Toni Morrison revealed that, motherhood and family life were nothing that could be taken for granted for the slave families were often divided when family members were sold and the female slaves were systematically abused both by other slaves and the white owners. Here, Sethe’s mother was never allowed to be a real mother as her owner did not allow her to stay with her daughter to love and nurse her, and she was hanged when Sethe was just a few years old.
Sethe wanted to claim her children as her own, although she knew that a female slave did not have any legal rights over her children. Sethe’s motherly love became an overly possessive love towards her children. The killing of her daughter was the way to express this possessive love. So Sethe
“Off and on,” said Sethe. “Good God.” He backed out the door onto the porch. “What kind of evil you got in here?” “It’s not evil, just sad. Come on. Just step through.” (10)
Sethe and Denver never felt bothered by the ghost of the child because having the ghost in the house was a way to remember Sethe’s past and Beloved as part of it. Sethe considered the ghost as her child whom Sethe killed because she loved her daughter very much. It was a comfort for Sethe to keep the haunted house. She never considered the ghost. Neither did Denver. But Paul D felt something strange about the house, the angry ghost, “So I hear,” he said. “But sad, your mama said. Not evil.” “No sir,” said Denver, “not evil. But not said either.” “What then?” “Rebuked. Lonely and rebuked.” “Is that right?” Paul D turned to Sethe. “I don’t know about lonely,” said Denver’s mother. “Mad, maybe, but I don’t see how it could be lonely spending every minute with us like it does.” “Must be something you got it wants.” Sethe shrugged. “It’s just a
Sethe was born into slavery and knew the struggle of being a black woman growing up in the mid-1800s. During this time there were growing number of slave wanting to runaway to the north where they could be free from the slave master and the plantations. Like many slaves, Sethe became victim to the fugitive slave laws that allowed slave masters to come to the north and capture runaway slaves. However, like my quote a mother knows no law when it comes to her family. By slitting the throats of all of her children, Sethe made the ultimate sacrifice in order to save her children from the hard life as a
Barbara Schapiro states, in her article "The Bonds of Love and the Boundaries of Self in Toni Morrison's "Beloved"", slavery makes the bond between the mother and her child unreliable because it either separates between them or makes the mother's spirit broken so she cannot full fill her duty perfectly (194). During her childhood, Sethe is denied her right of having a healthy nurturing relationship with her mother. She is not deprived of her mother only, but also deprived of the surrogate mother's milk "the little white babies got it first". According to Barbara Schapiro, Sethe's depressed childhood left her emotionally starved for mother love (195). Professor Michele Mock suggests that the separation of Sethe and her mother gives rise to Sethe's strong maternal affection. Mock continues saying that milk has a big role in Sethe's determination of loving her babies (Janů 11). Sethe bears a love and milk that is enough for all her
Throughout American history there have been many horrific tragedies and events that have impacted the country and its citizens but none can be compared to the evils of slavery. This “peculiar institution” was the fate of millions of African Americans who were subject to cruelty and contempt by their owners and society. They were treated as if they were animals whose only purpose in life was to please their white owners. It is shameful to know that it was condoned as a “necessary evil” and lasted for over two hundred years in North America. In the beginning, the public did not know the truth behind a slave’s life and the obstacles they endured and overcome to survive it. However, the reality is revealed in slave narratives of who lived during that time and wrote of their experiences. They tell the unheard truths of their masters’ cruelty and the extent it was given to all victims of slavery. In the slave narrative, Incident in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs, she focuses on the torment of being a female in slavery and why it was a much worse fate than being a male slave.
The killing of Beloved is the central act in Beloved, and the remorse and guilt that Sethe feels for the killing is apparent in almost every scene, even in the parts where she is fiercely upholding her choice, “if I hadn’t killed her she would have died” (Morrison, 236). It is not until later on in the novel that we discover the actual events of Sethe’s daughter death, Sethe choosing not to speak of it, the memory being too painful for her to relive. Sethe lives through many shocking events in her life, and the memories she has from these events she attempts to block, as she does with her memory of killing her infant daughter. A few of these events threaten to come up to the surface; memories can rise and she can be in danger of them overpowering her, much like they did to Baby Suggs. Sethe tries to suppress them with all her might, but the arduous, fragmented memories that she has from her life as a slave and an escapee are continuously recalled. As a method for not feeling too much to some of these memories, nature can work as a protective barrier. An instance of this is Sethe seeing two slaves hanged from trees, and subsequently recalling the trees over the boys. The statement of the, “boys hanging from the most beautiful sycamores in the world” (Morrison 7)
Perhaps the most heartbreaking feeling in the life of slave women happened to be the fact that they were separated from their children at the will of their masters. Being unable to raise their children was hundred times more painful than their heel-strings being cut to prevent them from escaping their masters. Jacob’s grandmother experienced this horrible consequence of slavery when her master died and her five children were divided among the master’s heirs. (9) How painful must have it been for Jacob’s mother to see her children being divided as if they were ...
Already in the first chapter, the reader begins to gain a sense of the horrors that have taken place. Like the ghost, the address of the house is a stubborn reminder of its history. The characters refer to the house by its number, 124. These digits highlight the absence of Sethe’s murdered third child. As an institution, slavery shattered its victims’ traditional family structures, or else precluded such structures from ever forming. Slaves were thus deprived of the foundations of any identity apart from their role as servants. Baby Suggs is a woman who never had the chance to be a real mother, daughter, or sister. Later, we learn that neither Sethe nor Paul D knew their parents, and the relatively long, six-year marriage of Halle and Sethe is an anomaly in an institution that would regularly redistribute men and women to different farms as their owners deemed necessary.
During the short space of time (which is 28 days) Sethe embraces the dominant values of idealised maternity. Sethe’s fantasy is intended to end upon recover, however, it doesn’t, on that ground she declines to give her family a chance to be taken from her. Rather she endeavours to murder each of her four kids, prevailing the young girl whom she named Beloved. Sethe’s passion opposes the slave proprietor’s- and the western plot line's endeavours at allocations, for better or in negative ways.
Since black slave women are seen as property with no human rights they are not allowed to determine who they have sexual relations with. In Birthing a Slave, Schwartz explains how rape was discussed publically and privately in the region and how slave mothers saw forced sex, population, growth, and...
Sethe has a strong maternal instinct and sees her children as a part of herself. They rightfully belong to her. However her maternal ownership of her children is not recognized by the culture of slavery. As a slave she cannot own anything (Mock 118). Therefore while they are enslaved neither Baby Suggs nor Sethe really own their children. In the slavery culture both the mothers and the children are considered as property of their white owners. As property, their rights as mothers are made void and they have no say about the lives of their children. To the owners a slave woman’s primary value is in her reproductive ability. The female slave is seen as giving birth to property, and therefore capital in the form of new slaves. (Liscio 34). The owner has the ability to use and dispose of this new property as they wish. Therefore children could be sold without any regards for their feelings of the feelings of their mother. In the novel Baby Suggs states she has given birth to eight children, however she only gets to keep one that she sees grow into adulthood. By the end of her life slavery has stolen all of her children from her:
Sethe is the most dramatically haunted in the book. She is the one who was beaten so badly her back is permanently scarred. She is the one who lived and escaped slavery. She is the one who murdered her child rather than return it to slavery. So she is the one whose past is so horrible that it is inescapable. How can a person escape the past when it is physically apart of them? Sethe has scars left from being whipped that she calls a "tree". She describes it as "A chokecherry tree. Trunk, branches, and even leaves. Tiny little chokecherry leaves. But that was eighteen years ago. Could have cherries too now for all I know" (16). It is apt that her past is represented on her back--something that is behind her, something she cannot see but knows that is there. Also it appeared eighteen years ago, but Sethe thinks that it may have grown cherries in those years. Therefore she knows that the past has attached itself to her but the haunting of it has not stopped growing. Paul D. enters Sethe's life and discover a haunting of Sethe almost immediately. He walks into 124 and notices the spirit of the murdered baby: "It was sad. Walking through it, a wave of grief soaked him so thoroughly he wanted to cry" (9). The haunting by Beloved in its spirit form is stopped by Paul D. He screams "God damn it! Hush up! Leave the place alone! Get the Hell out!" (18). But Sethe's infant daughter is her greatest haunt and it is when Beloved arrives in physical form that Sethe is forced to turn around and confront the past.
The cycle began with the Sethe’s unnamed mother, who was the first generation of slave in the family. As a result of being a field slave, she was unable to breast feed her daughter, leaving the responsibility of to Nan who also “had to nurse white babies” who “got it first” leaving Sethe with “no nursing milk to call [her] own” (236). Her mother remains nameless because it was in the mother language which Sethe did not take part in as she was born, on a boat, into slavery. It was because Sethe knew “what it is to be without milk that belongs to you” and having to “fight and holler for it, and to have so little left” that she makes an extra effort to “get that milk to her baby girl.” (97) It was after Schoolteacher’s nephews milked her that there was not enough milk left from Nan’s sparse feedings for Sethe to accommodate her children.
Cruelty is the idea of gaining pleasures in harming others and back in 1873, many African American slaves suffered from this common ideology according Heather Andrea Williams of National Humanities Center Fello. Toni Morrison, an African American author who illustrates an opportunity for “readers to be kidnapped, thrown ruthlessly into an alien environment...without preparations or defense” (Morrison) in her award-winning novel Beloved as method to present how cruel slavery was for African Americans. In her fictional story, Beloved, Morrison explained the developement of an African American slave named Sethe who willingly murdered her own child to prevent it from experiencing the cruel fate of slavery. Nonetheless, Morrison
Sethe explains to Paul D that the men who stole her baby’s milk beat her before she was able to escape. The resulting scar looked like a chokecherry tree, a symbol of her emotionally and physically scarring past. Sethe is forced to face what lies behind her, at her back. However, Paul D helps her get through the pain of such a terrible memory. “The last of the Sweet Home men was there to catch her if she sank,” (Morrison 18) caressing and comforting her. They help each other comprehend their past, providing moral support when the pain of remembering becomes too much to bear. Ironically, although Paul D has difficulty recounting his past and opening his heart to others, he gets women to confide in him, and “Not even trying, he had become the kind of man who could walk into a house and make the women cry.” (Morrison 17) Immediately after, the house begins to creak and shake, as the ghost of the dead baby is angered. Paul D begins to take on a role as man of the house as he drives the ghost out. He also manages to push the ghostly past of Sethe away, which had been holding her back, but only temporarily. However, Paul D’s arrival is not consoling for Denver, who wishes to have Sethe’s exclusive affection. Furthermore, when Denver hears them “Saying Sweet Home in a way that made it clear it belonged to them and not to her,” (Morrison 13) she cannot face hearing about a part of Sethe that does not include her. Throughout most of
The antagonist, Sethe, is not keen to let her kids end up in such a miserable lifestyle that she lives. Defending that she would rather see them away from the wretchedness of Earth and instead dead in Heaven. Slavery is an exceedingly cruel and nasty way of life, and as many see it, living without freedom is not living. Slavery dishonored African Americans from being individuals and treated them just as well as animals: no respect and no proper care. For example, Sethe recalls the memory of her being nursed as baby by saying, "The little white babies got it first
Through her deep complicated ideas to present slavery and miseries of black women through memories and flashbacks Toni Morrison has probably created her masterpiece. Sethe alone as the heroine of the novel presets all the ideas above, she is a female black African American slave who had suffered from being a woman as well as a slave.