ABSTRACT Background: Botanical dietary supplements are used by 80% of American women aged 40 to 60 years old to reduce menopausal symptoms. Previous researches have not proven concrete associations between the consumption of botanical extracts and liver failure, even though many people are concerned about liver toxicity caused by an intake of botanical products. Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify the molecular structure of chemical constituents of commonly used botanicals and to investigate the relationship of botanical supplements to liver toxicity. Design: Botanical chemical constituents were identified from the Natural Products Alert Database for the periods coverings at least 1975 through 2003. This database includes …show more content…
Computational software of (Q)SAR is used for screening chemical components that were identified from the review of literature in the NAPALERT database and a FDA Bioscience Library literature search. From this screening of chemical components, positive predictive lists were completed, which showed that there were 37 positive components out of 103 unknown chemical constituents in black cohosh, 17 positive components out of 94 chemical constituents in red clover, 22 positive components out of 153 chemicals constituents in chasteberry, and 14 positive components out of 227 chemical constituents in …show more content…
The minimum level of intake to affect liver toxicity was also verified in animal tests. A chestberry has two positive components; Benzofuran and 4-Vinyl phenol. Benzofuran proved lethality at 250mg of daily dosage and 4-Vinyl phenol proved lethality at 200mg of daily dosage. Protocatechuic acid that is contained in Black cohosh affected liver enzymes at 0.1% intake by drinking water for 60days. Xanthohumol I that is contained in hops proved no effects on liver enzyme levels after 4 weeks in mice. However, 50uM in drinking water predicted positive. Isoflavone in Redclover proved that glycosides coupled with a flavone affect liver toxicity after a long
Phytotherapeutic treatments for menopause related symptoms. (2011, June 22). Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism, 1, 12-21.
Anthocyanins, flavanols, flavanones,secoiridoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, coumarins, and isoflavones form a large class of polyphenols, which are phenolic compounds. This study, however, focuses on one category of these phenolic compounds: phenolic acids. These particular compounds have been classified into two groups, namely hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids. The most common hydroxybenzoic acids are protocatechuic acid and gallic acid, while hydroxycinnamic acids include ferulic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and sinapic acid, (Nigdikar, Williams, Griffin, & Howard). Unlike hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids usually occur at very low levels in some black radish, red fruits, and onions, accounting for about 10 ppm on a fresh weight basis. Protocatechuic ac...
7. Stevens, J., et al. Chemistry and biology of hop flavonoids. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem.
The major use for herbal medicines is for the promotion of health and for therapy for chronic conditions, instead of being used for life-threatening conditions; except in the event of say advanced cancer or new infectious diseases when conventional medicine practices no longer are working an individual may use traditional remedies. While traditional medicines are often mistaken that because they are natural that they are safe, non-toxic, which is not always the case. In cases when an individual is taking herbs with prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, or other herbs that may cause some adverse side affects. As a flourishing commercial enterprise, it doesn’t matter why an individual uses traditional medicines, it provides important health care services for individuals that have access physically or finantually to allopathic
Michael Pollan makes arguments concerning the eating habits of the average American. Pollan suggests, in spite of our cultural norms, we should simply “Eat food. Not too much. Mostly Plants.”
The question comes up again; “How is your diet?” Jessica revisited her diet analysis from the first week of class. She noticed that some things have changed and some things, unfortunately, have not changed. She knew that some things would not change because of the hectic and busy semester and summer she had ahead of her but the things that did change surprised her. This class did some good for her, but she still needs some work on her diet and nutrition.
It is day one of your weight lifting program and you are ready to start your body transformation. It is the best workout out there, but with all of this searching for a workout plan, do you have a solid nutrition plan? Nutrition is not only 90% of the battle when it comes to improving all the aspects of health and fitness. It can be the ultimate reason why you may not be seeing any results. Trust me, when I say that iit has taken me years to figure out what foods, how much to eat, and how often to eat. What makes this challenging is everybody is different. What may work for you may not work for me. Some people can get away with eating crap and not gain an ounce but with me if I have a piece of cake, I will gain 5 lbs. I am a creature
Nutritionism and Today’s Diet Nutritionism is the ideology that the nutritional value of a food is the sum of all its individual nutrients, vitamins, and other components. In the book, “In Defense of Food” by Michael Pollan, he critiques scientists and government recommendations about their nutritional advice. Pollan presents a strong case pointing out the many flaws and problems that have risen over the years of following scientific studies and government related warnings on the proper amount of nutrients needed for a healthy diet. Pollan’s main point is introducing science into our food system has had more of a negative impact than a positive one, we should go back to eating more of a traditional diet. I believe food science has given us
America is a capitalist society. It should come to a surprise when we live like this daily. We work for profit. We’ll buy either for pleasure or to sell later for profit. It should come to no surprise that our food is made the same way because we are what we eat. We are capitalist that eat a capitalist meal. So we must question our politics. Is our government system to blame for accepting and encouraging monopolies?
My overall Kcal average for the three days I recorded was 4,318, while my Daily recommended intake was 3,484. In terms of Kcal, I am eating more calories per day than recommended. Breaking it down a bit farther to percent of carbohydrates, I ate 110 percent of my Daily Required Intake for Carbohydrates, specifically 39.1 g more than recommended. The daily recommendation for protein is ten to thirty-five percent,
The toxicity studies of the plant have received controversial results. Some authors reported that the plant may induce liver disease, while others found that it protects against liver damage caused by heavy metals. Toxicities of the plant may vary among cultivars and are dose dependent, an effect possibly related to pulegone.
Koul, Opender, et. al. 1990. Properties and uses of neem Azadirachta indica. Canadian Journal of Botany. v68. National Research Council of Canada.
Herbal remedies’ qualities are widespread availability, lower cost, effective for chronic conditions. Herbal remedies are the use of plants or plant extract to treat a person’ overall health. Herbal treatments are prominent for developing countries for instance, “in Africa up to 90% and in India 70% of the population depend on traditional medicine to help meet their health care needs” (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011), due to their low cost and availability. Herbal remedies have gained attention in the past decades, and expanding their uses due to the increased interest of natural therapies (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011). Herbs used on the remedies grow in the wild throughout the world, therefore making it easy to
Today people are becoming more aware of the advantages of using natural health products. Apart from it being a cost-efficient solution to maintain and attain healthier body, the products made from herbal and natural ingredients offer a myriad of benefits compared to those made from chemical and artificial ingredients. The followi...
Previously to taking this class, I had never given much thought to my eating habits. I always thought of the way I chose to eat as one of those things I didn’t need to concern myself with too heavily now because I’m a young broke college student. The way I eat is pretty similar to the way most of my friends eat and when you live away from home, that seems like the norm for people in college. However, after applying what I’ve learned in this class to my life, I’ve realized that the dietary choices I make now affect not only my current health, but my future health as well. So overall, I would say that my eating habits are pretty bad, but I’m working on making them better.