The Water Cycle: The Hydrological Cycle

All of living things and non-living things have a process respectively. Each of them undergo different processes such as human life cycle, animals’ life cycle, and plants life cycle, etc. as well as the water also. The process of water is known as water cycle or hydrological cycle. The concept of hydrological cycle is a continuously process that occurred in the nature. According to Malik’s study (as cited in Davie, 2002), “this is a conceptual model of how water moves around between the earth and atmosphere in different states as a gas, liquid, or solid state” (p. 5). It is means, this process is moving on the principle of energy and gravitation to turn the liquid to solid such ice cube, and gas and then back again. Again, this process is important

Infiltration is the flow of water into the soil surface and helps to sustain the ground water to supply to wells, springs and streams (Kuchment, 2004). According to Beven (2004), in areas where the ground is not protected by a layer of forest litter, raindrops can detach soil particles from the surface and wash fine particles into surface pores where they can impede the infiltration process. The process of infiltration is influenced by physical characteristics. In addition, the physical characteristics can be soil cover for example plants, water content of the soil, soil temperature and rainfall intensity. A few factors affecting infiltration such as degree of saturation and porosity. More saturated the loose earth materials, then the infiltration become less. The water infiltrates into the ground until it meets the interface between the zoon of saturation. However, the amount of infiltration is determined by the depth of interface below the surface varies. The amount of water soil that can hold is a major factor, and is called the porosity of soil. Furthermore, porosity is about the size, shape and packing of soil particles. Thus, it determined the amount of water that can infiltrate. The process of infiltration can only continue if there is a space available for additional water at the soil surface and it depends on the porosity of soil and the rate which previously infiltrated water can move from the surface through

Previously, subsurface flow was known as hypodermic flow. In these circumstances, the water flows in underground at the area calls vadose zone and aquifers. Vadose zone also known as unsaturated zone which is the area between surface area and groundwater. Then, in this area, the rock and soil are not saturated by water. Besides that, it also contains oxygen and water. Meanwhile, aquifers area is saturated zone. In addition, water in subsurface area may appear to the surface land in two conditions which is through water pump and during spring seasons. Some of water in subsurface area is flow into the oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes. This is due to the movement of water, as it travels slowly at underground compared to water in subsurface zone. As a result, the water in subsurface zone rises up to the surface zone because of force by gravity pressure from