Diabetes is a disease that is an epidemic that is becoming more apparent within our nation. This disease has become so common, one can see it affecting the lives of coworkers, friends and even close relatives. Diabetes has risen over the last couple of years, with over twenty-nine-million people who have diabetes, this is almost ten percent of the entire population. (“National Diabetes Statistics Report” 1). Additionally, only twenty-million of these people are diagnosed with the disease, leaving the other eight-million undiagnosed (1). Seeing as they’re are so many that are undiagnosed, this is a concern because it is known that complications of diabetes often begin long before the patient is diagnosed, and because early treatment can decrease …show more content…
Within this category of diabetes, early resistance of insulin signifies the development of hyperglycemia, usually seen when the pancreas is unable to make enough insulin to compensate for the sensitivity of surface tissues. (Belinda 41). Seeing as the the symptoms are not as clearly indicated as type 1 diabetes, diagnosis tends to occur several years after the start of glucose intolerance. (Belinda 41). The time difference between the onset and diagnosis of the disease is very important, being that effective blood glucose management can slow down the failing of microvascular and macrovascular complications early on, which are both usually present at the time of diagnosis. (Belinda 41). Although similar to type 1 diabetes, the development of type 2 is only due to the deficiency of insulin resistance and secretin not a complete loss of it. (Belinda 41). As this disease continues to progress, a decrease in the beta cell’s ability to integrate insulin results in this deficiency in the beta cell response to insulin (Belinda 41). Additionally, the constant state of hyperglycemia and increase of fatty acids also add on to the deficiency, which is often called glucose toxicity (Belinda 41). The central component of type 2 diabetes is abnormality of insulin action (Belinda 41). Several tissues such as muscles, adipose and liver begin …show more content…
One of them include a state of glucose that is in between normal blood glucose and diabetes, which is known as “prediabetes” (Belinda 42). This level of blood glucose that is higher than normal but just a little lower to be considered an diagnosis for diabetes is a strong indicator for someone who is at risk for diabetes (Belinda 42). People who are prediabetic also have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (Belinda 42). IGT is when someone has a blood glucose level of 140 to 199 mg/dL two hours after taking the oral glucose tolerance test (Belinda 42) This test entails someone to fast for about eight to twelve hours, after that blood is taken and measured two hours before and after drinking a glucose containing liquid (“Diagnosing Impaired Glucose Tolerance”). IFG is when the fasting blood glucose value is 100 to 125 mg/dL (Belinda 41) The test is the same for IFG, except the measurement is taken after the fasting period and is not in relation to the blood glucose level after taking the solution (“Diagnosing Impaired Glucose Tolerance”). Both are very important when looking into someone who is prediabetic. Another factor that falls into getting diabetes is the family history. Anyone who has close relatives such as a mother, sister or father that have diabetes have their risk go up (ADA). Someone with a first degree relative has an increased risk
My patient Hannah is a 10 year old 4th grade student who loves volleyball and was just diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. I’m going to explain to you what her disorder is, the signs and symptoms, causes of this disorder, body changes, economic impact, and how she will manage this disorder especially at such a young age.
Case study: Carol is 17 years old and was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of 7 years. Carol has had a recent hospital admission for dehydration and high blood glucose. During the admission Carol was found to be 6 weeks pregnant. Prior to the admission she had been experiencing weight loss and changes in mood.
During the year 1889, two researchers, Joseph Von Mering and Oskar Minkowski, discovered the disease that is known today as diabetes. Diabetes is a disease in which the insulin levels (a hormone produced in unique cells called the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas) in the bloodstream are irregular and therefore affect the way the body uses sugars, as well as other nutrients. Up until the 1920’s, it was known that being diagnosed with diabetes was a death sentence which usually affected “children and adults under 30.” Those who were diagnosed were usually very hungry and thirsty, which are two of the symptoms associated with diabetes. However, no matter how much they ate, their bodies wouldn’t be able to use the nutrients due to the lack of insulin.
According to Lewis and associates, DM is a chronic disease that affects multiple body systems. For the purpose of this paper, only DM type 2 will be discussed based on the assumption that a majority of patients aged 60 years or older have this type. The primary defects of this disease consist of insulin resistance, decreased insulin production, inappropriate glucose production by the liver, and alterations in production of adipokines. Insulin resistance is the result of defects in the body’s insulin receptors. This finding predates all cases of DM type 2 and the development of impaired glucose tolerance. In insulin resistance, beta cells in the pancreas are stimulated to increase insulin production to compensate for the lack of response by the insulin receptors. Gradually, the beta cells begin to fail to secrete enough insulin to meet the body’s demands resulting in hyperglycemia. As a result of increased glucose in the liver, the liver begins to malfunction and release glucose at inappropriate times, thereby worsening hyperglycemia. Adding to the problem, glucose and fat metabolism is altered in adipose tissue, which is generally abundant in those with DM type 2. (Lewis et al., 2011)
Diabetes is a disease that is very common in the world. Early detection of diabetes can significantly decrease the risk of it getting worse throughout a person’s life. There are symptom...
Jost, Kenneth. “Diabetes Epidemic: why is this serious disease on the increase?” The CQ Researcher (March 9, 2001): 185-200
The purpose of this study is to research the disease Type 2 Diabetes and to discover whether it is being effectively treated and prevented in Merced County, California. According to the National Institutes of Health, Diabetes Mellitus is “a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It is also the most common form of Diabetes”.1 Furthermore, there are many risk and lifestyle factors associated with this disease, but the most prevalent are; obesity (#1 risk factor), sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, family history and genetics, increased age, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and a history of gestational diabetes.2 The long term complications of having type 2 diabetes can include but are not limited to; eye problems (cataracts and glaucoma), foot problems (neuropathy/ nerve damage), skin problems (infections), high blood pressure (which raises your risk for heart attack, stroke, eye problems and kidney disease), hearing loss, oral health, mental health and early death.3
Type 1 diabetes has a genetic onset that often occurs in adolescence (Porth, 2005). It is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells within the liver are destroyed (Dorman, 1993). This causes a deficiency in insulin secretion, which ultimately leads to high blood glucose levels, also referred to as hyperglycemia (Guthrie & Guthrie, 2004). The mechanism for insulin deficiency leading to hyperglycemia is described in more detail in the following section and in Figure 1.
Typically, an 8-hour fasting glucose s taken to diagnose diabetes. If the blood sugar is 126 or more and is accompanied by classic signs of diabetes, then diabetes is indicated. . (Wong, Hockenberry, Wilson, 2015) Unable to remember the diagnostic study from when LF was diagnosed, they were able to tell me the continued testing that they do currently. Child gets her blood sugar** checked continuously throughout the day and sometimes in the middle of the night in order to prevent of catch highs and lows. Every three months, the child goes to see her pediatrician in Peoria that specializes in Diabetes and gets labs** drawn. Other than that, the family noted no other testing or procedures done regarding the child’s Type I diabetes.
The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, in the pancreas, are responsible for the regulation and secretion of insulin (8). The release of insulin from beta cells is stimulated when blood sugar levels rise (3, 6). In T2 diabetes, peripheral tissues, such as muscle and adipose tissue, become resistant to insulin, due to a lowered number of insulin receptors in the tissue, defective activation of the receptors or a combination of both (3). This decrease in sensitivity of peripheral tissues is one of the earliest pathophysiological changes to occurs in T2 diabetes (1, 2, 9). When these cells lose sensitivity to insulin, beta cells are increasingly stimulated to secrete more insulin, to maintain normal blood glucose levels, resulting in hyperinsulinemia (3, 9). This hypersecretion of insulin into circulation as compensation for tissue resistance, places excessive demand and stress on the beta cells, resulting in a deterioration in their ability to normally function (2, 5, 8). As insulin resistance worsens, progressive functional loss of beta cells occurs, eventually resulting in their failure (3, 6, 8). This progressive damage to pancreatic beta cells results in a decrease in insulin secretion into circulation, resulting in an increase in blood glucose levels (1). When failure occurs, the body can no longer
means that the acutal blood glucose levfels are higher than normal but low enough to not be
Type II diabetes can develop from a variety of sources which may or may not act in conjunction with each other; some of these are: poor diet, family history, low activity levels, ethnicity. Symptoms for Type II diabetes often develop slowly ...
Social issues of having type 2 diabetes can also affect family members like if someone had a kid and they have type 2 diabetes, there would be chance that the kid would also have some effect those effects can be when the child when the child is born or later sometime in their life. More social issue you can face when you have type 2 diabetes is that you always have to watch out for what you eating because even a little change in your diet can occur very badly to your body when you have type to diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can harm people of all ages and in all different countries.
With Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas usually produces some insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it. Insulin resistance, or lack of sensitivity to insulin, happens primarily in fat, liver, and muscle cells.
In conclusion, diabetes is a serious disease and can be life threatening. With the right research and implementation of new studies diabetes can be reduced among the populations. We as a people need to realize this epidemic and all get together and beat it. Restaurants need to stop putting chemicals and unnecessary fats in their food. Not only diabetics but everyone should educate themselves on what is going in your body when you eat. Also, exercising and getting off the couch, in children, needs to be addressed and that alone would help reduce diabetes in the younger population. I can’t stress enough on education. If you know what you are eating or how you are exercising you protect yourself from poor health and live a great life. Type 2 diabetes can be dwindled down with a conscious individual and group effort.