Over the past years, supply chain and social network analysis have been handled as two independent fields within different organizations. Supply chain refers to the collaborated decision making among vertical and horizontal stakeholders in subsequent value addition of products. Study on supply and value chains proposes the need for efficient information exchange and resource allocation among different tiers of the network.
On the other hand, social network analysis gives the feasible connections, physical as well as virtual, between various organizations involved in the chain. It is based on identification of network structure constraints pertaining to the firms of a specific industry. Network analysis in supply chain focuses on the need for various levels of social relationship among suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, distributors and retail outlets. Croom et al., 2000[1], highlights the importance of relationships in a supply chain network to achieve efficient flow of information and resources.
A supply chain lacks coordination if each stage optimizes only its local objective, without considering the impact on the complete chain. Total supply chain profits in uncoordinated chain are thus less than what could be achieved through coordination. Development of strong social connectivity and trust among the members benefits the supply chain in terms of reduced uncertainty (Baker and Faulkner, 2004[2]).
Social networking helps in coordination of various tiers in supply chain and sharing of resources. This leads to reduction in inventory cost, manufacturing cost, number of back orders, lead time, labor cost for shipping and receiving and increases level of product availability. Dyer, 2000[3] demonstrated that higher level of social...
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...with experimentation of results and sensitivity analysis on the total cost function. We conclude the paper with section 6 where we summarize our results and suggest future scope of research in this area.
2) MODELLING OF MULTI PERIOD SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK
In this section we develop a multiperiod N-tiered well connected supply chain network. we consider a planning horizon of T periods (1,….t,….T).The model consists of number of retailers ,... … ,n(N-1) suppliers of retailers , n(N-2) suppliers of suppliers and so on till n1 number of primary suppliers (first tier suppliers) .A typical primary supplier is denoted by i, a typical second tier supplier is denoted by j and so on till a typical Nth tier retailer is denoted by l. The arrows represent the flow of materials from one tier to another. The link from one time period to another represents the level of social
On the same note, it is well acknowledged that the competitiveness of any organization fundamentally depends on the workforce. Indeed, the workforce is recognized as the heart or living organism of any organization including hotels. It goes without saying that there is minimum likelihood that a restaurant where workers operate in unsafe conditions or are mistreated will offer services and products of the highest quality. Scholars note that employees always desire to work in institutions or restaurants that have high standards of integrity and strive to do the appropriate thing (Fox & Vorley, 2004 pp. 33). This is especially so for the new generation workforce, as well as in attracting the best talent in the industry. A reputation for responsibility and integrity has been recognized as crucial in motivating, as well as recruiting staff especially considering that individuals care about the principles and values that their employers wish to uphold. Scholars note that operating voluntarily to high ethical standards pertaining to environment and social responsibility can result in competitive advantage (Schlegelmilch et al, 2004, pp. pp 254). Customers and civil society groups have been increasingly vigilant in determining whether there is an ethical lapse in the manner in which employees are treated within the supply chain of any organization (Fox & Vorley, 2004 pp. 33). In fact, they have been pressurizing restaurants and other business entities to cut ties with any organization in their supply chain that is not ethical in its treatment of employees. Scholars note that the impression that a restaurant or business entity would create in terms of public relations both on the stakeholders and the customers is highly dependent on the ac...
Supply chain management is connected with the flow of products and information between supply chain members and organizations. New development in technologies enables organization to get correct information easily in their premises. Technologies used are helpful in coordinating the activities which manage the supply chain. By this the cost of information is decreased because now we have increasing rate of technologies. In an integrated supply chain where product or raw material and information flow in a bi-directional we as managers needs to understand that information technology is more than just computers.
The cooperative game theory comes in picture when more than two players in the supply chain come together and form alliances to harness maxim...
Supply chains are all exercises that create or give an item as well as support to a client. Verifiably store network administration has been about decreasing expense. Overseeing inventory network expense is key vital wanting to stay aggressive in a worldwide business sector. All associations have an inventory network. A production network incorporates outside, inside, approaching, and active. Outside and inside supply chains are individuals, parts, crude material, crude sustenance, data, improvement of individuals and ventures, designing, work, completed items, and segments of items that will approaching supplies, use, stockpiling, appropriation and proficiently, to accomplish most extreme estimation of each. So as to be aggressive and reasonable
Generally, as figure 1 shown that the Strengths for this supply chain is good for short run production and hard make mistake. It could avoid the lack of materials and make materials mixed together.
A supply chain is a system through which organizations deliver their products and services to their customers. The network begins with the basic ingredients to start the chain of supply, which are the suppliers that supply raw materials, ingredients, and so on. From there, it will transfer the supplies to the manufacturer who builds, assembles, converts, or furnishes a product. The chain now needs to get the product to the consumer by transporting the finished product from the manufacturer through a warehouse or distribution center. An example is that Wal-Mart has a nearby distribution center where products are delivered there and then split up to be delivered to a retail Wal-Mart. “Wal-Mart will take responsibility for breaking down larger loads and delivering the product to other Wal-Mart stores” (Ehring 1).
Omni Logistics is a 3PL business that specializes in transportation services that can be customized to customer’s needs. Teams of dedicated professionals aim to remove risk and variability in the products and suppliers of their clients. Moreover, Omni tailors their services to meet the unique needs of each individual client by combining a unique team, technology, and personal processes. Omni’s program solutions include domestic (air and ground), international (air and sea), air charter, full truck load, LTL rater, security and risk management, White Glove Solutions, distribution, information technology, and business sector solutions.
‘Supply chain management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies. It encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, thir- party service providers, and customers’. (Web: Council for Supply Chain Management Pr...
Supply chain management has been defined as that process that involves the management of information, materials, and all the finances that are handled within and across the entire supply chain process (Christopher, 2016). The management is usually done through out the entire supply chain management from that moment when the suppliers are involved through all the manufacturing activities, different distribution activities, and the way that the products are served to the final product consumer (Turban, et al., 2002). The process also includes all the activities that different organizations offers to their customers as after sale services for purposes perfecting their services and products towards their highly valued customers (Christopher,
Social computing refers to the intersection of social behavior and computational systems. It is the collaborative and interactive aspect of online behavior of different people communicating together- not in isolation as in one on one chat. Social computing in an organization can empower and motivate employees and as a result create benefits for the business. For example the use of customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning systems among others. Therefore businesses can use social computing to get closer and intimate with their customers, suppliers and hence promote their brands at a lesser cost. Social computing enhances customer relationship management because it allows a business to follow public opinion its brand and respond quickly to customer issues and this increase customer satisfaction and loyalty as well as placing the firm in a better place as far as competition is concerned because of proper customer service delivery social computing elements include wikis, blogs, twitter and instant messaging.
Quickly becoming apparent after only a few rounds of play was in the absence of coordinating direction the individual supply chain links immediately focused upon acting in their own best interests much more so than the organization as a whole. Whether the end use customer was satisfied became secondary to avoiding stock outages for the next link in the chain, or their specific “upstream customer”. The real world application of this example is that focus on the end use customer must be consistent and maintained throughout the process up to and including delivery. Undoubtedly internal customers, such as retailers to wholesalers and distributors to production, must be serviced along the way for the transaction to ultimately occur. However, unless an end use customer is involved no profit can be realized by anyone.
Today’s leader must learn to manage and use social networks as a communication tool with customers and suppliers, and convey the importance of these new technologies to their partners, and to promote innovation processes within the company, which in times of globalization is essential, due to the large number of companies that are on the market. This requires organizations to always be at the forefront, offering the latest in products and services.
A supply chain is a network of facilities that procure raw materials, transform them into intermediate goods and then final products, and deliver the products to customers through a distribution system [1]. The basic objective of supply chain is to “optimize performance of the chain to add as much value as possible for the least cost possible.
The increased interest of social media usage has led numbers of company and business to provide new experiences for their customer to leverage media platforms to make more efficient and effective purchases (Rad, 2010). In addition, the emergences of Web 2.0 technologies are dramatically changing the web collaboration concepts, which made the web more social and interconnected. The aforementioned phenomenon is called “social commerce”. It is a subset of electronic commerce, which utilize social media, or online media that support interaction and user contributions to enhance the online purchase experience.
The aim of the value chain structure is to maximize the value creation while minimizing costs. Value Chain Analysis is a useful tool for working out how you can create the greatest possible value for your customers. Value chain analysis relies on the rudimentary economic principle of competitive advantage -companies are best served by operating in divisions where they have a relative prolific benefit compared to their competitors. Concomitantly, companies should ask themselves where they can deliver the paramount value to their customer. To conduct a value chain analysis, the company begins by identifying each part of its production process and recognizing where steps can be purged or enhancements can be made. These improvements can result