Vegetation Case Study

Urbanization: Soil is considered as water reservoir. Urbanization acts in creating amount of impermeable surface due to construction of buildings, roads, drainage, sewage, flood relief channel etc. It reduces the amount of infiltration and percolation. Water tends to experiment the runoff process rather than infiltration. This contributes to increase in

Effect of overburden pressure. Soils of same density will give smaller count near ground surface.

Water that has changed throughout the hydrologic process travels from the irrigation treatment and enters into the aquifers. First...

affects the ecosystem. The land's incline prevents some areas to receive and maintain a water

One reason the ground is so moist is because of all the waterways. Another interesting fact is that there a...

Removing vegetation removes the root systems, which help hold soil in place. Running water can now more easily wash soil and rock away, increasing erosion.

Desert pavements are common landforms in arid regions. They consist of flat or sloping surfaces where stones are closely packed angular or rounded, and generally exhibit low relief (Mabbutt, 1977). Pavements tend to form on both alluvial fan toposequences and on weathering volcanic flow fields in arid regions. Soils are often found under desert pavements and they play an important role in the evolution of pavements (McFadden et. al., 1987). In the past there have been several theories as to the formation pavements and soil development beneath them. Deflation, or the erosion of finer grained particles from a surface, stone concentration by wash erosion and upward displacement of stone due to shrink and swell clay characteristics were at one time believed to be the main factors in the formation of desert pavements (Mabbutt, 1977). However, more recent research has shown that desert pavements are born and maintained at the surface, and that the soil below them is mainly eolian in origin. Slow accretion of eolian dust below the pavement is a process that eventually develops cumulate horizons. Eolian dust in environments where pavements often develop is rich in carbonate salts and clays due to the fact it often originates from nearby playa lake evaporate basins (McFadden et. al., 1987). Soils that form below the pavements over time develop calcic horizons and clay rich structure due to the influx of these eolian fines through the pavement surface. In turn the development of mature or plugged calcic horizons effects the form of the pavement surface because it alters the water drainage infiltration rate and causes pavements to decline.

Water runs off impermeable surfaces or steep slopes, but erodes and take things with it as it is on the move. The water is controlled to go in to storm drains, leading to bigger bodies of water or lakes, such as Lake Arbor, created for storm water management. However not everything always goes as “planned” and when the sediment and waste is carried away with this runoff in to our fresh water, this is known as eutrophication. An example of this would be when humans over fertilize their lawns and when it precipitates the excess water that runs off to bigger surface water takes that fertilizer with it. This results in aqua plants using that fertilizer to grow and using too much of the oxygen in the water, not leaving enough for other life in the water. In places like the Chesapeake Bay, this is what causes dead zones. People often don’t consider that what they do affects places like this because of the distance, but that water has to go somewhere no matter what watershed they are a part

The effects of the effluent discharge in the water body may have negative effects on the natural

Previously, subsurface flow was known as hypodermic flow. In these circumstances, the water flows in underground at the area calls vadose zone and aquifers. Vadose zone also known as unsaturated zone which is the area between surface area and groundwater. Then, in this area, the rock and soil are not saturated by water. Besides that, it also contains oxygen and water. Meanwhile, aquifers area is saturated zone. In addition, water in subsurface area may appear to the surface land in two conditions which is through water pump and during spring seasons. Some of water in subsurface area is flow into the oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes. This is due to the movement of water, as it travels slowly at underground compared to water in subsurface zone. As a result, the water in subsurface zone rises up to the surface zone because of force by gravity pressure from

The amount of runoff depends on the surface of the Earth. If you have something like pavement you're prone to have more runoff. If you have something like soil, you're prone to have less runoff. Runoff can also be affected by slopes and the ground material.

Declines in surface water (lakes, streams, rivers, or reservoirs) flows can be detrimental to hydropower production, navigation, and recreation. USGS states that “streamflows have been below all-time record lows for specific days of the year”. This means that water above the surface are lower than ever causing the availability of surface water to be scarce. Surface water is also measured as annual runoff which include the amount of rain, snowmelt, or evaporation from land. It supplies most of our water needs. With less surface water being available because of the drought, the choice of obtaining water from lakes or streams will slowly deplenish. Groundwater is similar to surface water, but groundwater which is found in aquifers below the surface of hte earth, is one of the state's most important natural resources. Groundwater provides drinking water for a large amount of California's population, supplies business and industries, and is used for irrigation. During a drought if a well is pumped at a faster rate than an aquifer is recharged by rain or other underground flow, water levels will decline. The long term effects can occur after five or more years of severe drought. According to USGS also states that, a long term effect is Land subsidence. Land subsidence is a gradual settling or sudden sinking of the Earth's surface. Overpumping of

...re the rain water goes. Time influences the amount of development of the soil. The longer amount of time soil is exposed, the more developed it will become.

The effect of soil salinity in plant growth is part of botany, the study of plants.

cause a greater amount of evaporation from lakes, rivers, and oceans. In some areas this could be