Studies done by Sirirugsa (1999) detailed that Zingiberaceae consists of 1,500 species around the world. In Malaysia there are 650 species growing well involving 25 genera. Zingiber zerumbet (Z. zerumbet) is most popular among the species in this family. Malaysians are more familiar with this plant as 'lempoyang' by the Malays, 'Qiu Hong Jiang' by the Chinese and Indians as 'narkuchur'. Many researchers interested in reviewing this plant because its advantages. This plant is much use as a food, spices, dye, perfumes, toiletries, nutraceutical and cosmetics products. Moreover, it is also rich in phytochemical contents that can prevent and treat disease. This plant first attracted public attention in Malaysia when in 2011, a study conducted at University Putra Malaysia (UPM) for the prevention of cervical cancer without any side effects (Abdelwahab, 2011).
Many researchers have studied this from the standpoint of plant phytochemicals such as studies on the essential oil composition Z. zerumbet studied as early as 1943 by Varier. Followed by a very high content zerumbone (Hasnah, 1991), (Vahirua et al., 1993; Srivastava et al., 2000; Murakami et al., 2002; Yu et al., 2010) including humulene, Cambrian, camphene, borneol and camphor (Okamoto et al., 2011). Phytochemical content in Z.zerumbet a plant capable of making a high content of antioxidants and could be potentially induced nephrotoxicity; relieve some pain condition (Abdul Hamid et al., 2012).
This plant is beneficial to humans to improve the quality of health, but the quantity and quality of its influenced by various factors such as environmental factors. Right handling in postharvest is very important to maximize phytochemical composition. It is influenced by several facto...
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...were subject to two different drying methods: (1) oven-drying and (2) freeze-drying. Each drying method, 1kg of rhizomes was used. Rhizomes were oven dried using Memmert model 800 for 31 hours at temperature 50oC. In the freeze drying, the samples were lyophilized overnight in a vacuum flask at 0.125 bars and -50oC in freeze dryer (Labconco). The drying condition employed in each method after achieving a percentage moisture content <10%.
3.2.3 Essential oil extraction
Sample of 400g fresh rhizome using 2L of distilled water and 100g dried sample using 5L of distilled water was extracted using hydro-distillation with modified Clevenger type glass apparatus for 4 hours in isolation of oil separately. The oil samples were stored at room temperature (25±1oC) in airtight amber vials after drying them over anhydrous sodium sulfate before going into GC_MS analysis.
Today, many people around the world smoke marijuana for therapy or recreation, which is grown from nature, but in some countries, nature is illegal, except a substance which is legal: alcohol. In fact, Marijuana or Marihuana from Spanish language also can be known as cannabis, hemp, weed, and pot. Marijuana is a dry, shredded green and brown mix of leaves, flowers, stem, and seeds from the hemp plant, whose scientific name is Cannabis sativa (National Institute Drug Abuse, 2012). Marijuana has a long history of use as a medicinal herb, and the use has been expended around the world from China to India and the North Africa and leaded to Europe for thousands of years. They also have several different cultures in various ways. For example, it was recorded as medication to treat many kinds of health problems by the Chinese, and the earliest fabric and rope were believed that it has been woven from dried hemp, and around 6000 B.C., marijuana seeds were used as food in China (Canadian medicinal Marijuan, 2010). The Persian prophet Zoroaster also wrote a sacred text on “the Zend-Avesta”, which listed that marijuana was at the top from 10000 medicinal plants in 550 B.C. (Canadian, medicinal Marijuana, 2010). The marijuana has been adapted in people’ lifestyles and social environment over thousand years.
In this experiment, I have determined the structure of the major component of star anise oil, by oxidizing anise with potassium permanganate and confirming the final product by taking its melting point. While performing the experiment, I have recollected how to use blue lithmus paper to determine acidity of solution; pH paper to test the exact pH. Also, I have reviewed how to analyze Infrared Spectra.
The crude extract obtained by solvent extraction was subjected to various qualitative tests to detect the presence of common chemical constituents as:
But with a growing evidence that wild edible plants are often superior in comparison to processed foods (Somnasang and Moreno-Black, 2000), provide substantial nutritional and dietary benefits in remote rural areas to tribal populations (Sundriyal and Sundriyal, 2001) and can be used to prevent chronic and under nutrition diseases (Green, 1993) ethno botanical studies are becoming increasingly important (Sundriyal and Sundriyal 2000, 2004; Bhattarai and Chaudhary, 2009). The role of ethno-medicinal plants as the prerequisite of culturally pertinent and economically affordable health care in creating both sustainable livelihoods and the critical conservation of biodiversity is gaining an unprecedented importance and consequently a strong emphasis has now been laid on the need to broaden the biological diversity in human nutrition as well as to document and conserve the indigenous knowledge associated with these plants (Javaid M Dad,
Lindberg, D. (n.d.). Herbal Medicine: MedlinePlus. U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/herbal
The effectiveness of any plant is not due to the action of any one chemical as modern science would have you believe. When plants are synthesized in a lab, they are analyzed to find their most potent and active components. The rest of the plant is left behind. What science is forgetting is that each leaf, stem, flower and root work in their own unique way to deliver what is need to the body.
Design: Botanical chemical constituents were identified from the Natural Products Alert Database for the periods coverings at least 1975 through 2003. This database includes
Alexiades, Dr. Miguel. Book Review: A Field Guide to Medicinal and Useful Plants of the
Clove is a renowned spice which is widely used in cuisines around the world. The natural end product of this nail like spice is of dark brown color. The word clove is derived from a Latin word “clavus” which means “nail”. It originates seven thousand and five hundred years BC back. Due to its unbelievable functions and amazing benefits it can be also called “the wonder spice”. A clove contains an oily compound beneath its hard exterior. This chemical compound “eugenol” is responsible for most of its miraculous advantages. Clove trees are cultivated in Madagascar only for medical purposes. Most people are still unaware of its importance, benefits and uses. Ensure limited intake of cloves must be used in minor amount to avoid side effects like dehydration, toxicity etc.
For about thousands of years the mankind has been utilizing the rich sources of flora for various diseases and disorders . Written record shows the usage of plants dates back to at least 5000 years and archeological surveys indicates the usage of the medicinal plants even before that . Greek botanist, Pedanios Dioscorides described about 600 herbs in his book in 78 AD and this treaty remained as a major source of reference for about many centuries on the medicinal plants. The therapeutic action of numerous plants were identified by observations and experimentation and were transmitted from one generation to the other by the by the ancient peoples. Swiss physician - Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, in his “Theory of signatures” informs that the colour, shape, odour and flavor of plants will attribute towards their therapeutically properties and thus gives clues to their clinical importance.
This chapter deals with the results of the experiments which were discussed in above chapter. The applications of ginger oil as edible coating on tomatoes were evaluated.
Today people are becoming more aware of the advantages of using natural health products. Apart from it being a cost-efficient solution to maintain and attain healthier body, the products made from herbal and natural ingredients offer a myriad of benefits compared to those made from chemical and artificial ingredients. The followi...
Frequently a person believes that herbal medicine is more naturally safe and soothing than drugs. Nevertheless, there’s no reasonable defense about this. Though many consumers trusted herbal medicine much more than the synthetic medicine because it’s safe and effective, but like anything else, it has its own limitations too. There are several hostile issues related to herbal medicine that has been quite alarming. Notwithstanding, majority of the most popular herbs are at least nearly safe.
Plants are the primary producers in Earth’s ecosystem. Plants are autotropic, meaning they can produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis and as a result ultimately produce food for the ecosystem’s consumers. Understanding plant function is the key to enhancing crop production, medicine production, preservation of plant bio diversity etc. The plant kingdom is a treasure house of potential drugs and in the recent years there has been an increasing awareness about the importance of medicinal plants. Drugs from the plants are easily available, less expensive, safe, and efficient and rarely have side effects. The plants which have been selected for medicinal use over thousands of years constitute the most obvious choice of examining
World population does not compromise on health issues. Basically perfect health is one of the primary needs of human being and he wants health, wealth and prosperity at a time without any disastrous effect especially on health. Nature fulfills all the vital requirements of human being either in healthy or diseased condition but just need to explore it in time. Moringa oleifera is one of the precious gift of nature to man. It is the member of family Moringaceae, commonly known as ‘sahajan’, Horse radish (portray of its root taste) or drumstick tree (illustrating shape of pods). In Senegal, it is commonly known as "Nebeday" most probably meaning is "never die" because it has ability to survive even in a prolonged period of scanty rainfall (drought) condition and can grow from seed or cutting as well as it has power to rejuvenate itself. It is also called "Miracle tree" or "wonder tree"(Fuglie, 2001). In the Philippines it is most commonly called as “mother's best friend" and "malunggay" because mothers give its cooked leaves to their babies for nutritional purpose(Price and L, 1985). It is mostly present in tropics but native of the western and sub-Himalayan tracts of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Asia Minor, Africa and India (Kumar et al., 2010, Makkar and Becker, 1997). It has valuable medicinal and nutritional value and important member of nature’s pharmacy. Ancient king and queen used Moringa oleifera in their diet for mental alertness and healthy skin since 150B.C (Mahmood et al., 2010). It is present in the list of neutraceuticals(Karim and Azlan, 2012). Its young leaves, pods, flower as well as roots are edible mostly in Asia(Ferreira et al., 2008).