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Film industry during depression
Film industry during depression
Great depression film industry
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The 1950’s were a bad time for the movie industry. Not only was television growing in popularity, but suburbia was on the rise, and with it came a wide variety of leisure activities. Also, the baby boom was happening, so families had to stay home and look after their kids. With all of that in mind, the movie industry was in quite a pickle. The only crumb of comfort they may have had would be the Drive-in Theater. Even with these places going strong, the film industry was still hurting, so they brought in a wide variety of technologies to help boost box office revenues. The first method was Cinerama. A 1930’s industrial technology, Cinerama was defined as using a camera with three lenses and three rolls of film to create a panoramic view in a modified theater. In a Cinerama presentation, the three rolls of film are put into three individual projectors arranged in a very particular manner, giving the viewer full peripheral vision. Add five sound speakers in the front and two in the back, and one will have a truly immersive theater experience. Although this method enjoyed success with “This is Cinerama,” this, like almost all methods to follow, would be short lived thanks to This method spawned what is known by film historians as the “3-D Craze.” This method used two cameras about as close together as two human eyes, and the projected images are passed through two polarized filters, red and blue, as they go through the two projectors. Like the method before it, this method found success with “Bwana Devil,” an otherwise cheesy African film with effects that almost literally moved audiences with the special effects used, some even ducking behind their seats for some scenes. However, like Cinerama, “Natural vision suffered from its own brand of problems, including headaches and eyestrain, and an overall annoyance with having to wear special
There first invention produced was the Technicolor System 1 Additive Color, which I’m sorry to say flopped massively due to the unfortunate screening of The Gulf Between in 1917 which only a few frames remain of this film today. This was the first public premier of the technology and was disastrous. The film was captured through two separate filters red and green and the light through those two filters was captured on a single reel of film, when processed this negative had red and green information captured on a black and white reel, when this was processed the reel was placed into a projector and then threw red and green filters. To project the image an adjustable prism that had to manually lined up by the projectionist as two separate images formed on the projection screen this did not work as planned as the projectionist failed to line up the images correctly.
The roaring twenties would be nothing without the roar of the MGM Lion. “If Hollywood had no other studio than Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the town still would have been the movie capital of the world” (Fricke para 1). MGM enchanted audiences with its high-budgeted films and glamorous list of stars (Hanson para 1). Three failing movie companies came together in 1924 in hopes to make it big in the motion picture industry, and it did (Fricke para 3). Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer created spectacles of movies after its merging which made MGM one of the most prosperous motion picture companies in the 1920’s (Hanson para 2).
Many of the studios in Hollywood owned their own cinemas, in fact the big five, MGM, Paramount, RKO, Warner Bros’ and Twentieth Century Fox owned 80% of all first run cinemas in the US with complete control of them in 78 of the 95 main cities. This meant that the studios had a lot of say in what pictures they wanted to show their audience. Throughout the 1930’s and early 40’s the great depression affected many industries in America including the film industry. Theatre attendance rates plummeted from an average of 90 million prior to the depression to an average of 60 million a week during it. This caused 34% of film theatres to closedown nationwide. The studios introduced strategies to counter the depression such as location planning, building theatres in shopping areas where attendance is guaranteed, and making t...
For example, the documentary ‘The Snake Wrangler’ shows the use of these techniques to appeal and engage the audience. The Snake Wrangler wasn’t constructed to entertain the audience but to rather convey a certain message to them. Philip Rosen shows what happens when we don’t use this method, using the earliest actuality films to make this point. In their making, the camera was simply set down and pointed in such a way as to film whatever was in front of it, at the moment when it was operated. It recorded fragments selected from the space and time continuum of the real world, such as the onrush of workers from the Lumière Factory. The projector then presented what the camera had registered and the significance of those shots lay in their photographic credibility: they seemed to show fragments of reality to the audience. This however didn’t allow the filmmaker with the opportunity to fill the text with meaning: in the instance, we found very little about the Lumière workers, other than that they are leaving the factory. Therefore, to give greater depth to these silent actuality films cinematic art is significant. The definition has stood the test of time because it allows for all manner of producer intervention. Yet it is also constantly challenged and always surrounded by controversies, for it prompts questions such as how much and what sort of actuality might remain after the creative
A variety of films were created during the Great Depression era. For the most part, the films created between 1929 and 1940 featured a better life. Although the Great Depression took a huge toll on many other industries, the film industry still managed to make large profits compared to other businesses. All these films were produced during the same time period however, they all provide different details about life during this time period; specifically, they provide a different look on how women were treated in the 1930s. Such movies include Room Service, Modern Times, and The Public Enemy. Every film is different from the next, though many have several similarities. Modern Times and Public Enemy are similar to each other because of how they feature women, while Room Service is completely different. In Room Service, women were portrayed as equal to man; while in Modern Times, no women were featured as workers in the factory.
The 1930s was the beginning of the great film industry we have today. The 1930s (and some of the 1940s) was dubbed “The Golden Age of Hollywood”. This was the decade color and sound were introduced to film industry. Because of the Great Depression many families did not have any money and therefore wanted a cheap source of entertainment. Movies not only included a full length movie, but a cartoon, a newsreel and second movie called a “B-film”. This second film was not as good of quality as the main movie (A-film) and had lower quality. These films were allowed to experiment more with their topics than “A-films”. The prestigious films were expected to be about a topics that were popular and would then produce higher profits. The first drive-in
The formal characteristics of the work are crucial in their produced effect upon the audience. It is a four panel screen landscape, whose size of 7354 cubic meters is made referent in the title. Despite its monumental size, the work does not function as an oppressive weapon but rather a positive force, one that is able to free us from our inhibitions. Rist frequently experiments with the various ways in which video can be projected onto surfaces. Though she does not push the technical boundaries of the video medium medium, she nonetheless pushes the limits within video projection. Requiring seven different projectors to be linked seamlessly, her work is a technical achievement for this feat alone. A large circular couch occupies the center of the exhibition space. Its shape is meant to be reminiscent of the human iris, but also bring to mind the iris of the camera as well.
Technology has had a huge impact on the world, especially the film industry. It has had a long past and as the technology advances, it becomes more and more realistic. It all began with the first machine patented in the United States that showed animated pictures or movies. It was called the “wheel of life” or “zoopraxiscope” and was patented in 1867 by William Lincoln. Moving drawings or photographs were watched through a slit in the zoopraxiscope. However, modern motion picture making began with the invention of the motion picture camera. Frenchman Louis Lumiere is usually credited with the creation of the first motion picture camera in 1895, but several others were invented around the same time. What Lumiere invented was a portable motion picture camera, film processing unit and a projector called the Cinematography, all three functions in one invention. This made motion pictures very popular and it is also known as beginning the motion picture era. In 1895, Lumiere and his brother were the first to present projected, moving, photographic pictures to a paying audience of more than one person. However, they were also not the first to project film. In 1891, the Edison Company successfully demonstrated the Kinetoscope which allowed one person at a time to view moving pictures. Also in 1896, he showed the improved Vitascope projector and it was the first commercially successful projector in the United States.
The 18th century has marked the commencement of the innovation of cinematography. The invention of cinema owes its existence to a few investors and scientists who are broadly known for laying down its foundation. Among those pioneers are the Lumiere brothers who were some of the earliest contributors to cinema, inventing the first real film camera called the "cinematographe", which effectively functioned as a camera, projector and printer all in one (Barnauw, 1993:6). Thus giving rise to the art of film making. Initially, in the early years of cinema since there was no developed structure [or language] to tell cinematic stories, the early Lumiere brother?s films such as Workers leaving the Lumiere factory (1895) and The Arrival of a Train at the Station (1895), were composed of a single shot, no camera movement and only one continuous action from beginning to end (Obalil, 2007).
Eadweard Muybridge was a director who made the first movie in 1878, The Horse in Motion. He used multiple cameras and put the individual pictures into a movie. Muybridge’s movie was just pictures of a galloping horse. Muybridge also invented the Zoopraxiscope,the first ever movie projector that made short films and movies. It was able to quickly project images, creating what is known as motion photography and the first movie to ever exist. To use the Zoopraxiscope a disc is put on the device and is turned. As the disc turns, the images are projected onto the screen and the movie starts ...
Imagine sitting in the front seat of a car, watching a movie, eating popcorn and other good food, and running into other friends and family members. This was a common occurrence with drive-in movie theaters during the 1960s.Teenagers mostly went to the drive-ins because they would see how many people they could fit into a car trunk to lower the admission price. Families with younger kids enjoyed going to the drive-ins because it was a major convenience for them. For some people they went to the drive-ins to get away from their families and friends. Drive-ins were a popular form of entertainment during the 1960s.Drive-ins were designed to give people more room rather than be crammed into seats in a traditional
Imagine sitting in the front seat of a car, watching a movie, eating popcorn and other good food, and running into other friends and family members. This was a common occurrence with drive-in movie theaters during the 1960s.Teenagers mostly went to the drive-ins because they would see how many people they could fit into a car trunk to lower the admission price. Families with younger kids enjoyed going to the drive-ins because it was a major convenience for them. For some people they went to the drive-ins to get away from their families and friends. Drive-ins were a popular form of entertainment during the 1960s.Drive-ins were designed to give people more room rather than be cramped in seats in a traditional
It is no doubt that Martin Scorsese has heavily influenced the emulating of American film making from European influences. He is a prime example of a ‘New Hollywood Cinema’ director, not only from his ethnicity and background, but from his sheer interest in this form
Film-making is both an art and an industry. Many people were credited for the invention of motion picture. Some major names associated with motion picture include, Thomas Edison, Eadweard Muybridge, and the Lumiere brothers. There were several stages in the making of motion picture.
This principle was later detailed by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1490. Camera obscura refers to a “darkened room” which was originally a room that was sealed from light with the exception for a tiny hole in one wall. An image could be projected, reversed or upside down, onto a wall or on a white screen opposite the opening. The image could then be traced on translucent paper (Hemphill, 2003). Perspective and projective geometry is considered to be the basic principles from which the theory of photogrammetry is developed (Klinkenberg, n.d.).