one plus one system is used in order to ensure all females have been mated twice by the same male by March 22 (CCFAR 203). A double mating is desired to ensure that the female will be successfully mated. After the female has been mated both times, it is important not to handle her or cause her any undue stress that may compromise a successful implantation. It is also important to ensure that there are no unnecessary noises or distractions during mating such as loud voices or clothing.
The Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research uses the one plus nine mating system as previously explained. Table 1 shows the observations of five different mating pairs from the Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research. Each of the pairs was mated on March 7, 2014 and March 10, 2014, allowing for a total of two mating’s per pair. The results in Table 1 also show the number of live, dead and weaned kits from both the dam and sires dam, in each mating pair. Generally, each mink mated comes from a dam that had a high number of live kits, low number of dead kits and a high number of kits weaned. This is the reason each of these mink was chosen for mating, with hopes of increasing survivability as the Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research is facing Aleutian’s Disease. This year, 2014, was the first mating season for all of the mink found in Table 1, and therefore no information was available regarding their previous breeding season. Typically, information from the previous breeding season will also be used to determine which animals to breed such as information on number of kits, ease of breeding, whelping, lactation and weaning. All of the mating’s found in Table 1 were completed between 9:00 and 9:30 am.
Table 1. Results from mink mating’s at Ca...
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...ir weaning weight recorded (CCFAR 208). This is done by first removing and weighing the dam and then removing and weighing the kits by sorting them by their sex (CCFAR 208). After the dam and kits have been separated they must be monitored and fed immediately. Monitoring of the dam is especially important in order to record her body condition and any damages to her teats (CCFAR 208).
During birth, lactation and weaning there is a lot of information that is collected. During birth the ease of birth and number of kits born live and dead is recorded. During lactation, the number of kits being fed by the dam as well as the health of the dam and any kits being fostered is recorded. During weaning, the number kits weaned from each sex as well as their weight and the dam’s weight is recorded. Weight and health concerns are recorded throughout birth, lactation and weaning.
The American Mink (Mustela Vison) is a small, short haired animal belonging to the Mustelidae family. Much similar to a ferret in appearance the mink has short legs, short hair, a long tail, and a long sleek body with a long neck. It also has a small face, with small features, such as ears, a mouth, a nose and a pair of eyes. This report is consisted of a comprehensive commentary about the differences in the respiratory system between the mink and a human.
it is proven that a bond between a baby and one who feeds it is very
According to Klaus and Kennell, there are specific events, including skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant that must occur directly following the birth of a primate infant. This maximizes the chances of survival for the newborn not only because their mother is a source of food, but also because they will learn the culture they need to be successful in their environment. In the study, Klaus and Kennell test how much time a baby spends crying when they are separated from their mother. They concluded the increased time in babies that were separated was due to the anxiety that separation caused. The difficulty in this is that the cause of the baby’s distress is subjective. Also the notion of critical period proposed that the bonds and lessons taught during that time could not be developed later.
Neonatal nursing is a field of nursing designed especially for both newborns and infants up to 28 days old. The term neonatal comes from neo, "new", and natal, "pertaining to birth or origin”. Neonatal nurses are a vital part of the neonatal care team. These are trained professionals who concentrate on ensuring that the newborn infants under their care are able to survive whatever potential life threatening event they encounter. They treat infants that are born with a variety of life threatening issues that include instances of prematurity, congenital birth defects, surgery related problems, cardiac malformations, severe burns, or acute infection. Neonatal care in hospitals was always done by the nursing staff but it did not officially become a specialized medical field until well into 1960s. This was due to the numerous advancements in both medical care training and related technology that allowed for the improved treatment and survival rate of premature babies. According to the March of Dimes, one of every thirteen babies born in the United States annually suffers from low birth weight. This is a leading cause in 65% of infant deaths. Therefore, nurses play a very important role in providing round the clock care for these infants, those born with birth defects or other life threatening illness. In addition, these nurses also tend to healthy babies while their mothers recover from the birthing process. Prior to the advent of this specialized nursing field at risk newborn infants were mostly cared for by obstetricians and midwives who had limited resources to help them survive (Meeks 3).
The merits of double-gloving are obvious to many individuals; it provides two layers of protection instead of one, for instance. Greater protection from pathogens is implied in this system. One might assume that in clinical settings, it would be foolish not to require healthcare workers to double-glove. There are, however, downsides to the double-glove system, as well as lack of improvement in preventing the spread of pathogens when comparing double-gloving to single-gloving. These factors must also be explored before double-gloving can be crowned as a superior method for protecting both patients and clinicians from the spread of pathogens.
This birthing plan is often documented in the patient’s medical record which aids the health care staff during the birthing event. Documentation and discussion of these events is often necessary to ensure all the needs of the family are met. Too often all the potential needs are not discussed and the opportunity to meet the needs of the new family is missed. These missed opportunities can result in emotional and religious conflicts within the family unit and toward the health care staff. For the nurse leader these missed opportunities in care could result in unfavorable patient satisfaction scores and reports within and outside the institution which necessitates follow up. The most important missed opportunity is how this affects the family unit itself. Depending on the missed opportunity the family unit may be affected for years based on questions not asked or decisions made with poor information. Some cultures must bury the placenta after birth and if this was not discussed and the placenta discarded the religious implications could be devastating for this family. Application of Henderson’s need theory guides the nurse in the educational plan for the patient-family unit to ensure all basic needs are covered and questions related to those needs are posed in advanced of the birthing
Hepper, P. (2007). Basic methods in infant research. In A. Slater & M. Lewis (Eds.), Introduction to Infant Development (2nd ed.) (pp. 41-62). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
1.1 Describe, in-depth, stages of development from conception to birth in groups of 4 weeks i.e. 0-4, 4-8, 8-12...36-40 weeks.
It is highly possible that something could go wrong causing the child to suffer. In the early stages of this new technology what would happen if something unexpected was to occur? Would the staff in charge of taking care of the fetuses be able to change settings on an instrument supporting the fetuses? In the rare event of a power outage or a natural disaster would a generator kick in fast enough to support these fetuses? These questions are all things that would have to be dealt with in the early stages of this new technology as well as in later stages. Supporting a life is not something that can be left unattended at any time.
...e baby still seems to have too much fluid in his or hers mouth or nose, the nurse may do further suctioning at this time. At one and five minutes after birth, an Apgar assessment will be done to evaluate the baby's heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, reflex response, and color. If the baby is doing well, the mother and the baby will not be separated. The nurse will come in from time to time to change diapers, check the babies temperature, and perform other tasks while the baby spends time with his or her mother and father (B. C. Board).
Smith, D. G., & Schenk, M. P. (n.d.). A Dissection Guide & Atlas to the Mink. Google Books. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://books.google.com/books?id=kifAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=male+mink+reproductive+system&source=bl&ots=6Q8L-rNG76&sig=L2TpamuuykxepCG7uaLJdmyTeuM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aa-DU8XFA8OhqAa2yIKYAw&ved=0CF0Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=male%20mink%20reproductive%20system&f
1These two populations are different species because they have different capabilities of performing in nature. For example there is behavioral isolation. My evidence for that is that in the data, it states that the average time spent in courtship display for the St. Kitts rodent is 12.6 seconds. While the courtship display for the Nevis Rodent is 21.3. You can see that there is a major difference in the way that they behave. Also there is another type of isolation which is gametic isolation. There is gametic isolation because the average gestation time for St. Kitts rodent is 29.3 days. The average gestation for the Nevis rodent is 42.7 days. Therefore a sperm from St. Kitts rodent wouldn’t survive in the reproductive tract of the Nevis rodent. It wouldn’t survive because it wouldn’t develop properly and is not accustomed to its environment. There is also another type of isolation happening with the rodents of St. Kitts. This type of isolation is called temporal isolation. There is temporal isolation because the article states, “the reproductive seasons are being delayed by up to one year.” This is talking about that the rodents are having a hard time finding mates therefore, their reproductive season is being delayed. Also in the article it states, “In the 240 attempts to bring a Nevis animal into the St. Kitts population, you are unable to observe a single successful reproductive event.” The rodents are mechanically isolated, because if you can’t have a reproductive event, there reproductive organs might not be matching with one another. Their appearance might look identical but they are genetically different.
The finch hybrids before the El Niño of 1983, two different species did not mate each other but during the child, a scandens mated with a fortis and produced four fledgings.
Metabolism is extremely altered during the transition period. The prepartum is marked by an accentuated fetus growth (Bauman and Bruce Currie, 1980) and the onset of lactation; however, the postpartum is marked by an increase in milk production over time and deficit on the intake of nutrients. This situation causes a negative balance of nutrients, when the intake of nutrients does not meet the requirements of the animal; more specifically about energy, it is well-known that transition cows undergo negative energy balance (NEB), and it is easily characterized by body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) loss. Bertics et al., 1992, and Hayirli et al., 2002, observed that DMI is affected during the prepartum period, showing a decrease of about 30% on the last couple weeks before parturition. After parturition, DMI increases to support mainly the demands for lactation but it is still not enough to meet the animal demands (NRC, 2001). DMI is directly related to milk yield and strategies have been developed to maximize intake in order to increase milk production, this shows its importance by the fact of an increase of about 1 kg on milk production at peak of lactation reflects about 200 kg of extra milk on the current lactation. Providing quality feed and maximizing DMI during the transition period is of high importance in minimizing NEB and its detrimental effects consequently improving milk production. Metabolic demands are increased to support lactation, and homeorhetic adaptations occur to partition nutrients to the mammary gland. A good example it is the glucose metabolism, an important metabolite used as main fuel for cells and also transformed in lactose by the mammary gland, which is affected in order of trying to meet th...
Sikes, Roberts. and William L. Gannon. "Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research." Journal of Mammalogy 92.1 (Feb. 2011): 235-253. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 5 Oct. 2011.