Contextual Challenges of TransJakarta Since operated in 2004, TransJakarta as the largest Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in the world serving around 350.000 passengers per day through the length of 241 km on purpose to solve the chronic traffic congestion of Jakarta (Winarto 2013). During nine years operated within 12 corridors and 25 routes, TransJakarta have much outwork be bound to rectify, mainly in their intern organization part which influence their market orientation outlook (Winarto 2013). One of cue a greater market orientation implied from declining of customers complaint parallel with the rise of eagerness customers take TransJakarta as their lifestyle (UITP 2010). Contextual to these idea there are many challenges to realize sustainable future for TransJakarta.
Within the transform and of Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) under Jakarta Municipal Government into city owned enterprise (BUMD) as initiaton pace exteriorize a decent bureaucracy which market oriented and resulted in public service improvement in all transportation sector (Global Mass Transit Report 2013). Started with an effective and efficient design of routes, shelter, bus operator bidding process until payment system reflected the way of TransJakarta towards better management which more market oriented, transparency and responsiveness (Global Mass Transit Report 2013). The reform should at least represent six process of initiation stage based on Gebhardt et al. (2006) related with the value (proposition and delivery system), technology involved (communication and information), safety and appurtenant organization. This new form of organization enable much more customer focus with simplicity in coordination among each parties (Kohli and Jaworsky 1990).
Competitive working environment expected to attained within Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) as TransJakarta public authority. Since the members of the
Malintzin, also known as La Malinche, played an important and vital role in the European conquest of the Aztec Empire. During her participation in the conquest, Indians and Spaniards alike respected her. Yet in the 19th and 20th century, historians and critics labeled her as a traitor or a victim of Spanish cruelty. In this essay, I will discuss the historical legacy of La Malintzin. I argue that she was not a traitor or a victim, but one of the great “deciders” of history. Without the help of Malintzin, the conquistadors would have never gotten as far as they did. They were in awe of her as evidenced by their annals and even the survivors portrayed her as a powerful figure. In the end, we have made her what we want her to be even though the historical evidence is strong in supporting the idea of her importance in Latin American history.
Any judgment of the internal financing capability of a municipality is, therefore, a judgment on its governance standards. A better governed municipality implies better information availability, better assessment capability and better collection efficiencies that are then reflected in the quantum of revenues generated through internal financial support levers. Consequently, any effort to significantly get better the infrastructure provision scenario in Gimbi town will need to begin by giving a significant push to improving the assessment, enforcement and collection of internal revenue levers (Anand Sahasranaman & Vishnu Prasad, 2014). According to the report of Gimbi town Municipality, annual average revenue is only 5.6 million. This indicates that there is a problem of exhaustively use of the resource and in efficient revenue collection from the identified
The Balkan Peninsula has many physical features, but there are three main ones, they are the fact that it is a peninsula, its mountains, and its rivers. Within the Balkan Peninsula there are a good majority of ethnicities. There will be a majority of instances that the geography has helped or hindered certain peoples in the Balkans history.
Transport is a political factor as it is controlled and affected by legislation. This will impact on the staff and opponents (travelling to the stadium) as the accessibility of transport will impact on travelling times – both positively (may avoid traffic on a train e.g.) and negatively (trains, buses etc. may be cancelled or delayed). The price of transportation will also affect the mode of transport that these groups of people may use. Similarly, price and accessibility of transport will affect the consumers also. The view that consumers hold on transport, therefore, is likely to impact on the business i.e. effort to travel, money to travel etc. as this will influence how often they will visit, what they will spend during their visit etc. According to (Mintel 2011,) the amount of people using train as a mode of transport is on the rise, mea...
The applying of this approach in the public sector implied a shift from Traditional Management, to different ways of seeing bureaucracy, pointing out the mistakes and failures of the previous policies in this sector, with the believe on the fact that skillful public managers with an entrepreneurial view bring value to the public sector (Moore, 1995). The key point is the shift of the paradigm, changing the public administration for the public management. Bringing the public sector to play along in the markets with competitive skills, along with the private sector, regarding services’ provision to the clients, characterized by quality and out-comings. The main change between the traditional approach and the NPM can be seen through the relation of the next chart (Figure 1).
Chechnya is situated in the Caucasus Mountains, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. It is surrounded by Dagestan to the east, Georgia and South Ossetia to the south, Russia to the north and North Ossetia in the west. Chechnya is rich in mineral oil and produced twenty million tons per year before the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 created the opportunity for the Russian provinces to declare their independence. The Russian government managed to keep its control of all states apart from Chechnya, which, under the new president Dzhokhar Dudayev, declared independence in October 1991.
...r pillars of public administration are equally important in the process of public administration and complement one another in the provision of quality public service. When public administrators have economy in mind they focus on the best combination of available resources to provide optimum public service. To ensure that public service is not limited to only a section of the public, the issue of equity is taken into consideration so that public interest is realized. Efficiency and effectiveness additionally go hand in hand in ensuring that allocated resources are used in the best possible manner to attain set goals. Thus whereas the first three public administration pillars – Economy, efficiency and effectiveness are concerned with how public service is provided the fourth and most recent addition (Equity) concerns with for whom public service is provided.
Public transportation is an essential part of a city. A good public transit can encourage a city’s economic activities and can provide its citizen a convenient life. Does our Phoenix public transit work well? Does it provide sufficient service to the citizen? From my experience, the answer is no. This November I tried to attend the popular State Fair in Phoenix. However, I found that there were not any buses or metros could take me to the fair directly. It means I need 2 hours or more spend on the public transits. As the sixth most populous city nationwide (“Phoenix Quick Fact” 1), compared with Los Angeles and other big cities in America, Phoenix’s public transportation is indeed subpar. Due to Los Angeles has 154 bus lines and 30 metros (“Schedule”), New York has 316 bus lines and 28 subways(“Maps & Timetables”), while Phoenix only has 98 bus lines, and the number of metro line is only one! (“Route Schedules & Maps”) The problem is
According to Sapru R.K. (2008) p370-371 the traditional ideal of public administration which inclined to be firm and bureaucratic was based on processes instead of outcomes and on setting procedures to follow instead of focusing on results. This paradigm can be regarded as an administration under formal control of the political control, constructed on a firmly ranked model of bureaucracy, run by permanent and neutral public servants, driven only by public concern. In emerging nations the administration was true bureaucracy meaning government by officers. In this perspective Smith (1996) p235-6 perceived that“the bureaucracy controls and manages the means of production through the government. It increases chances for bureaucratic careers by the creation of public figures,demanding public managers, marketing boards.
Urbanisation is an indispensable component of Economic Development, but along with it arrives in all allied problems. With the increase in urbanization trends the towns and cities not just becomes more densely populated but also they expand geographically. This process of urbanization creates a huge gap between the supply and demand of urban infrastructure and services. This leads to overstressed basic infrastructure services in urban areas. To cope up with these problems the urban local bodies will have to scale up in their capacity to provide adequate infrastructure facilities such as water supply, sewerage system, sanitation, solid waste management, housing and roads in the existing urban areas as well as in new areas. Such haphazard development otherwise poses to severe health and economic risks to the entire community.
Most people take the urban public transportation system for granted. It is used in every aspect of our daily lives: work, education, medical necessities, recreation, etc. It is also important for the transportation of goods and services, which aids the growth and maintenance of our economy. Urban public transportation is the critical component of our quality of life and economic stability. The MBTA, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, is Boston and Eastern Massachusetts’s major transportation service. The MBTA has played a central role in the development of Boston and surrounding cities and towns for more than a century; providing service from 175 cities and towns into Boston. On an average weekday over 1.2 million trips are made on the subway, buses, commuter lines and other services in the mass transit system. With an international airport, a ship port, the highways, and the rail lines to connect regional cities and towns to national and international destinations and markets, Boston’s urban public transportation system has made the region’s growing role in the global economy possible.
6.It is political direction, that gives public administration it’s special character. Politics is at the core of the public administration and at higher echelons the civil servants must have the text and mature understanding to work and live with politicians. This speciality of public administration marks it out clearly from business
... employees who have served in the public sector for a long time and the young high-flyers officers who attain high ranking positions in short time. In addition, the government can offer a lump sum bonus to the junior level employees who have stay in the public sector long enough every few years. This signals the employees that the government does appreciate their contribution and is rewarding them for their loyalty. In conclusion, meritocracy has proven its success in attracting qualified candidates to join the public sector and ensure the continuation of high performance of public sector. Yet, it is the government obligation to take care of the benefits of the junior level employees to sustain harmonious relationship between the senior and junior level civil servants. So, the whole public sector will remain united and they will work together to develop the country.
The New Public Management plays a valuable role as a policy tool and as a means by which to advance rhetoric of efficiency, prudence and efficacy in state management, at a time when these values had re-emerged as a primary driving force behind mass-liberation of national economies and the international political economy in general . This new policy was implemented with a mind to change the old running of the public sector into a new form by imitating the business style of the private sector. This is because some of the politicians felt that the public servants lucked the drive and determination of the many citizens that worked outside of the public sector. So the idea was to become more like the private sector in terms of implementing better services to the citizens, as well as being more challenging when producing policies which conflict with others in the public sector. One of the major reasons why this policy gained more than enough support in earlier years was as a result of the Cold War.
As a contemporary paradigm of public administration, New Public Management (NPM) unveils the failures and inadequacies of public sector performance over time, and the traditional public administration. It has been established as a summary description of the way of fine structuring the public sector bodies, to bring their management approaches in close proximity to business methods.