Tuberculosis as (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is slow growing bacteria that thrive in areas of the body that are rich in blood and oxygen, such as the lungs. Tuberculosis develops when Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria are inhaled into the lungs. The infection usually stays in the lungs, but the bacteria can travel through the bloodstream to other parts of the body.
Symptoms of active tuberculosis in the lungs begin gradually and develop over a period of weeks or months. You could have one or two mild symptoms and not even know that you have the disease. Some of the symptoms are a cough with thick, cloudy and sometimes bloody mucus from the lungs for more than 2 weeks.
Fever, chills, and night sweats. Fatigue and weakness. Loss of appetite and weight loss. Shortness of breath and chest pain.
A reaction to a tuberculin skin test is how most people find out if they have tuberculosis. It takes 48 hours after the test for a reaction to develop, which is a red bump where the needle went in. Doctors can diagnose tuberculosis from the results of a chest x-ray o...
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a very common hospital acquired infection, especially in pediatric intensive care units, ranking as the second most common (Foglia, Meier, & Elward, 2007). It is defined as pneumonia that develops 48 hours or more after mechanical ventilation begins. A VAP is diagnosed when new or increase infiltrate shows on chest radiograph and two or more of the following, a fever of >38.3C, leukocytosis of >12x10 9 /mL, and purulent tracheobronchial secretions (Koenig & Truwit, 2006). VAP occurs when the lower respiratory tract that is sterile is introduced microorganisms are introduced to the lower respiratory tract and parenchyma of the lung by aspiration of secretions, migration of aerodigestive tract, or by contaminated equipment or medications (Amanullah & Posner, 2013). VAP occurs in approximately 22.7% of patients who are receiving mechanical ventilation in PICUs (Tablan, Anderson, Besser, Bridges, & Hajjeh, 2004). The outcomes of VAP are not beneficial for the patient or healthcare organization. VAP adds to increase healthcare cost per episode of between $30,000 and $40,000 (Foglia et al., 2007) (Craven & Hjalmarson, 2010). This infection is also associated with increase length of stay, morbidity and high crude mortality rates of 20-50% (Foglia et al., 2007)(Craven & Hjalmarson, 2010). Currently, the PICU has implemented all of the parts of the VARI bundle except the daily discussion of readiness to extubate. The VARI bundle currently includes, head of the bed greater then or equal to 30 degrees, use oral antiseptic (chlorhexidine) each morning, mouth care every 2 hours, etc. In the PICU at children’s, the rates for VAP have decreased since the implementation of safety ro...
There are two types of Tuberculosis: Latent TB infection and TB disease. Latent TB is the infection that occurs in a patient who has not been previously exposed to the disease and has not been sensitized. TB Disease occurs when the immune system is not able to fend off the disease and the bacteria become active and multiply. Of patients who contract the disease, approximately 5% of them actually develop TB to the full extent.
Most patients may begin with symptoms of a runny nose, cold or sinusitis that continue to persist longer than normal upper respiratory infections and fail to respond to therapeutic measures. Even though, not all patients experience all of the symptoms, the severity of the disease is different for each patient. Other symptoms can include: arthritic joint pain, blood in urine, cough (with or without presence of blood), fever, inflammation of the ear with hearing problems, inflammation of the eye with vision problems, lack of energy, loss of appetite, nasal membrane ulcerations and crusting, night sweats, numbness of limbs, pleuritis (inflammation of the lining of the lung), rash and/or skin sores, saddle-nose deformity, weakness, fatigue, and weight
My disease is Streptococcal pneumonia or pneumonia is caused by the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is present in human’s normal flora, which normally doesn’t cause any problems or diseases. Sometimes though when the numbers get too low it can cause diseases or upper respiratory tract problems or infections (Todar, 2008-2012). Pneumonia caused by this pathogen has four stages. The first one is where the lungs fill with fluid. The second stage causes neutrophils and red blood cells to come to the area which are attracted by the pathogen. The third stage has the neutrophils stuffed into the alveoli in the lungs causing little bacteria to be left over. The fourth stage of this disease the remaining residue in the lungs are take out by the macrophages. Aside from these steps pneumonia follows, if the disease should persist further, it can get into the blood causing a systemic reaction resulting in the whole body being affected (Ballough). Some signs and symptoms of this disease are, “fever, malaise, cough, pleuritic chest pain, purulent or blood-tinged sputum” (Henry, 2013). Streptococcal pneumonia is spread through person-to-person contact through aerosol droplets affecting the respiratory tract causing it to get into the human body (Henry, 2013).
Tuberculosis or TB is an airborn infection caused by inhaled droplets that contain mycobacterium tuberculosis. When infected, the body will initiate a cell-mediated hypersensitivity response which leads to formation of lesion or cavity and positive reaction to tuberculin skin test (Kaufman, 2011). People who have been infected with mycobacteria will have a positive skin test, but only ones who have active TB will show signs and symtoms. Basic signs and symptoms include low grade fever, cough with hemoptysis, and tachypnea. They may also show pleuristic chest pain, dyspnea, progressive weight loss, fatigue and malaise (Porth, 2011).
Symptoms and signs of possible severe illness (such as unusual lethargy, uncontrolled coughing, irritability, persistent crying, difficult breathing, wheezing, or other unusual signs)- until medical evaluation allows inclusion;
Tuberculosis is an air-borne disease, hence, it can be passed from an infected person to a healthy individual through coughing, sneezing and other salivary secretions. Tuberculosis is caused by the transfer of Mycobacteriun Tuberculosis (M. Tuberculosis) also known as Tubercle Bacillus, a small particle of 1-5 microns in diameter, due to the small size, when an infected person sneezes or coughs, about 3,000 particles are expelled. M. Tuberculosis responsible for tuberculosis is able to stay in the air for a long period of time (about 6hoursAnother way of acquiring Tuberculosis is by drinking unpasteurized milk, milk straight from cow, although this is not a common mode of transmission, it can be found in rural areas. Ingestion of contaminated cow milk transmits Mycobacterium Bovis, the animal form which is still potent enough to cause tuberculosis in humans. ). Tuberculosis transmission is affected by exposure, socioeconomic status of person, proximity, immune status of uninfected individual (%&&%&? CDC).
People affected with Legionnaires disease often have signs and symptoms extremely similar to signs associated with the flu, such as muscle aches, headaches, loss of appetite, and cough. Fevers tend to get high, ranging from temperatures of 102-105 degrees. Symptoms of Legionnaires disease usually do not show up until 2-10 days after a person is infected with the bacteria, and people normally experience other symptoms such as diarrhea and stomach cramps. Pontiac Fever, also known to be associate...
There are many symptoms such as: high fever, delirium, vomiting, muscle pain, bleeding from the lungs, mental confusion, being tired, weakness, and heavily sweating. When victims start to get these symptoms, it is most likely that they have the disease. After catching the disease people on average only survived for two to four more days. It was rare that the disease spread from person to person. Most cases it is when a human gets bit by an infected flea containing the disease. (The Black Death 245)
Bacterial pneumonia also known as Streptococcus pneumoniae is pneumonia caused by a Gram-positive bacterium that often lives in the throat of people who do not have pneumonia bacteria.When the inflammation caused by pneumonia occurs in the alveoli (microscopic air sacs in the lungs), they fill with fluid. The lungs lose elasticity and cannot take oxygen into the blood, or remove carbon dioxide from the blood, as efficiently as usual. When the alveoli has trouble work efficiently, one’s lungs has to work even harder to make up for the lack of work that the alveoli is not putting out to put so your body can receive the oxygen it had trouble getting. This causes the feeling of being short of breath, which is one of the most common symptoms of
This patient is a 62-year-old female who required inpatient hospitalization due to right-sided empyema questionable secondary to community-acquired pneumonia versus aspiration pneumonia. Ms. W was transferred patient from Mercy Folsom for her right-sided empyema to the Emergency Department. She presented to Mercy Folsom with 4-weeks history of shortness of breath and cough as well as chest pain. She went to her primary care physician, and she was given Z-Pak at that time but her symptoms were not resolving. A chest x-ray was done, and she was informed that there was no evidence of pneumonia. Then, she was given cough medication and inhaler for possible COPD, but her symptoms were still not improving. She went again to her primary care physician
Tuberculosis is transmitted by inhalation of aerosols containing the tubercle bacilli. The required inoculum size for infection is usually high, but easily occurs with exposure to a patient who is currently infected. The products of dried aerosols, droplet nuclei, are particularly infectious because they remain in the air for an extended time, and upon inhalation easily move to the alveoli. The severe damage related to infection is caused by the reaction of the host. The tuberculosis infection has two phases, primary and secondary.
Active tuberculosis only develops in about 10% of infected persons, remaining dormant in the rest; although the latent infection may later progress to active disease years later, especially in immune-compromised individuals. 9 Infection by MTBC may involve any organ of the body, but clinical presentation is most common in the lungs (pulmonary TB). General symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and severe cough with bloody sputum (hemoptysis) which may lead to death if untreated. 10 Mortality rates without treatment are high: in a study of natural history of TB in HIV-negative patients, 70% died within 10 years. 11 Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in the world...
The first thing to know about tuberculosis is that it affects your lungs and doesn’t always show symptoms. When one develops tuberculosis and doesn’t show
7.) Shiel, Jr., MD, FACP, FACR , William C.. Tuberculosis Skin Test. 18 Sept 2005 MedicineNet, Inc.. 23 July 2006 .