The U.S. Arms Policy and Taiwan From the 1970's to the 1990's
analytical Essay
1789 words
Before Nixon decided to pursue normalization with China in 1971, the U.S. arms sales policy towards Taiwan was stable because of the Vietnam War effort and global containment strategy. U.S. pulled Taiwan into its global policy without much debate, given that choice for Taiwan was indeed limited and its economic strength as well as defense capability were relatively weak. With US recognition of the PRC a fait accompli, how to make the new relationships with China and Taiwan had engaged lawyers and diplomats beginning in 1972 and especially during 1978. From late 1970s on, the triangular struggle among U.S.-RPC-ROC outlined principal U.S. arms sales policy to Taiwan. This article briefly examines U.S. arms sales to Taiwan from late 1970s to early 1990s, in an attempt to explain its evolution and to understand how the U.S. successfully struck a balance out of its own global strategy and national interests. The first part discusses the layout of the legal framework of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan, and stresses its ambiguity. The second and the third part explore how the arms sales evolved from Carter administration to G.H. Bush administration. The last part makes a conclusion on how U.S. arms sales to Taiwan have been successfully used as a policy instrument to serve U.S. global strategy and its national interests. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND STRATIGEIC AMBIGUITY ON ARMS SALES On 16 December 1978, a joint Sino-US communiqué announced the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between Washington and Beijing as from 1 January 1979. The US agreed in the communiqué to break all official relations with the government of ROC and terminate the MDT, but also noted that ‘the people of the United States will maintain cultural, commercial, and oth... ... middle of paper ... ...es Gregor, Arming the Dragon: U.S. Security Ties with the People’s Republic of China (Washington, DC: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1987), pp. 99-100; Edwin K. Snyder, A. James Gregor and Maria Hsia Chang, The Taiwan Relations Act and the Defense of the Republic of China (Berkeley, CA: Institute of International Studies, 1980), pp. 68-69. Aviation Week and Space Technology, (26 March 1979), p68. Edwin K. Snyder, A. James Gregor and Maria Hsia Chang, The Taiwan Relations Act and the Defense of the Republic of China, p69. Henry Kissinger, On China (New York: The Penguin Press, 2011), pp.411-412. See Nancy Tucker, Strait Talk (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009),pp.169-179. Nancy Tucker, Strait Talk (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009),pp.192 Øystein Tunsjø, US Taiwan Policy: Constructing the triangle (New York: Routledge, 2008), p81.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the u.s. arms sales policy towards taiwan was stable because of the vietnam war effort and global containment strategy.
- Explains zhongqi pan's us taiwan policy of strategic ambiguity: a dilemma of deterrence.
- Compares a. james gregor, edwin k. snyder, and maria hsia chang, the taiwan relations act and the defense of the republic of china.
- Explains that the u.s. arms sales policy towards taiwan was stable because of the vietnam war effort and global containment strategy.
- Explains zhongqi pan's us taiwan policy of strategic ambiguity: a dilemma of deterrence.
- Compares a. james gregor, edwin k. snyder, and maria hsia chang, the taiwan relations act and the defense of the republic of china.
- Explains edwin k. snyder, a. james gregor, and maria hsia chang, the taiwan relations act and the defense of the republic of china, p69.
- Explains that the us agreed to break all official relations with the government of roc and terminate the mdt, but also maintained cultural, commercial, and other unofficial relations.
- Explains that taiwan's difficulty in acquiring up-to-date weapons can be seen in the area of fighter planes. carter wrote to reagan that selling more advanced arms to taiwan would damage relations with beijing.
- Analyzes how the collapse of the soviet union and end of cold war meant the grant coalition between the u.s. and the prc might fall apart due to the disappearance of their common adversary.
- Argues that the u.s. has created a vicious cycle which has left the roc dependent on america to maintain the balance of power between it and the prc since the late 1970s.
- Opines that taiwan remains the most important issue for the chinese. tuan y. chen, the us politics of export control policy toward the people’s republic of china, ph.d.
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- Explains that the ideas of confucianism are based on the values he expresses that are essential to human beings in order to become gentleman.
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- Explains that the ideas of confucianism are based on the values he expresses that are essential to human beings in order to become gentleman.
- Opines that one must be open and willing to account that the ideas of confucius are present even when they do not seem to be implemented or those persons don't feel that they possess them in aconfucian sense.
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- Opines that in confused times like ours, we would do well to consider it, even if it does no more than add to our stock of ideals.
- Opines that re-institution of confucian ideas and philosophies to the modern era will develop china and create a better society, government, and economy allowing it to grow and prosper.
- Cites hahm chaibong's article on confucianism and its implications for the industrialization and democratization of east asia.
- Cites asiaweek's article, "confucian comeback; the master’s teachings are a boon to the modern world."
- Opines that confucianism must make 3 great adjustments to back asian revival.
- Cites de bary, william theodore, and englehart, neil a. the rise and fall of confucian ethics in singapore.
- Explains that "hearts and minds new life for confucianism?" korea times.
- Cites relyea, scott. the legacy of confucius in contemporary chinese interpretations of human rights.
- Explains that a seminar on confucian business was held in shanghai, xinhua, on october 23, 2000.
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- Analyzes the contemporary poignancy of the february 28 incident to the taiwanese people. it has received different interpretations throughout the years and survived the attempts of washing it from history.
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- Opines that the image of a hippy protester holding up the sign that says "free tibet" means that china should cut the tibetans loose and allow them to form their own state.
- Explains why it matters if mainland china violates human rights or not because it is the second world power and is expanding economically with the hunt for resources.
- Explains that according to the 1948 universal declaration of human rights passed by the general assembly of the united nations, the following constitutes as human rights.
- Explains that mainland china is accused of human rights violations, including deprived tibetans of their basic right to speak, and tortured with skin irritations.
- Opines that nothing can justify these acts, and any excuse attempt is as bad as the act itself.
- Argues that the universal declaration of human rights does not take precedent over mainland china's sovereignty because the udhr was never agreed upon nor ratified by the current government.
- Argues that every state has a right to seek out natural resources, and development opportunity. the united states moved thousands of native americans off their land during the 1800’s; france ruled and partial enslaved half of europe under napoleon.
- Argues that mainland china has a right to unify its people and take necessary measures to accomplish it.
- Explains that the fifth defense of mainland china on charges of human rights violations is on the notion that most of south east asia does hold the belief in human right in the way other view them.
- Argues that tibet is a clear and present danger to the state. japan is the biggest threat to mainland china in the region.
- Summarizes the argument that mainland china is justified; it has sovereignty to govern its own territory, and has the right to clear any blockage in its path to development.
- Opines that mainland china's government has deprived tibetans of basic human rights with bad acts, such as force marriages, sterilization, genocide, and attempting to destroy the tibetan culture.
- Describes the universal declaration of human rights, the un news center, and the new york times.
1885 wordsRead More - The Balance-of-Poweranalytical essayZhang, Yongjin, and Greg Austin. Power and responsibility in Chinese foreign policy. Canberra: Asia Pacific Press, 2001. Print.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that political scientists symbolically consider the balance-of-power concept central to a firm understanding of classical realism.
- Analyzes how the establishment of the discipline's discourse did not firmly cement its foundational concepts.
- Concludes that thomas hobbes' findings demonstrate that the unstable nature of the international-relation model is not the result of historical or empirical knowledge.
- Explains that political scientists symbolically consider the balance-of-power concept central to a firm understanding of classical realism.
- Analyzes how the establishment of the discipline's discourse did not firmly cement its foundational concepts.
- Concludes that thomas hobbes' findings demonstrate that the unstable nature of the international-relation model is not the result of historical or empirical knowledge.
- Argues that the dawn of the nuclear age brought about a significant change to the balance-of-power theory.
- Argues that the existence of great powers is proof that there is a global system controlling the international arena. bull asserts that diplomacy has four basic functions, communication, information, negotiation, and conflict-minimization.
- Analyzes how joseph nye aims to synthesize the realistic and liberal-transnational traditions. the liberal approach contemporizes trans-nationalistic generalization and overestimates the influence of transnational phenomena.
- Analyzes how the disparity of military and economic power between the united states and the rest of the word dissuades the weaker nations from forming a counter alliance.
- Argues that the balance-of-power model binds the realistic description and the analytical shape of these actions and conditions in the international system while simultaneously seeking to produce a world hegemonic system.
- Analyzes how a bilateral balance of powers presents multiple questions, such as why the superpowers allowed themselves to be subjected.
- Opines that fear drives the system of balances, be it the fear of losing power, the fears of the empowered, or fear not becoming empowered. fear is produced by force.
- Analyzes how the balance-of-power political and ideological interpretations lend themselves best to a descriptive or analytical categorization in which the oscillation of heterogeneous and contradictory positions provided the key means to interpret an organization or criticisms of social facts.
- Argues that balance is a benchmark for political actions that seek to influence the political, social, and economic system of powers.
- Cites dorussen's "balance of power revisited: a multi-country model of trade and conflict" and giles' "the power approach to intergroup hostility."
- Cites krasner, stephen d., wendt, alexander, and austin. power and responsibility in chinese foreign policy.
3199 wordsRead More - Essay On Counterintelligenceopinion essayIn 1978, an arrangement of informal trade visits between US atomic weapons specialists and their People's Republic of China (PRC) partners started. The PRC authorities endeavored to grow close associations with specific US specialists. Over the consequent 23 years, as a c...
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how u.s. foes gotten access to fundamental privileged insights of the most closely watched organizations of us national security foundation and infiltrated for all intents. the ensuing misfortunes processed grave harm
- Opines that counterintelligence is one of a few instruments of national power that can ruin such exercises, yet its viability depends on coordination with different components of government and with the private segment.
- Explains how the counterintelligence group has advanced from a confederation to an integrated venture in the wake of the attacks of september 11, 2001. the counterintelligence enhancement act of 2002 and the intelligence reform and terrorism prevention act 2004 quickened this advancement.
- Analyzes how u.s. foes gotten access to fundamental privileged insights of the most closely watched organizations of us national security foundation and infiltrated for all intents. the ensuing misfortunes processed grave harm
- Opines that counterintelligence is one of a few instruments of national power that can ruin such exercises, yet its viability depends on coordination with different components of government and with the private segment.
- Explains how the counterintelligence group has advanced from a confederation to an integrated venture in the wake of the attacks of september 11, 2001. the counterintelligence enhancement act of 2002 and the intelligence reform and terrorism prevention act 2004 quickened this advancement.
- Explains how the prc made real strides in the improvement of atomic weapons.
- Explains that the survey highlighted the potential security danger postured by chinese telecommunications organizations with potential binds to the chinese government or military.
- Explains that the national counterintelligence strategy is the result of a concentrated counsel prepare over the intelligence community.
- Opines that china and the united states of america should consider their disparities and clashes emerging to upgrade limit penetrations thereby prompting development in budgetary markets.
- Explains that ci examines can help fill crevices in investigators' understanding of the political courses of action in different nations. understanding the workings of different administrations might be the distinction between victory and disappointment.
636 wordsRead More - A New Great Depressionargumentative essayIn 1972, President Nixon visited China, and declared the open trade between America and China, a country that has been isolated from the West since 1949. Although most people remember President Nixon with his Watergate Scandal, he also opened a new trading era with People’s Republic of China. Nixon was in fact known as an anti-communist, and his presidency was during the Cold War, a political and military tension era between the US and the Soviet Union. In 1949, Chairman Mao Zedong established the People’s Republic of China. Known as a communist, Mao at that time was Stalin’s biggest supporter. China’s alliance ...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that china is now able to challenge the america's decades-long dominant position in economic area.
- Explains that nixon declared the open trade between america and china, a country that has been isolated from the west since 1949.
- Explains how nixon's hard work paid off when he warmed up the relationship between china and america by sending a team of ping-pong players to china to play.
- Explains that china is now able to challenge the america's decades-long dominant position in economic area.
- Explains that nixon declared the open trade between america and china, a country that has been isolated from the west since 1949.
- Explains how nixon's hard work paid off when he warmed up the relationship between china and america by sending a team of ping-pong players to china to play.
- Explains that the opening trade between the us and china changed the world's economic pattern.
- Compares china's gdp as percent of world economy to that of the us. the us economy was three times the size of china, but by the end of 2013, it was only twice as large.
- Explains that america didn't want to see china's economic rise, but was confident that they could control the growth of the chinese economy by controlling the yuan currency.
- Explains that every country's currency needs a fixed amount of monetary aggregates; too much will cause inflation, while very little would cause deflation.
- Explains that if china sells its 1.6 trillion american securities, a new great depression would take place all over the world.
- Analyzes how the us-china relationship developed from two strangers to twin brothers. the us tried so hard to keep the younger brother vulnerable, but he could not stop him from catching up.
- Explains rawski, thomas g., "the rise of china's economy." foreign policy research institute.
- Explains that china overtakes japan as world's second-biggest economy.
1839 wordsRead More - Taiwan' s Tourism Industryexplanatory essayYates, Stephen, J. (199 April, 16). "The Taiwan Relations Act After 20 Years: Keys to Past and Future Success". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 2009 July, 19.
In this essay, the author
- Agrees with taiwan's future tourism plans aimed at making it a world venture place. though several issues around the tourism sector need to be resolved, taiwan remains the most recognized tourism sites globally.
- Describes taiwan as one of the most densely populated regions in the world. it has a marine tropical climate with rain throughout the year whereas the southern experiences dry winters.
- Explains that taiwan's tourism industry is booming every year as the percentage of tourists rises. the government has streamlined immigration procedures and laws creating friendly atmosphere for foreigners to feel accommodated.
- Agrees with taiwan's future tourism plans aimed at making it a world venture place. though several issues around the tourism sector need to be resolved, taiwan remains the most recognized tourism sites globally.
- Describes taiwan as one of the most densely populated regions in the world. it has a marine tropical climate with rain throughout the year whereas the southern experiences dry winters.
- Explains that taiwan's tourism industry is booming every year as the percentage of tourists rises. the government has streamlined immigration procedures and laws creating friendly atmosphere for foreigners to feel accommodated.
- Explains makeham, hsiau, & a-chin's cultural, ethnic, and political nationalism in contemporary taiwan: bentuhua.
- Cites urry, john, and yates, stephen, who authored the taiwan relations act after 20 years.
1051 wordsRead More