The Link Between Cancer and Mitosis
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the developed countries,
accounting for around one in four deaths. In Britain it caused about
25% of the deaths h in 1991 and is the most common cause of death
following cardiovascular disease. There are, in fact, over 200
different forms of cancer, which is why it is not necessarily thought
of as a single disease. For example, breast cancer is the most common
form in women and lung cancer in men.
Cancers are a result of uncontrolled mitotic cell division, which is
the division of one cell to produce two genetically identical daughter
cells. The problem is cased by mutations or abnormal activation of the
genes which control cell division. We can say that a gene has been
mutated if there is a change in one of the bases; for example, one
base turns (e.g. adenine) into another base (e.g. thymine). This can
lead to uncontrolled cell division. When genes are abnormal (or have
been mutated) they are called oncogenes (onkos means tumour), about a
hundred of which have been discovered. Cancerous cells will divide
uncontrollably and repeatedly forming clones of genetically identical
cells. Therefore, thought the mutation may start off in only one cell,
it can be passed on to the cells decedents, so the daughter cells will
too have the mutated gene. Eventually an irregular mass of relatively
undifferentiated cells called a tumour is formed. By the time a tumour
is detected it may contain about a thousand, million cells, which show
abnormal changes in shape.
There are basically two different types of tumours- malignant and
benign. Tumour that spread and even...
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...t cells. Burkitt's
lymphoma, for example, is caused by a virus and is the mist common
cancer in children in certain parts of Africa. Cervical cancer is an
example of a type of cancer that can be transmitted sexually.
Some people are said to have a hereditary predisposition to cancer,
due to it being common in their families. This provides evidence of a
genetic link. In most cases thought the disease itself is not
inherited but susceptibility to the factors that cause the disease
are. However some forms of cancer do appear to be caused by the
inheritance of a single faulty gene. For example, Retionblastoma,
which is caused by an error in chromosome 13.
It is believe that development of a malignant cancer cell involves
several step and is not cause by just one factor, but more than one
working over several years.
The incidence rate for children between 0 and 19 years old was 5.13 per 100,000. For adults over 20 years of age, the incidence rate was 26.8 per 100,000. The rate was higher in females (22.3 per 100,000) than males (18.8 per 100,000).
norm throughout history because of the high death rates in the beginning of the 19th century. In
Every year, one point five million Americans are diagnosed. Diabetes remains the seventh leading cause of death in the United States in 2015. 79,535 death certificates listed it as the underlying cause of death, and a total of 252,806 death certificates listed diabetes as an underlying or contributing cause of death in 2015. The total cost of diagnosed diabetes in the United States in 2012 was two-hundred and forty-five billion (Statistics About
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis. Meiosis and mitosis describes the process by which cells divide. either by asexual or sexual reproduction to produce a new organism. Meiosis is a form of cell division that produces gametes in humans.
This was I think the most surprising stat that I found. The leading cause of death in
Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. (2009) WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Heart disease is the leading cause of death for American men and women, accounting for 1 out of every 4 deaths each year. Every 34 seconds someone has a heart attack and each minute someone dies from a heart disease-related event. There are approximately 715,000 heart attacks and 600,000 deaths each year due to heart disease in the United States. Although the frequency of CAD is similar in both black and white populations, the death rate from CAD is greater for blacks than for whites. In 2009 African Americans were 30% more likely to die from a heart disease than non-Hispanic white men. CABG is the most common type of open-heart surgery in the United States, with more than 500,000 surgeries performed each year. Angioplasty is done on more than 1 million people a year in the United States.
death among young adults. One in every five American parents personally knows a child that has
Murphy SL, Xu JQ, and Kochanek KD. “Deaths: Final data for 2010. National vital statistics reports.” 61.4 (2013): Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2013. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
Each year 440,000 people die of diseases caused by smoking, that is about 20 percent of all deaths in the United States. The number of women dying from lung cancer has shown a dramatic increase while the number of men dying from lung cancer has shown a gradual reduction. This reflects the increase in smoking among women after the Second World War. In Scotland and the United States, death in women from lung cancer now exceed those from breast cancer. Smoking related heart disease and stroke occur in both men and women.
Just as breast cancer is killing our African American women, heart disease is also one of the major diseases killing our women. Heart disease is one of the nation’s leading causes of death in both woman and men. About 600,000 people die of heart disease in the United States (Americas heart disease burden, 2013). Some facts about heart disease are every year about 935,000 Americans have a heart attack. Of these, 610,000 are a first heart attack victim. 325,000 happen in people who have already had a heart attack. Also coronary heart disease alone costs the United States $108.9 billion each year. This total includes the cost of health care services, medications, and loss of productivity. Deaths of heart disease in the United States back in 2008 killed about 24.5% of African Americans.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (C.D.C.) June 18, 1993. Mortality Trends and Leading Causes of Death Among Adolescents and Young Adults – United States, 1979-1988. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 42(23);459-462
Cancer develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of
American Indians also have one of the highest reported rates of depression or anxiety and, consequently, suicide is the 8th largest cause of death among this group. More than one-quarter of American Indians are a smoker which is a higher rate than any other ethnic group, and about one-fifth of American Indians are binge drinkers. Risky health behaviors such as these can lead to health problems including cancer, chronic liver disease, unintentional injuries, diabetes and heart conditions, which are the top five leading causes of death for American Indians. Furthermore, the rate of unintentional injuries among American Indian individuals is higher than any other racial and ethnic group and constitutes the third leading cause of death. Almost half of these unintentional injuries are due to motor vehicle accidents and, of the deaths caused by motor vehicle accidents on reservations, 56% are due to alcohol-related crashes which is 15% more than the national average. The overall mortality rate is the third highest among American Indians when compared to that of other ethnic groups, and many of these deaths are from preventable conditions. In fact, American Indians are the only ethnic group for whom preventable chronic liver disease is one of the ten leading causes
cause of death in females. It is the third leading cause of death for people 10