The modernization and urbanization of East Asian cities has, in many cases tried to follow the trends of their Western predecessors. Modifications in urban development were made to meet local need or demand but the overall attempt at mimicking a similar infrastructure can be seen throughout history. Rapid urbanization followed in the wake of industrialization in East
Asian cities. This resulted in extremely large cities, dominating huge areas of land with extreme populations of people. This pattern of urban settlement followed by industrial activity with in urbanizing hinterlands is a development found rarely outside of East Asian cities (Clark,2003).
Similarly, nonchalant placement of highways and other city-wide elements of urban infrastructure as well as block infrastructure is a trend toward the traditional patterns of living which is also not found in other cities (Clark,2003).
The urban planning of most East Asian cities began with the adoption of a technological outlook and move toward rapid modernization; however the technical orientation was empirical.
Sudden onslaught of tr...
...lead to government buildings. Commerce and trade increased because it allowed merchants, travelers, and locals to transport themselves and their goods throughout Chang’an in an efficient and organized fashion. The grid system in New York was, and still is, used as a organized and efficient way for anyone to navigate through the city. Before being built, the city was growing rapidly and city planners needed to plan for expansion. They decided on a plan of building Manhattan into a grid system. This allowed them to plan ahead for the rapidly increasing population. The main idea behind the system was to gain profit from real estate. The more that people moved into the new land, the more commerce increased. The net result was that the city grew even faster than the planners had expected and there was more profit from real estate than expected as well (New York Times).
More food made larger populations possible. Larger populations caused larger villages, which combined into real cities. A true city had real power, including alliances, bargaining, and trading.
564-565. See the corresponding section. This was the first and biggest example of city planning to fulfill industrial needs that existed in Western Europe. Paris' narrow alleys and apparently random placement of intersections were transformed into wide streets and curving turnabouts that freed up congestion and aided in public transportation for the scientists and workers of the time. Man was no longer dependent on the natural layout of cities; form was beginning to follow function....
Architects such as Louis Sullivan brought new principles of building: the skyscrapers, and allowed more space available on less land. Industrial jobs brought more rural people into factory thus increased population. Electricity, telephones, indoor plumbing and new inventions made life easier in the big cities. Walking city made it easier to for people to walk around.
Since the advancement of the technology has taken place, the infrastructure should implies more technology to build up a more secure and also environment friendly compound for the citizen so that in the near future, these people will increases the work productivity to support the economic growth in their working place which this will help them to expand the financial status of the country.
the fact that the individual cities constantly competed with each other and at the same time they
Mixed-use development is so important because it can help our cities become more sustainable and can bring us to that point where we can move forward as a society. Cities utilizing mixed-use development can improve on their transportation and infrastructure. Communities will flourish in their new capacity to provide for those around them. People will need to travel shorter distances to get what they need and money will be kept within the community. Mixed-use development leads to all these benefits and can be a solution to a lot of today’s growing population problems. One of the main issues this type of development can help is keeping the local economy strong. When people have to travel shorter distances to get what they need, the money stays within those distances and the local economy is able to provide for infrastructure improvement, better schools, and maintenance. In “The Modern City Re-Invented” Shafik Rifaat, emphasizes the unprecedented population growth that our current world is undergoing. He talks about the need to revise our cities and to rejuvenate our urban developments in order to accommodate the growing number of people living in urban environments. Rifaat goes so far as to even assign numbers for optimal mixed-use communities. He claims that there needs to be a fifteen minute walk, followed by a bike ride or train ride
which are now used globally. Build in the heart of the city using local builders. Tout the
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
countryside and follow the jobs, which led them to move to the cities. Economics weren't the
Recent years have witnessed a large number of Indian English fiction writers who have stunned the literary world with their works. The topics dealt with are contemporary and populist and the English is functional, communicative and unpretentious. Novels have always served as a guide, a beacon in a conflicting, chaotic world and continue to do so. A careful study of Indian English fiction writers show that there are two kinds of writers who contribute to the genre of novels: The first group of writers include those who are global Indians, the diasporic writers, who are Indians by birth but have lived abroad, so they see Indian problems and reality objectively. The second group of writers are those born and brought up in India, exposed to the attitudes, morale and values of the society. Hence their works focus on the various social problems of India like the plight of women, unemployment, poverty, class discrimination, social dogmas, rigid religious norms, inter caste marriages, breakdown of relationships etc.
Urbanization (or urbanisation) is the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. Urbanization has been the result of economic growth for most countries. In fact, every developed nation in the world has gone through urbanization and this is no news to Chinese leaders. To turn the nation of China from being a developing nation to a developed nation, China encouraged the migration of citizens from the countryside to move to large cities and fuel the industrializing nation. Though urbanization has been a process many countries have gone through, China’s urbanization plans are very distinct compared to western examples. The main reason for China’s urbanization distinctions is its sheer magnitude and pace. In this paper, we will review this mass migration, the economic growth, China’s environmental concerns (specifically air pollution) due the urbanization and the focus on industrialization, and we will briefly see China’s newest seven year urbanization plan.
Urbanization is the process of becoming a city or intensification of urban elements. Since modernization, the meaning of urbanization mostly became the transformation that a majority of population living in rural areas in the past changes to a majority living in urban areas. However, urbanization differs between the developed and developing world in terms of its cause and the level of its negative outcomes. Korea, as one of the developing countries, experienced what is called ‘ overurbanization,’ and it experienced a number of negative consequences of it, although it could achieve a great economic development by it. This paper examines how urbanization differs between the West and the rest of the world, the characteristics and process of urbanization in Korea, problems sprung from its extreme urbanization, and government policies coping with population distribution.
We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country. However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of problems, a new way of development ----sustainable development was put forward. Just like its literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the problem caused by urbanization, including environmental damage, overuse of resources, and natural disasters.