) describe how the combination of ethics and meditation are the eightfold path to enlightenment (Leming & Dickinson, 2011 p. 136). The author believes it is important for practitioners to recognize the increasing numbers of people practicing Buddhism in the United States in order to enhance their ability to care for end of life needs in this population. Smith-Stoner (2005) states that Buddhism is one of the fastest growing religions in the United States and that Colorado is one of the main population centers (Smith-Stoner, 2005, p. 229). In Buddhism, it is extremely important to be able to tame emotions and the mind which is done through meditation. The author thinks it is pertinent to know the
Nirvana is a word that is commonly used in Buddhism with varied meanings depending on the use. It means the state of blowing out from certain detractors in life. To “blow out” has great meaning and refers wholly to the extinguishing or dispelling of oneself from certain characters that are considered to be iniquitous. It is characterized by peace of mind and it saves man from the sufferings, the cycles of rebirth, and death. Nirvana could only be achieved by individuals who observed the laid down rules and detached themselves from sin. Moksha is a common belief in the Hindu religion and it describes a state where one’s soul connects with god’s soul. In the Hindu religion, achieving moksha removes one from the cycle of life and death, which is the state of reincarnation as one moves from one life to the next. In essence, moksha is a state of unification of one’s soul with that of the creator, therefore achieving oneness of atman and Brahman. This essay discusses the various similarities and differences that exist between Buddhist Nirvana and Hindu Moksha.
This is known as “nirvana”. Nirvana means the ending of all suffering; a state of supreme bliss. So, it is not only the release from samsara, it is the end of all suffering as well. Being that it is the highest level of the philosophy, it’s the goal of all followers. Since the goal is to reach this level of bliss, all anger, ignorance, and desire (called trishna) has to be eliminated. These feelings are the root of suffering for Buddhist followers. When these negative feelings and emotions are realized and eliminated, nirvana and the escape from the death and rebirth cycle would then be reached. It’s an inner-awakening of the self and a realization of what reality truly is, and it is then one becomes enlightened as a Buddha.
Furthermore, even the happiest and carefree of people will eventually experience some kind of suffering. The Buddha taught people to recognize that suffering is part of life and that it cannot be avoided. However, this suffering does not only come from the body—it also comes from within. Those who experience loneliness, depression, anxiety, or cannot satisfy their needs and wants are suffering. Despite the negative aspects of suffering, Siddhartha also spoke of happiness through friendships, family life, or health. Though, the downfall to this is that happiness is impermanent—or annica—and will not end all suffering. Buddhists believe that the way to end suffering is to first accept the fact that suffering is a fact of life. The next aspect to recognize is what causes such suffering?
One of the characteristics of Buddhist reality is “dukkha”, which is translated as suffering. The Buddhist understanding of suffering is more of a dissatisfaction or dis-ease with life. This is caused by the constant change that comes with living in the physical world. Even when experiencing a pleasurable time, we are dissatisfied because the moment is fleeting. For example when one homework assignment is completed, we know that soon there will be another. People try to organize their lives but unpredictable things such as death and natural disasters throw life back into a state of disorganization. These things are all examples of dukkha (Ellwood, McGraw, 121-123).