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Roman government/history
The Roman political system
The Roman political system
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Introduction
The Republic began in 508 BC and lasted for 483 years. The office of the Praetor came about in 367 BC. The functions of the praetor were to aid the civil law, done through the grant of rights of actions for the enforcement of civil claims and to help the consuls in the day-to-day administration of justice. In 242 BC, thirty years later, another praetor was added, thus there were two praetors. The praetor urbanus had jurisdiction to decide cases and administer justice among Roman citizens whilst the praetor peregrinus had to take care of cases between citizens and foreigners, and foreigners amongst themselves. Nonetheless the main cases were those between peregrines. Also in the lex Papiria de sacramentis we find “qui inter cives ius dicet”.The Praetor can be considered to be an official who had a lot of influence on laws, but it is impossible to mention all of these influences.
Imperium
Imperium is defined as the supreme executive power in the Roman State, and it involved both military and judicial authority. This imperium was exercised in the first instance by the Kings of Rome but then under the Republic the chief magistrates, including the praetor, were also entrusted with this command .
The imperium of the consuls was considered to be maius and thus greater than that of the praetor. This meant that the consul could intervene against the praetor but the praetor could not do the same. This also enabled the praetor to see the things which were not regulated by the ius civile, but where needed in a society and in the economic life of Rome. The Praetor could also delegate this imperium to other persons who were non-magistrates. Other than imperium the praetor held jurisdiction which showed how he had the unlimited ...
... middle of paper ...
...(unpublished Ph.D thesis, University of Aberdeen)
Inst. Gai.3. 18.
These could not inherit each other, except the widow in the case of a manus marriage. As defined by Andrew Borkowski and Paul du Plessis in ‘Textbook on Roman Law’, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press.
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, Volume 43, Adolf Berger, The American Philosophical Society, Independence Square, Philadelphia
The method of acquiring ownership and title by usucapio
The Principles of Roman law and their relation to Modern Law, William Livesey Burdich, The Law Exchange Ltd. Clark, New Jersey, 2004
The First Year of Roman Law, Fernand Bernard, Translated by Charles P. Sherman D.C.L, Oxford University Press
As defined by Black’s Law Dictionary
Pomponius, Libro singularii enchiridia (D. 1. 2. 2. pr. -53)
Papinianus, Libro [II] <1> definitionum (D. 1. 1. 7. pr. -1)
Epistemology as Discussed in The Republic The history of philosophy can be viewed as the result of the work of an obscure Athenian whose voluminous works, penetrating questions, novel ideas, and didactic teachings have shaped the flow of nearly all philosophic thought. It has been said that the influence of the ancient Greek philosopher named Plato has laid the foundation for Western culture. Plato was born to an aristocratic family in Athens in 428/427 B.C. As a young man, Plato studied poetry, but later
Introduction Platonic philosophy begins to appear in the middle dialogues. What are the important elements of this philosophy? The middle dialogues are dominated by the theory of the Forms. This is a theory that Plato developed from certain seldom-stated assumptions that Socrates held. Socrates' view was that the reason he and his interlocutors failed to find definitions for things was that they were stuck in case-based, specific examples. Does bravery mean fighting against a person stronger than
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upon, as explained by Socrates in Plato’s Republic. Throughout the eight books of Socratic dialogue the ideal state and ideas of justice are debated, on both individual and state levels. The guidelines for a perfect state and how it will come about are thoroughly described. Socrates covers every aspect of political life and how it should work stating that “until power and philosophy entirely coincide… cities will have no rest form evils” . In Plato’s Republic Socrates emphasizes the superiority of the
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The Republic of Plato explores the meaning of Justice from both an individual and societal point of view. It also looks into the incorporation of Justice into human society, in other words, how to create an ideal state of social order in a society. This is carried out through the various dialogues and arguments between Socrates and other individuals. During this process, Socrates gave a detailed analysis of the formation, structure and the organization of an ideal State, and through this, vindicate
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The role of virtue in Plato’s Republic is to give structure to the ideal State. This is because it is argued that, man, left to his own convictions and outwardly just will give into the temptation to be unjust when it benefits him and when he has certainty he will not be caught. In Book IV Plato, through Socrates as a character discusses the virtues that make up this ideal State; they are wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice.Wisdom, courage, and temperance are attributed to three classes that
In Republic, Plato applies his account on the structure of training human cognition to understand justice and further process the personal development through discussion; to counsel towards improved political circumstances. He establishes the ideology that intellectual pursuits are staged based on age and knowledge, therefore clarifying, he describes how justice can only be obtained by the individuals who have conceived and developed their ability to the fullest. According to Plato, the ultimate
Plato's Republic: THe Virtues I. The Virtues In Robin Waterfield's translation of The Republic,Socrates attempts to give a definition of justice. At the end of Book II he began a detailed description of the construction of a good city. The good city is a relation to the human soul, and its four virtues. In the following paper I will discuss the virtues, what they are and where they are found. Also discussed will be the foundation, arrangement, and the interconnectedness with each one. Next discussed