Introduction
Good afternoon everyone and welcome to this week’s meeting of Haematology for Humans. The topic we will be discussing today is Thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia (a low platelet count) can affect anyone of you here today which makes it a significant issue in community health. Thrombocytes or platelets are small fragments made during the process of thrombopoiesis. This process can sometimes be disrupted or damaged in conditions such as Cancer, Autoimmune disorder or clotting disease to name a few, we will discuss these later. How long the thrombocytopenia lasts is dependent on the underlying condition. This also makes diagnosis difficult as thrombocytopenia often occurs secondary to another disease or disorder. It can be fatal as severe bleeding can occur if not diagnosed which makes regular monitoring critical and a reason for us to discuss it today.
Thrombopoiesis and Thrombocytopenia
In the average human body there is between 150x103uL and 450x103uL platelets. A platelet is an anucleate (no nucleus), small cell (2.5um). Each platelet has a lifespan of approximately 10 days which means that the body is constantly replenishing its
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In autoimmune disorders the body’s immune cells are known to attack its own healthy cells, so in thrombocytopenia cases the body destroys its platelets. For example these disorders include Immune Thrombocytopenia, Lupus and Rheumatoid arthritis. Other things known to increase platelet destruction are certain medication, blood poisoning bacterial infections, or viral infections such as CMV and mononucleious. Also it can effect a minor proportion of healthy pregnant women, they will develop a mild case but this is not cause for concern unless the condition persists and becomes Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Symptoms and Causes Thrombocytopenia leads to excessive or unexplained bruising, nose bleeds, and severe bleeding that does not stop immediately. This can cause internal bleeding and extends to severe brain bleeds.... ... middle of paper ... ... 2. 2-3 Cohen, R., Garcia, C.A., Mena, D., Castellanos, M., Wu, L.T. April 2012 -. “Case Review: Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura.”
In some cases, this infection can cause a dangerous complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
If this happens, their immune system will develop antibodies against factor VIII. These antibodies will inhibit the ability of the factor to work in the clotting process. The higher the antibody or inhibitor level, the more factor VIII replacement therapy it takes to overcome the inhibition and produce clotting. This can complicate the treatment of a bleed. The good news is that there are different types of therapies available to successfully treat most individuals who develop inhibitors.
The next stage in myocardial infarction is the formation of thrombus. Exposure of the subendothelial matrix of the plaque to blood due to superficial abrasion generates platelet activation and aggregation. Clotting factors on the platelet membrane carry out reaction which release prothrombin activator, this activator then converts prothrombin to enzyme thrombin. The transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin is then catalysed by thrombin. During proteolysis (the breaks down of protein), fibrinogen is converted to fibrin strands which stabilize the final blood clot. Complete occlusion of coronary artery by thrombus disrupts blood flow and causes ischemia due to atherosclerotic coronary artery steno...
...se it eventually kills. I learned about Lupus from my mother who struggles to be healthy on a daily basis and also from my aunt who thought she was dying from Liver failure, but it was the Lupus that eventually killed her. I only hope that you have come to understand Lupus and the unpredictable nature that accompanies it.
The patient has noted that over the past several weeks that he discovered more bruises or even ecchymosis all over his body. The patient has found small red marks around his eyes, the next morning. The patient was self-diagnosing himself, however due to the doctors, the patient has thrombocytopenia that he diagnoses with recently. Thrombocytopenia is a blood disorder that has insufficient platelets in the blood stream. The disease is one of the most common results that are in hospital patients who tend to bleed, then it will stop bleeding and clump up the blood vessels. If any reason an individual platelet falls below normal, then the condition will develop called Thrombocytopenia. The cause of this disorder, (Thrombocytopenia, n.d.) “thrombocytopenia can be inherited or it can be caused by numerous conditions or even drugs”. Thrombocytopenia symptoms are from; bruising, an enlarged spleen. Excessive bleeding on the menstrual cycle, nose bleeds, and jaundice. The enlarged spleen has too many platelets causing it to decrease. The disease also consists of leukemia or a viral infection. The increased breakdown that is caused by some things with the condition. Also serve options lead to a transfusion or finding an underlying. Nevertheless, thrombocytopenia cannot be prevented although, at the same time some conditions of thrombocytopenia can be avoided. By avoiding alcohol and if a person
Hemophillia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. Hemophillia is usually inherited and people born with it have little or no clotting factor (a protein needed for normal blood clotting). These proteins work together with platelets to help the blood clot. When blood vessels are injured, clotting factors help platelets stick together to plug cuts and breaks on the vessels. Hemophillia usually occurs in males with about 1 in every 5 000 males being born with the disease each year. A hemophiliac does not bleed more intensely than a person without it but can bleed for a much longer time. In some severe cases, continuous bleeding occurs after minor trauma or can even happen spontaneously.They may also bleed inside their body(internally), especially in the knees, ankles, and elbows. The bleeding can damage organs and tissues and may be life threatening. There are two main types of hemophilia: A and B. People born with type A are missing or have low levels of clotting factor VIII (1 in 5 000 males). People born with type B are missing or have low levels of clotting factor IX (1 in 20 000 males). About 8 out of 10 people who have hemophillia have type A. The greatest concern for both types is deep internal bleeding and bleeding into joints. Hemophilia is a life long disease, but with proper treatment and self-care, most people maintain an active productive lifestyle.
Today i'm going to be talking about Hemophilia and the general overview of it. I will also talk about any potential cures. I will be talking about what Hempohilia can do to your body. I will also be talking about if theres a cure or just a treatment to make it less worse. I will also be talking about how people with Hemophilia deal with this disease. I will also explain how people will benefit from extended research on thi s topic. I’ll also talk about my personal opininon on this topic and what I think about it. So for my first question I’m explaining what the characteristics of Hemophilia are. The characteristics of Hemophilia are not very deadly but can be very annoying I’ll also explan the genetic causes of this disease.
If I could have everyone's attention. Good-morning ladies and gentlemen. For those of you who don't know me my name is Jasmine Davenport. Today I’d like to discuss traumatic brain injury also referred to as TBI. I chose this topic because traumatic brain injury is a serious and complex injury with a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. Traumatic brain injury effects people of all ages and is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. A traumatic brain injury can be caused by a blow or jolt to the head that disrupts normal functions of the brain Also, traumatic brain injury can cause physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral affects.
...BeAg), bilirubin level, and platelet count (Pyrsopoulos and Reddy). The disease prognosis can be done by calculating the prognostic index based on the status of these six variables.
In septic patients, increased levels of PAI-1 inhibit plasminogen activator (t-PA), which converts plasminogen to plasmin. Release of fibrin inhibits fibrinolysis by activation of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). In addition, the release of PAF causes platelet aggregation. This combination of inhibition of fibrinolysis, fibrin strand production and platelet aggregation contribute to a state of coagulopathy. This can lead to microcirculatory dysfunction with isolated or multiple organ dysfunction and cell death. Mr Hertz’s coagulation profile showed a fibrinogen level of 5.6 g/L, indicating that coagulopathies were underway in his system.
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital is a non-profit organization that has three pillars that they strive to achieve every day, as well as give everyone the opportunity to help out these sick children and their families.
On average, one American dies from stroke every 4 minutes. Every year, more than 795,000 people in the United States have a stroke. Stroke is one of the top leading causes of death and long-term disability in the United States. Stroke kills almost 130,000 Americans each year—that’s 1 out of every 20 deaths. On average, one American dies from stroke every 4 minutes. Every year, more than 795,000 people in the United States have a stroke. With proper care and awareness strokes can be prevented because you can identify signs of stroke, take medications, and live a healthy lifestyle.
Platelets, which are also produced in the bone barrow, are checked on a Complete Blood Count with Differential. Platelets help stop bleeding from injury by creating clots. If your CBC blood test shows low platelet levels, you might be more susceptible to bleeding. High platelet levels could mean that you have an increased risk of internal clots.
Specific Purpose Statement: To inform the audience about the criteria for becoming a blood donor