Due to rapid urbanization, large infrastructures are being developed, which undergo renovation and modification from time to time, generating a huge volume of construction waste. Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste materials, generated by various construction and demolition activities are normally referred to as solid wastes. Construction waste is a solid wastes from the construction, remodeling and repairing of individual residences, commercial buildings, and other civil engineering structures. Demolition wastes are defined as the wastes from demolished buildings and roads. The modern world generates huge amounts of waste, which imposes a lot of pressure on the environment. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste materials are normally …show more content…
Additionally, natural calamities like earthquake may lead to destruction of strcutures, creating significant amount of solid demolition waste. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste includes waste from demolished structures, renovations in the real estate sector and construction and repair of roads, flyovers, bridges, etc. A primary component of these construction and demolition wastes is building derived materials. Proper disposal of these solid wastes is an area of prime concern in the modern world, especially in the developing countries.. Globally, cities generate about 1.3 billion tons of solid waste per year. This volume is expected to increase to 2.2 billion tons by 2025, says a 2012 report by the World Bank. Building materials account for approximately half of all materials used and about half the solid waste generated worldwide. But C&D waste can be an invaluable source of building material. In fact, the recent debate in India over sand mining has put the spotlight on the need to recycle, reuse and substitute naturally sourced building material (such as …show more content…
Moreover, the demolition of concrete structures and disposal of the associated wastes is an environmental problem. Rejected construction materials and building derived materials (BDM) constitutes the single largest portion of these wastes, amounting to 2.40 – 3.67 million tonnes per annum (Meyer, 2004). For example, in the US, approximately 49% of the utility wastes (e.g. fly ash which can be produced while generating electricity from coal) are simply landfilled, 41% are contained in surface impoundments, and about 10% are disposed of by discharging into old quarry operations (Provis and van Deventer, 2009). Thus, it is imperative to adopt innovative technqiues to utilize rejected concrete wherever applicable, instead of producing fresh
Landfills have been around for a long time. They have been used to get rid of our garbage so we don’t have to figure out how. Some think landfills are still a good idea. However there are many people that think landfills are harmful to us. There are other things that we in the United States can do to help with removal of our garbage or waste besides send it to the landfills. So closing down landfills would be a good idea or we could close down as many as we can. To be able to get rid of the landfills Americans need to learn more about composting, recycling and incineration as other forms of waste removal.
‘Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle’ are what a person chants if someone mentions the word recycling. Nicks J defines recycling as ‘[T]he processing of waste materials in order to make them reusable” (11). Individuals who recycle are not just throwing papers in green bins, or cans in blue; in fact, they are helping the environment more than they can imagine. People who want to preserve and protect their planet take the initiative to recycle waste materials. Rather than throwing away old plastic or glass bottles, aluminum cans, and certain types of paper, one can simply recycle them, and they will go through a cleaning and the remanufacturing process to be remade into a new usable item. There are many benefits of recycling, but a lot of people will argue against it. As Bauer, Mary states, “[Recycling] is a messy process That uses caustic chemicals and produces harmful byproducts and emissions” (12). Regardless, recycling programs have been implemented in many places such as California and Georgia and have been successful. Hence, individual’s states in the United States should make recycling mandatory because recycling will reduce E-Waste pollution, reduce waste, and benefit the economy.
In many countries the term municipal solid waste (MSW) has different means. Now here in the United States it is commonly known as trash or garbage but in the United Kingdom it would be called refuse or rubbish. It is a waste type consisting of everyday items that people use and then throw away. These things consist of grass clippings, furniture, clothing, batteries, newspapers, food scraps and many other things that are used in our homes, schools, hospitals and businesses (EPA, 2014). It was reported that in 2012 Americans generated almost 251 million tons of trash and only recycled and composted almost 87 million tons (EPA, 2014). Therefore, municipal solid waste is the things we throw away every day.
Waste management is the operation of how waste materials are handled. The affair of waste management is relevant to everyone world-wide. Wastes are materials that have no further economic use, and when disposed of, are hazardous to humans and the environment. Wastes include solid waste, liquid wastes, and air pollutants created by humans and cannot be naturally recycled. Current waste management techniques need to be completely overhauled because funding in government budget is not enough to meet standards, landfills are reaching their maximum capacity worldwide, and nuclear waste storage must be handled correctly. Waste management has been a highly thought about complication for global authorities. Due to
Have you or a loved one ever been hospitalized? Most of the time when we go to a hospital, we are only concerned that our loved one is receiving the best care available. The best care should mean that the hospital uses sterile supplies and disposes of them appropriately. All these sterile supplies generate a lot of waste. Medical waste is the third largest source of waste in the United States. (Globalization 101) Hospitals in the United States produce more than 5.9 million tons of waste annually. (Practice Greenhealth) Large urban hospitals can generate more than two million tons of waste each year. (Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives ) Medical waste is a major problem and if it is not disposed properly it can affect humans and other things in this world. Dumping refuse into the ocean, particularly medical waste, affects not only sea life, but also human life.
Such as general domestic garbage, food waste, ash and packaging materials, human manure, emergency waste like plastic and paper, remains from disaster, mud and dirt that came from natural disaster, and many more.
In 1947 cities and towns in India generated an estimated 6 million tonnes of solid waste, in 1997 it was about 48 million tonnes. More than 25% of the municipal solid waste is not collected at all; 70% of the Indian cities lack adequate capacity to transport
Recycling has been something that has always been in human society. Even before the modern era humans still used and reused natural resources to survive and develop as a society. Here in the US, recycling didn 't really make its impact until the 1940s, during the second world war and has only started to advance even further within the last 15 years as more efforts for environmental preservation are being made. From schools, and major companies down to individual homes, recycling programs can be found in most countries that are developed. As technology continues to grow many advancements have been made in renewable resources like solar or electrical power. Recycling though being around much longer has only recently made strides like collecting
In this paper report we have discussed about the use of recycled concrete aggregate in the concrete and the effects on its compressive strength by progressively replacing the natural concrete aggregate (NCA) by recycled aggregate. It is the experimental study of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) when it is compared with the natural concrete aggregate on account of its properties.
...that can’t be recycled will end up in a landfill (Figure 6). According to Emmanuel (2004) construction and demolition waste accounts “for about 29% of overall landfill volumes in the USA, more than 50% in UK and up to 30% in Australia” and can have consequences. Solid waste which is treated incorrectly can clog drain systems and contaminate groundwater at engineered landfills.
Solid waste can be classified in different types, depending on their source, household waste is generally classified as municipal waste; industrial waste as hazardous waste or hospital waste as infections waste. It quite obvious that South Africa environment is deteriorated by the illegal dumping area that around here. Solid waste is a major problem this country is facing at the moment. The province that is experience this major problem is Gauteng province, this an urban area am taking about, and since it’s clear that over population is the cause of the problem. Gauteng province is an over populated than rural area .solid waste pollution is refuse or garbage that people use in their everyday life in their house, such as plastic
America and Europe are at the top of the list for most waste generated according to Waste (4). This is very visible because there’s litter on every street in the towns and cities, as well in lakes, beaches, and rivers. The book Waste by Rob Bowden states that the amount of waste produced is increasing at a rate faster than population growth. About 1.5 million computers, in the U.K, are thrown away each year and most end up in landfills. There are 3 types of waste which are Municipal Solid Waste, Industrial Waste, and Hazardous waste. MSW includes waste from public garbage cans and local dumpsters. Industrial Waste includes massive amounts of waste water that is contaminated with chemicals. Hazardous waste is the most dangerous as it presents a danger to human health and the environment. Solutions for waste disposal take time because people need to consider their lifestyle and limit the amount of waste they generate. A good start is to recycle items such as paper, cans, plastic, and clothes. This way they don’t end up in landfills, beaches, or streets. Another solution is to join organizations that go around places to recycle, or organizations that demand the reduction in the amount of products that are being
Policy is needed to regulate which course of action should be taken and how it should be implemented. Because of this, many plans and policies revolving around the management of solid waste have been put in place. Sometimes however, a particular policy can have its shortfalls, potentially resulting in its negative aspects outweighing the positive ones. According to the Conference Board of Canada Report, “Canadians dispose of more municipal solid waste per capita than any other country” (2013). Solid waste management in particular, involves many aspects, ranging from packaging waste, food waste, etc. (White & Franke 1999), hence, the following analysis revolves around household and commercial waste – referred to as Municipal Solid Waste (White & Franke. 1999) – in the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Municipal waste is a major health and environmental concern as it contributes to numerous problems like habitat destruction, surface groundwater pollution, and other forms of air, soil, and water contamination. Waste disposal methods like incineration create toxic substances, and landfills emit methane, which contributes to global warming. According to the Zero Waste Objective Report, “The impact of climate change and the increasing awareness of the role of “waste” and “wasting” in the production of greenhouse gas emissions is a constant environmental pressure… (2009). This leads to an increasing limitation of government to prevent and control the volume and toxicity of products in the waste stream and a growing need to shift responsibility to the product manufacturer.
The average resident produces seven and a half pounds of garbage every day that is buried down in landfills and litter lands, costing a great amount of money. Nowadays, people face no more critical problem than the need to save the weakening environment, mainly in urban areas, where solid wastes are uselessly dumped. It has been observed that cities have no controlled structure for garbage disposal. Each year, millions of dollars are spent picking up litter and more is thrown away in valuable materials that could be recycled. As humanity develops new technology and equipment, the level of waste increases every day.
The solid wastes are produce not only by households; it’s contributed by hospitals and corporations. Hospitals throw away bandages, use needles and latex gloves, these items hospitals throw away daily all the time because they can’t be reuse for the safety of its patients. Corporations throw away a lot of waste as well such as papers that they use whether in writing or in projects. All of these leftovers after consumptions are waste that is produced by our daily actions.