In this experiment, I have determined the structure of the major component of star anise oil, by oxidizing anise with potassium permanganate and confirming the final product by taking its melting point. While performing the experiment, I have recollected how to use blue lithmus paper to determine acidity of solution; pH paper to test the exact pH. Also, I have reviewed how to analyze Infrared Spectra. The final product was p-methoxybenzoic acid and its identity was confirmed by melting point range of 183.6 – 184.8 oC, which closely corresponds to a standard of 185 oC. (Lehman). Since the melting point range is small, it confirms the purity of the product. Since the objective of the experiment was to determine the structure of the major component
The purpose of the Unknown White Compound Lab was to identify the unknown compound by performing several experiments. Conducting a solubility test, flame test, pH paper test, ion test, pH probe test, conductivity probe test, and synthesizing the compound will accurately identified the unknown compound. In order to narrow down the possible compounds, the solubility test was used to determine that the compound was soluble in water. Next, the flame test was used to compare the unknown compound to other known compounds such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium carbonate. The flame test concluded that the cation in the unknown compound was potassium. Following, pH paper was used to determine the compound to be neutral and slightly
The primary goal of this laboratory project was to identify an unknown compound and determine its chemical and physical properties. First the appearance, odor, solubility, and conductivity of the compound were observed and measured so that they could be compared to those of known compounds. Then the cation present in the compound was identified using the flame test. The identity of the anion present in the compound was deduced through a series of chemical tests (Cooper, 2009).
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was employed extensively through want this study to examine and obtain images of prepared samples. The associated analytical facility of Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis was used to identify and quantify the elemental composition of the prepare samples.
The IR spectrum that was obtained of the white crystals showed several functional groups present in the molecule. The spectrum shows weak sharp peak at 2865 to 2964 cm-1, which is often associated with C-H, sp3 hybridised, stretching in the molecule, peaks in this region often represent a methyl group or CH2 groups. There are also peaks at 1369 cm-1, which is associated with CH3 stretching. There is also C=O stretching at 1767 cm-1, which is a strong peak due to the large dipole created via the large difference in electronegativity of the carbon and the oxygen atom. An anhydride C-O resonates between 1000 and 1300 cm-1 it is a at least two bands. The peak is present in the 13C NMR at 1269 and 1299 cm-1 it is of medium intensity.
Ensure gloves are worn at all times when handling strong acids and bases within the experiment of the preparation of benzocaine. 4-aminobenzoic acid (3.0g, 0.022 moles) was suspended into a dry round-bottomed flask (100cm3) followed by methylated sprits (20 cm3). Taking extra care the concentrated sulphuric acid of (3.0 cm3, 0.031 moles) was added. Immediately after the condenser was fitted on, and the components in the flask were swirled gently to mix components. It should be ensured that the reactants of the concentrated sulphuric acid and the 4-aminobenzoic acid were not clustered in the ground glass joint between the condenser itself and the flask. In order to heat the mixture to a boiling point, a heating mantle was used and then further left for gently refluxing for a constituent time of forty minutes. After the duration of the consistent forty minutes the rou...
Solid A was identified to be sodium chloride, solid B was identified to be sucrose, and Solid C was identified to be corn starch. Within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there are results that distinguishes itself from the other 4 experimental results within each test. Such as: the high conductivity and high melting point of sodium chloride, and the iodine reaction of corn starch. Solid A is an ionic compound due to its high melting point and high electrical conductivity (7), within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there is only one ionic compound which is sodium chloride, with the test results of Solid A, it can be concluded that is a sodium chloride. Solid B was identified as sucrose due to its low electrical
The theoretical yield of the m-nitrobenzoate was de-termined to be 4.59 grams. The actual amount of crude product was determined to be 3.11 grams. The percent yield of the crude product was determined to be 67.75 %. The actual amount of pure product formed was found to be 4.38 grams. The percent yield of the pure product was determined to be 95.42%. Regarding the thin layer chromatography, the line from the solvent front was 8 centimeters.
Then the reaction tube was capped but not tightly. The tube then was placed in a sand bath reflux to heat it until a brown color was formed. Then the tube was taken out of the sand bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. Then the tube was shaken until a formation of a white solid at the bottom of the tube. After formation of the white solid, diphenyl ether (2 mL) was added to the solution and heated until the white solid was completely dissolved in the solution. After heating, the tube was cooled to room temperature. Then toluene (2 mL) was added to the solution. The tube was then placed in an ice bath. Then the solution was filtered via vacuum filtration, and there was a formation of a white solid. Then the product was dried and weighed. The Final product was hexaphenylbenzene (0.094 g, 0.176 mmol,
thought to be important to the development of the brain and other things.- (Definition of DHA)
Benzyl bromide, an unknown nucleophile and sodium hydroxide was synthesized to form a benzyl ether product. This product was purified and analyzed to find the unknown in the compound. A condenser and heat reflux was used to prevent reagents from escaping. Then the solid product was vacuum filtered.
People around the world have been using tea tree oil as the remedy for skin problems for great many years. But, most of us are still unaware of its almost magical healing properties. The tea tree oil not only helps with skin problems, but it adds the signature alluring charm to the skin.
When benzoic acid paired with 1.0 M NaOH, it was observed that both compounds were soluble. Upon the addition of 6.0 M HCl into this solution, benzoic acid became insoluble. Benzoic acid was also insoluble in 1.0 M HCl. Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate was found to be insoluble in 1.0 M NaOH and soluble in 1.0 M HCl. But then, after adding 6.0 M NaOH into the test tube C (mixture of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate and 1.0 M HCl), a white powdery solid (undissolved compound) was formed. These demonstrate that both the acid and base became more soluble when they were ionized and less soluble when they were
Rice is the major cereal consumed in almost all parts of the world. Bran oil is used as the fuel which is obtained from the Rice bran. Rice Bran is the middle part between the paddy husk and the endosperm. Bran consists of only 15-20% of the oil. RBO is similar to groundnut oil (GNO) in fatty acid composition which contains 36% linoleic acid. Edible grade rice bran oil was performed for the experiment. The methods involved for the extraction of Rice bran oil are as follows: (1) Solvent extraction of fresh Rice bran (2) Dewaxing the crude oil by miscella phase (3) double solvent miscella refining using hexane and isopropanol (4) distillation and recovery of dewaxed neutral RBO (5) bleaching under vacuum (6) deodorization at 200°C and absolute
In this experiment, lipids from ground nutmeg are extracted using a combination of solvents and identify the lipids through chromatography. The purpose of using solvent combinations is to elute the lipids based on their polarity to binding of the silica gel. The chromatography is performed on a silica gel plate and the use of iodine to visualize the lipids. By calculating the Rf values for each compound and comparing them to the known lipids, we are able to distinguish the lipids within the grounded nutmeg.
The MSKO extracted with hexane has better quality, it rich in oleic and steric acid, indicating that it is stable and tolerant to rancidity. This oil may be considered as an important source of unsaturated FA and has the potential to be used as nutrient rich food oil. Furthermore, the results also verified that MSKO contained high amounts of total phenolic, enabling their application as ingredients of functional or enriched foods. The results of present study provide useful information for essential oil and food industry. Due to its special composition, rich in PUFA as oleic acids, and in antioxidant compounds. The MSKO produced in this research work was analyzed for specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, saponification value and iodine value. Most of the values comply with the standard specifications. The oil is of good quality and could be recommended suitable for industrial