Three Aspects of Leadership

The contingency theory takes a wide view including contingent factors about leader capability and the situation Contingency theories also contend that a leadership style that is effective in some situations may not be successful in others. In other words, the optimal leadership style is contingent upon various internal and external constraints. These constraints may include: the size of the firm, how it adapts to its situation, differences among resources and operations activities, managerial assumptions about employees, strategies, technologies used. Contingency theory of leadership The function of various contingencies in the form of subordinate, the success of the leader is, task, and group variables. The effectiveness of a given pattern of leader behavior can be dependent upon demands imposed by the situation.

Building credibility and trust are the foremost characteristics of leadership (Winston & Pattersom, 2006). Difference between Leadership and Management Leadership and management are considered as overlapping concepts because leadership is one of the dimensions of management. Many academic professionals, theorists and researchers are of the view that the difference between leadership and management is important and that both the terms should not be used interchangeably. Leaders set new goals and vision for a group of people that are following them, they are pioneer in setting new directions for their group. On the other hand managers control the people and give them directions to follow and these directions are already developed by the organization which they are managing (Myers, 1995).

Stakeholder Theory. REtrioeved July 1, 2010 from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Sel-Str/Stakeholder-Theory.html Phillips, R. (2003). Stakeholder theory and organizational ethics. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Werther, W.B.

Transformational leadership: The impact on organizational and personal outcomes. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 1(1), pp. 4-24. Retrieved from http://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/elj/issue1/ELJ_V1Is1_Givens.pdf Hacker, S., Roberts, T. (2004) Transformational leadership – Creating organizations of meaning. Wilwaukee, WI: The American Society for Quality.

The art and science of leadership (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Ogawa, R. T., & Bossert, S. T. (1995). Leadership as an organizational quality. Educational Administration Quarterly, 31(2), 224-243. doi: 10.1177/0013161X95031002004 Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in organizations (6th ed.).

Honestly, it was not easy to understand and recognize the roles of a leader and of a manager because both exist within the same department or organization. In fact, the leadership and management roles need to be differentiated and clarified. The roles’ clarification not only helps the employees to address their concerns to the appropriate higher-level “boss”, but also is crucial in making the organization’s strategies successful. This paper presents the historical definition of leadership and management as well as the differences between the two. Historical definition of leadership There were many conceptions in the past that have described the leadership.

Leadership and management are two words that are used interchangeably. However, these words actually describe two different concepts. Leadership is just one of the many assets a successful manager must possess. The main aim of a manager is to maximize the output of the organization through administrative implementation. To achieve this, managers must use organizing, planning, staffing, directing, and controlling but a manager cannot just be a leader, he/she also needs formal authority to be effective.

Obviously, in order to obtain these roles, one must have influence over their subordinates, but does the level of influence fluctuate between a manager’s role and a leaders role? What exactly are their individual roles and are they one in the same? The purpose of this paper is to analysis these questions and to distinguish the differences and similarities between managers and leaders and the possibility of one individual possessing both titles. Roles What constitutes leadership? To be a leader, one must have followers and following is a voluntary action.

Retrieved 2014 from http://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/a/leadstyles.htm Northouse, P. G. (2012). Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Riggio, R. E., (2008). Introduction to Industrial/Organizational Psychology, 5/E, Pearson-Prentice Hall

Retrieved Jan. 25, 2011, from managers-net.com: http://www.managers-net.com/Biography/mcgregor.html Kelly, E. P. (2000). Douglas McGregor, revisited: Managing the human side of the enterprise. Academy of Management Executive,14(3), 143-145. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com Kopelman, R. E., Prottas, D. J., & Davis, A. L. (2008). Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Y: Toward a construct-valid measure.