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The war of Jenkins ear was a war between Britain and Spain the start to the causes of the war of Jenkins ear was Britain received a thirty-year trade agreement from Spain which permitted British merchants to trade up to 500 tons of goods per year in the Spanish colonies as well as sell an unlimited number of slaves. Though the agreement was in effect, its operation was often hindered by military conflicts between the two nations. In the wake of the Anglo-Spanish War which was an intermittent conflict between the kingdoms of Spain and England that was never formally declared. The war was punctuated by widely separated battles, and began with England's military expedition in 1585 to the Netherlands under the command of the Earl of Leicester in support of the resistance of the State’s General to Habsburg rule.
Spain were granted the permission by Britain to stop British ships to ensure that Britain were following the agreement. Spain started to believe Britain were taking advantage of the trade agreement so they started to board British ships and even seize the ships along with torturing the crew of the British ships
The man at the centre of the conflict was Captain Robert
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Britain society rich and poor were separated by food and living conditions for example there was little change in food in the 18th century. Despite the improvements in farming food for ordinary people remained plain and monotonous. For them meat was a luxury. In England a poor person's food was mainly bread and potatoes. In the 18th century a tiny minority of the population lived in luxury the rich built great country houses however the poor had none of these things. Craftsmen and labourers lived in 2 or 3 rooms. The poorest people lived in just one room. Their furniture was very simple and plain these citizens demanded
...g the aristocrats, the middle class being the businessmen and the lower class being mostly the poor farmers. Also the colonies had a very distinct system of the social class, starting with the aristocrats, lesser professional men, farmers, hired hands, indentured servants, jailbird and slaves. These slaves had no equality with the whites and whites often feared their rebellion. The slaves were the closest to Europe's lower classes. But compared with contemporary Europe America of the 1700's was a place of equality and opportunity except for slavery.
Throughout Europe in the fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, nations were filled with poor and less fortunate individuals. While the nobles of countries such as France and England ruled their lands, many forgot about the underprivileged that roamed the city streets begging for alms. As a result, the opinions towards these lower class people were very differentiated. However, three main opinions stood out. All in all, the views of the poor in fifteenth – eighteenth century Europe included those who believed individuals should help the poor because it is the right thing to do, those who believed individuals should help the poor for God, and those who believed the poor were just idlers
The war began when immigrants from England decided they wanted to be independent colonies and no longer under the king of England’s rule. Most of the earlier fighting took place on American soil. In 1778, France signed an alliance with the new nation of America supporting their fight for independence. Once France signed allegiance with the new nation, it turned more into world war instead of just America and England. Now England was fighting the American colonies in America, and France, Spain, and the Netherlands on the home front. Another reason the war was started, was because of taxes put in place by the king, and enforced by English soldiers in the colonies. Most Americans were against getting taxed by the king so some of the patriots decided to ruin a shipment of tea, which is known as the Boston tea party. On July 2, 1776, continental congress formerly declared independence (Henretta, 2012). The war was not yet over though until 1783 when the treaty of Paris got signed and officially ended the war. The treaty recognized the geographical boundaries of the colonies and also gave Spain some of the Florida
The conflict between England and Spain only escalated with the continuous harassment of Queen Elizabeth's privateers. The attacks by the Sea Dogs began to disrupt the Spanish silver trade, piled on with the religious opposition Queen Elizabeth faced from Catholics, along with the execution of Mary of Scots. In retaliation of the attacks from England, Phillip II formed the Spanish Armada, or Invincible Fleet. Even before the attack on England, the privateers were already at work to deny the Spanish their victory...
The development of social classes in medieval England affected life for the people in many positive ways. It served as a means of organization to base their daily lives off of, and also gave the peasants and trade classes protection from the rulers and the clergy class in return for their labor and allegiance (“Quizlet”). Life in the Middle Ages was based on the framework of social classes so they could flourish socially and economically. The British class structure was a configuration of five main classes. The King owned all the land and distributed portions of it to his nobles.
One of England’s main adversaries was Spain. In May of 1702 England, Austria and the Dutch declared war to begin the ‘War of of the Spanish Succession.” The cause of the war was due to the death of the King of Spain, Charles the
The traditional Marxist explanation of class inequality in the contemporary UK is based on Marx. Marx saw society as a structure divided into two major parts - the first and most important structure is the economic base referred to as the infrastructure. The second major part consists of the rest of society, such as political, legal and education systems, beliefs and ideas. This part is referred to as the superstructure. Marx claimed that the infrastructure shapes the superstructure as the economic system shapes the rest of society. For example, the education system in a modern industrial society has been shaped by the requirements of a capitalist economy for a literate and well-disciplined workforce. Marx saw social class in two major social groups - a ruling class and a subject class. The power of the ruling class, the Bourgeoisie comes from their ownership of the means of productive, including the land, raw materials and machinery used to produce goods. The Bourgeoisie oppress the subject class. The subject class, the Proletariat is made up of workers who own only their labour which they hire to the Bourgeoisie in exchange for wages. Marx believed that the relationship between the classes in one of
There was tremendous competition between European states for power and wealth. England wanted to limit France in the new world and as time went on, the conflict grew and the French and English colonies got involved as well as the Spanish ones. Both King Williams’s war and Queen Anne’s War ended in a negotiated peace and had little effect on the colonies, but both had accompanying wars in Europe. King William’s was the War of the League of Augsburg in Europe and Queen Anne’s War was the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. In the eighteenth century, the European states depended on borrowing to fund their wars, but the English were the first not to pay off the debt when the war was over. The English instead just paid the interest on the debt, but as the debt
Cities during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century showed great increase in population in Britain and created terrible conditions for the poor working class and their families. These unbelievably harsh living conditions can be seen on image 1 and 3 where families are forced to live in an overcrowded and inadequate room. There was a very high demand of houses and many were constructed in terraced rows that can be seen in image 4. Some of these houses had just a small yard at the rear where an outside toilet was placed. Others were ‘back to back’ without yard as shown in image 2. The people who lived in cities needed cheap homes as the Industrial Revolution continued to grow.
The revolution resulted in the development of a new social class the middle class. This class contained factory, min owners as well as engineers, doctors and lawyers. The flourish of this new social class greatly noticeable in Britain as the British scholars were more practical rather than theoretical. As Strayer explains, the discoveries on atmospheres and vacuums promoted the innovation of the steam engine in Britain (Strayer, 2012; 834). The industrial revolution brought the social status of business men up as they benefited the most from the industrial revolution, it can also be said that the factory and min owners were the sponsors of the industrial revolution. Because of their wealth they got the advantage of living a healthy life in the villages away from the diseases that were spreading in the overcrowded cities. However, the aristocrats lost their social power and were harmed by the industrial revolution. They struggled to keep their power in the parliament but as the industrial revolution grew they became less important to the economy and by the end of the nineteenth century they were replaced by businessmen in the parliament. “The aristocracy’s declining political clout was demonstrated in the 1840s when high tariffs on foreign agricultural imports… were finally abolished” (Strayer, 2012; 837), this is when the aristocrats struggled the most because the taxes were very high and they could not pay their
One Victorian sentiment was that a civilized individual could be determined by her/his appearance. This notion was readily adopted by the upper classes and, among other things, helped shape their views of the lower classes, who certainly appeared inferior to them. In regards to social mobility, members of the upper classes may have (through personal tragedy or loss) often moved to a lower-class status, but rarely did one see an individual move up from the abysmal lower class. Although poverty could be found almost anywhere in Victorian London (one could walk along a street of an affluent neighborhood, turn the corner, and find oneself in an area of depravity and decay), most upper-class Londoners, who tended to dwell in the West End, associated the East End with the lower class.
Society has evolved over the years in many ways. Including advances in technology, and enriched education . Within the novel Great Expectations, there is a strong contrast between the rich and the poor. Similarly, in the short story, The Doll's House, the 'lower class' or poor children were displaced amongst the rest and were avoided. Although society has progressed in other ways, social class injustice is still present today. In the following essay, I will compare the existing social class injustice that is portrayed throughout the two stories set in historical periods, to those seen today by exploring the relationship between wealth and class, interaction between upper and lower class, and the social class structure.
Living in England in the late sixteenth century, people were dependent on status and occupation; the rich lived luxuriously while the poor were subjected to low wages, scare resources, diseases, and famine. “The gap between the rich and the poor seems to have widened in the 1570s and 1580s; wealth and power are concentrated in the hands of the few, and many people can’t even find a job” (Papp and Kirkland 4). Agriculture was the most important industry in the Elizabethan economy. The majority of people in the 16th century lived in the country, and were dependent on harvest and farming. Men were farmers and women were subjected to household duties such as domestic work and spinning wool to make clothing. As a farmer men were responsible for the fieldwork, plowing, weeding, mowing, herding animals, and harvesting agricultural products. People were financially deprived despite their occupation in farming and spinning; income was at its lowest:
The lifestyles of this wealthy class, called the nouveau riche and who emerged in 1783, were considered lavish. Though they weren’t apart of the English aristocracy, they were able to live comfortable lives like them. This new class was able to emerge because of the influx of immigration into the rapidly forming cities; people were in search of employment. As these people arrived to the newly formed cities, factory owners obtaianed a larger labor force that would work for them. Nevertheless, they would continue to pay workers fixed wages and make large profits (Manolopoulou and Eagleton 3). Despite this change of social stratification in England, the society remained patriarchal. For marriage to occur, a woman had to either bring land into marriage or pay a dowry. In addition, any land or property inherited by women had to be passed on to her husband. Furthermore, patriarchal forces were reinforced since women were still restricted to the same low-status, low-paid, and low-skilled jobs they always had. A reason for this continuity was the decrease of employment opportunities given to women during the industrial revolution (Chalus and Barker 82). The dominance of men at the end of this time period was still
In the beginning nothing noticeable really occurred, it was mostly just little things with farming that improved life for the common person. “Most families did not have enough to sell at the market- they had just enough for their own needs.” Up until the factories started booming and employment rates skyrocketed, people really couldn’t become wealthy and live a decent life. As the ways of farming grew the English at the time began to use up more and more land efficiently. “Unusable swamplands could be drained and used for crops.” That’s absolutely amazing that in this era they could turn swamps into areas to raise more crops so they can naturally make more money at the markets and become a bit wealt...