Visiting Friends and Relatives tourism is mainly discussed and linked to one of the major motivations of travel- pleasure and business. Tourists who are usually involved this form of tourism regard themselves as ‘pleasure’ or ‘vacation tourists’ (Griffin, 2014). The concept of VFR travel is sometimes referred to as ‘ethnic tourism (Jackson, 1990; Morrison et al., 2000; Feng and Page, 2002; Hu and Morrison, 2002; Butler, 2003, Poet et al., 2004; Barnett et al., 2010). Since VFR travellers involved in different activities when they visit their original place of stay, a feeling of nostalgia can lead them to travel and connect with the part and for this reason why VFR travel is linked to ethnic tourism. It is crucial to understand the VFR travel …show more content…
VFR travel is segmented into distinct subgroups based on activities the participants engage in while on vacation (Moscardo et al., 2000). Moscardo et al., (2000) proposed an initial typology of VFR travel in studying the relationship between the differentiating factors and VFR travel behavior patterns. The model identified five factors for differentiating the VFR market: (a) sector (the distinction between VFR as a travel activity and as a trip type or motive), (b) scope (the distinction between domestic and international VFR travel), (c) effort (short-haul versus long-haul VFR trips), (d) accommodation used (staying with friends and relatives versus staying in commercial accommodation), and (e) focus of visit (VFs, VRs, or VFVRs). In the current study, the researcher hopes to prove the relationship between activity and motive (Moscardo et al., 2000; Pennington-Gray, …show more content…
They argue that when one is visiting relatives is based on younger children grandparents or between older people and on the other hand, visiting friends is linked to people under the age of 25 even though they participate in similar activities (Lockyer and Ryan, 2007). However, this distinction is problematic since it does not mention if middle aged people do not participate in VFR travel. Therefore, this research report will cover this gap by evaluating the age of Zimbabweans travelling between South Africa and Zimbabwe for visiting friends and relatives’ purposes. It is significant to note that international students have a huge influence in attracting VFR travel thus contributing to the development of regional tourism (Bischoff and Koenig-Lewis, 2007; Lui and Ryan, 2011). The concept of VFR travel is divided into two groups namely primary and secondary (Poel et al., 2004).Primary activities of VFR travellers include socializing, dining at home and entertainment; secondary activities include dining out, recreation, shopping, sightseeing, and urban entertainment (Poel et al., 2004). This study will try to differentiate between primary and secondary activities of Zimbabweans travelling between Zimbabwe and South Africa for visiting friends and relatives’ purposes and this will improve the recognition of VFR travel in the Sub Saharan
Urry, John, The tourist gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies 2nd Ed (London, 2002).
Throughout history, traveling both domestically and internationally has been a major aspect of American life. Whether traveling for work, vacation, or even just leisure, Americans have always been on the move. Although, from Arthur C. Brooks article, “How to Get Americans Moving Again,” it is evident that times are changing. In “How to Get Americans Moving Again,” Brooks portrays an America that has had an immense percentage decrease in the amount of Americans that domestically move between states. This decrease is due to a traveling environment that has left a vast amount of fear and uncertainty in the hearts of travelers, which has caused them to stay home. Considering the current circumstances that Americans are traveling in, which includes
The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Tourism and Re-Created Ethnicity. Annals of Tourism Research, 11(3), 343-353. Retrieved from http:// dx.doi.org.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/10.1016/0160-7383(84)90026-4.
For the introduction, brief information regarding my purchase and the travel and tourism industry is presented. It was then followed by the explanation of the 2 chosen theories from two different chapters.
Business travel activities can be divided into two levels: primary activities and secondary activities. The former usually includes meetings, attending conferences and exhibitions, and the later refers to accommodation, catering, transportation, recreation for leisure activities and so on. To conclude, the primary activities are more important than the secondary ones as the main purpose of this travel is for business
A person who visits an area that he or she has never been to before or does not live in this place permanently is considered a tourist. Many people are considered tourists because they decide to visit places which they have either heard stories of may be visiting since they have read interesting things about the place and want to enjoy it as well. The tourist in this essay is originally from India, and has relatives living in California, U.S.A. Her sister is a neighbor to the interviewer and it was an honor for her to accept to do the interview and therefore it was important to be sensitive and also ensure the tourist is comfortable throughout the process. The opportunity this tourist has bestowed upon me to interview
When tourists decide to travel, there must be a motivation behind and this applies to VFR travellers (Gitelson and Kerstetter, 1995; Murphy, et al, 2003; Ramachandran, 2006). However, it is crucial to understand if VFR travel is the main purpose of travel or it just an activity that falls under the main purpose of travel (Ramachandran, 2006). Before one attempts to understand if VFR travel is either primary or secondary, it is important to review travel motivations which lead people to decide that they want to travel. Travel motivation is the basis for tourism studies which lead to tourism development (Pearce, 2005). It is significant in tourism to understand what motivates tourists in making a decision that they would desire to visit a particular place or
During the past few decades, traveling has greatly increased. Purposes of travel vary, some travel for business, some for leisure,
When people travel to a destination, they sure have some motivation to motivate them to make the decision. ‘Motivation’ is the key term that will make the tourist to consider the reason to travel around. During the decision making process, people will consider some of the reasons before they confirm travel to a destination. The research that has conducted in The Netherland found out a remarkably high propensity to travel, 70% of the populations are taking one holiday per year and 24% was taking two holidays per year for holiday. Some of the people will affect their decision making by looking at destination image or some of the impact advertising. On the internet, business people will use image and advertising to attract tourist to travel to the destination by using image that they edit before. This is part of the marketing to promote their country to tourist. For family traveler, they will consider the distance and transportation travel to the destination. When go for travel, tourist will bring the whole family to travel. Then, they will consider old people who travel long journey are very hard for them. If one of the family members are senior citizen, they need to consider their healthy. Some of the senior citizen cannot take long journey, such as they have sickness. Bring children go for holiday also need to be consider. Some of the children will afraid of the highest in the plane, so they will feel uncomfortable. There is plenty of reason need to consider before making any decision to travel. For understanding tourist motivation and decision making is for two main reason, planning consideration and economic consideration. (Page & Connell, 2009) Before the tourist travel to a destination, they need to think about culture, climat...
The SWOT analysis helped me identify the following segments; the youth segment, the family holiday segment, the backpacking segment and the culture-interested segment. I will refer to appendix 1 if you are interested in a more detailed explanation of the demographics, geographics and psychographics of these segments. I have chosen to focus on the youth and the backpacking segment and I haven chosen this because I found these segments to be the segments with the biggest potential in growth and profitability. I will now go into depth with an analysis of the demographics, geographics, psychographics and targeting of the two chosen segments. I will then continue with a positioning of the youth
He write “Adventure Tourists – that’s those young people who come with back packs, take selfies all over the place, and talk loudly about how ‘awesome’ they are in the bar, isn’t it? “. (Local Council Member: 1). Author of this reasoning show unknowingness of a basic idea of who is the Adventure Tourist. Research conducted in 2014 by The Adventure Tourism Trade Association, demonstrate that global average age of Adventure Tourism customer is 48. (ATTA, Industry Snapshot) This information prove that not only young people are adventure tourist, furthermore they are the minority. Next words of Local Council Member who suggest that this kind of tourist don’t have a jobs, are again the falsehood. According to ATTA, the average global trip price per day is 477 US Dollars, this statistic indicates that customers of this niche of tourism definitely have a financial resources to pay for their active holidays. There is no research about employment of average adventure tourist, but it can be assumed that most of them earn their money at some kind of work. Local Council Member said that in his opinion this part of industry not bringing much money in. As stated in UNWTOs “Global Report on Adventure Tourism” in comparison, on a global level, non-adventure tourists spend about 500 US Dollars per person per holiday, this is about 40% less than the amount spent by adventure tourists. What is more in mass tourism, approximately four-fifths of the revenue from a trip goes to airlines, hotels and other international companies. In contrast, in adventure tourism, quarter of the revenue goes to local communities. This means that this niche brings more money than ordinary kind of tourism and is more beneficial to local
This form of tourism differs from past ideologies of travel and tourism relating to escapism or the need to find a foreign authentic experience unlike any before. These new tourists, which consist of a new wave of solo women travelers are looking for experiences that hold meaning on an individual level through the consideration of their own societal relationships along with different life options and perspectives. Tourism is a fundamental “tool for economic, social and political empowerment of women” that is valuable for hosts and the tourism industry, and also to home countries and cultures (Sabina et al 2013). Business, pleasure, education, and adventure are included in some of the most common reasons for female solo travel, but the underlying factors that contribute to the overall reasons for travel include female empowerment, self discovery, identity constructions, to fulfill curiosity, to escape traditional cultural gendered and domestic responsibility roles at home, resistance, and simply traveling for the reason of traveling. It has also been suggested that solo female travel “allows women to break out of their cages where they are shackled by the wants, needs, and demands of other people that keep them within
Tourism focuses much more on attractions, helping the tourist experience a change, and is a huge economic business. They each have different rules and guidelines, anthropology being more strict then tourism. However, there are several anthropologists who see tourism as a spiritual journey for newcomers and how it can be a very successful anthropological method. While most people see tourism as an obtrusive version of a vacation, several anthropologists view tourism as a “sacred journey” and helps the tourist experience a sense of solidarity or togetherness (Selwyn, 1990). This form of tourism, known as ethnic tourism, relates the most to anthropology.
Smith, V., & Hughes, H. (1999). Disadvantaged families and the Meaning of the Holiday. International Journal of Tourism Research, 1, 123-133.
Throughout the past thirty years traveling tourists have had the opportunity to travel all over the world and discover a variety of different cultures. This incredible opportunity has been facilitated by the developments of tourist friendly locales all over the world in remote areas of the globe such, Madagascar, Easter Island (off the coast of Chile), Bali, and more recently the Mentawai Islands off the coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. Travelers are finding more reasons to break off the beaten path, primarily because they want to escape from the crowds that can come with more popular vacation destinations. Many of these travelers who are choosing new and remote destinations for their travels are the young backpackers hailing from just about every country in the world. Accompanying them are families who want to have a more remote and more isolating experience. Still many are honeymooners fresh from the altar. And the last group which, consists of the surfers who travel to the ends of the globe to find that perfect combination of weather, water, and waves. These surfers are connoisseurs of some of the finest beaches in the world and thirst after lush white tropical sands and blue water like a camel fresh off of a trek through the Sahara. One of the major catalysts that has allowed for the growth of these remote tourist locations has been the development of the internet, which has allowed everyone in the world to visit almost any place with the click of a button, make a reservation at a hotel, and see a menu from a local restaurant. This ability to research and carefully plan trips to remote locations around the world is a modern phenomenon, whi...