The Holderness Coastline
The infamous Holderness Coastline is located on the East coast of
Yorkshire, stretching from Flamborough Head to Spurn Point. In the
last 2000 years the coastline has retreated by almost 400m and since
Roman times over 28 villages have disappeared into the sea between
Bridlington and Spurn Head. About a million years ago the Yorkshire
coastline was a line of chalk cliffs almost 32km west of where it now
is. During the Ice Age deposits of soft boulder clay were built up
against these cliffs to form the new coastline. It is this soft sand
and clay which is easily eroded by the action of waves, as the ocean
slowly claims back the region it used to occupy.
There are several factors which have resulted in this region
experiencing one of the fastest rates of erosion. One already
mentioned is the material which is being eroded, or the geology of the
land. The boulder clay deposited 20,000 years ago as a result of the
last retreating ice age is a soft rock of little resistance. Although
it also cannot quite be classed as a rock as the process of diagenisis
has not been completed (the transformation of sediment into a
sedimentary rock) classing it as an 'unconsolidated rock'. This
boulder clay is also impermeable, holding water it its pore spaces.
This causes heavily water logged sea cliffs, which often results in
rotational slumping as the saturated cliff face slides forwards onto
the beach, and is eroded away. In some places the clay cliffs are
eroded as fast as 6 metres per year, but the average is 1.8 metres per
year, which is ten times greater than that of chalk. Regions where
erosion is at a fast rate, it i...
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... once hundreds of metres away, but is
now only a few feet. The loss of the Gas Terminal would result in the
loss of hundreds of jobs and the loss of a very expensive structure.
This would cause a great change upon human activity in the area, and
there seems little that can be done to economically protect it.
Land and house prices along the coastline have fallen dramatically,
and some people have opted to pay thousands to have their houses moved
back from the coastline to savour at most a few more years' occupancy.
The overall population of the area is falling, as there are few
attractive prospects to either keep existing people there or attract
new people.
Many businesses are losing out, as tourism in the region decreases, so
does income, and therefore profit. This is affecting shops, holiday
parks, and hotels.
Investigating the Geographical Processes that are Affecting the Physical and Built Coastal Environment There are three geographical processes that are affecting the physical and built coastal environment, they are; erosion, deposition, and transportation. Erosion is the group of natural processes, including weathering, dissolution, abrasion, corrosion, and transportation, by which material is worn away from the earth’s surface, this is mainly caused by wind, running water, and waves breaking on the coast. Deposition is the depositing something or the laying down of matter by a natural process. Transportation is when sand is moved along the coast by long shore drift. At North Cronulla beach erosion is evident.
Case Study of Hastings Coastal Management Hastings is a town on the south coast of England approximately 60 miles south of London (see map below). In recent years, the coastline at Hastings has had to face many large scale problems, including the 10 km stretch from Hastings eastwards to the small town of Fairlight. With the coastline at constant exposure to the English Channel, there are many coastal processes which take place along the stretch of beach and cliff. [IMAGE][IMAGE] [IMAGE][IMAGE] Longshore Drift [IMAGE] Fetch [IMAGE]The map on the left illustrates the location of Hastings and also the area of the coastline which is being discussed in this case study.
Longshore drift is a process by which sediments are transported from one place to another. When this process occurs, beaches, spits and sandbars are accreted over time. If the process of longshore drift is altered by factors such as stronger winds and stronger currents, beach erosion begins at a faster rate and this may result in many serious problems. The main stakeholders of longshore drift are resort owners. They rely on people to visit their resorts and enjoy the beach. However, if longshore drift erodes t...
Coastal erosion is a growing problem along the Gulf Coast. Louisiana is one of the coastal states most affected by coastal erosion. Ninety percent of wetland loss in the nation occurs in Louisiana, losing 25-35 square miles per year. At that rate, Louisiana will lose 640,000 more acres by 2050. Many factors contribute to this land loss, such as rising sea levels, subsidence, hurricane storm surge, cold fronts, and human interference. Cold fronts and hurricanes can both have detrimental consequences on the coast of Louisiana (Zhang 2004) (Restore or Retreat 2012). This research shows whether cold fronts or hurricanes have a larger effect on coastal erosion. The researcher will describe how historical and current satellite imagery help in determining the changes in the Louisiana coast. Based on previous research, the researcher believes that hurricanes have more of an effect on coastal erosion than cold fronts due to the high winds and storm surge.
The Ocean Sea novel by Alesandro Baricco is a unique novel of several people who have different identities, goals and functions. All of the characters have somehow ended up in the Almayer Inn. The Ocean Sea defines all of the people in their identities, goals and functions except one unseen, but felt man who live in the seventh room of the Almayer Inn. Baricco distinguishes the Almayer Inn from other ordinary inns not only by giving some clues of an existing of a spiritual power in the Almayer Inn, but also by its location and its different guests. The Almayer Inn is on the beach and the guests are several people who have nothing in common; they do not share an age neither a goal. However, there is a mysterious man who live in the seventh room of the Almayer Inn and believed to be playing a significant part of all of the other people in the novel. In the end of the novel, the mysterious man leaves his room and disappears. Analyzing the facts that the children “the hosts” and the mysterious man were in the Almayer Inn first and leave last, children read their guests’ minds, act like
5. Kellert, S.R. and E.O. Wilson, editors. 1993 The Biophilia Hypothesis. Island Press, Washington, DC
In this excerpt of Kalypso’s speech to Hermês in The Odyssey, Kalypso discusses the biased manner in which affairs of the gods are handled. She tells Hermês that the gods are
Surfers, swimmers and sunbathers use beaches for recreation. People fish off beaches for food. Since many people take their vacations at the beach, lots of beaches in tropical locations are important to their country’s economy. Entire cities, regions and countries depend on the money tourists spend while visiting the beach. Beaches are naturally very dynamic places, but people try to control them and build permanent structures, such as houses, restaurants, shops and hotels, on or near the shore. The natural erosion and deposition of beaches becomes a problem. Beaches con disappear over time, or even over night during severe storms. Beaches are areas of loose sediment (sand, gravel, cobbles) controlled by ocean processes. Most beaches have several characteristic features. First are offshore bars, which help protect beaches from erosion. Next is the foreshore, which rises from the water toward the crest of the next feature; a berm. On low-lying shores, dunes form behind beaches. Dunes look like rolling hills of sand and are blown into place by the wind. New, smaller dunes are often changing shape as the wind continues to affect them. Waves and currents move the accumulated sediment constantly creating, eroding and changing the coastlines.
Rocky Shore Study Aim The aim of this investigation is to find where the lower, middle and upper zones on the rocky shore start and end by looking at the species present and absent in each zone. Apparatus 0.5m2 frame quadrat 2 marking poles Tape measure Method This investigation will be conducted when the tide is low on the rocky shore at Scarborough. In order to record a sample of the species along the rocky shore, an interrupted belt transect will be used to ensure the sample is representative of the whole population and so that the method is not too time consuming. A tape measure will be stretched on the ground from the low water mark to the high water mark.
After reading the book The Ocean at the End of the Lane by Neil Gaiman, it is clear to see that Lettie's sacrifice of her own life to save the Narrator's life builds on the theme that sacrifice is necessary to see the true meaning of life because with sacrifice in his life the narrator realized he had to improve his life and attempt to make the most out of it. Throughout the book, there are many instances where the narrator makes decisions that influence his life in a positive way. As a result of these choices, the narrator's life improves greatly in quality. For instance, when the narrator is a child, he stated that he did not have many friends and is very solitary. There are many cases when the narrator is a child where he is left alone and separated.
While it is possible for the actual sediment concentration (C) in the flow to equal Cmax, it is usually lower than Cmax by an amount depending on the strength of the soil matrix (β). The erodibility parameter (β) can be defined from the relationship,
Williams expresses in his forward how deeply he connects to this play and all of his writings. The theme of hotels is common within his plays, (Royal Palms hotel in St. Cloud on the Gulf Coast in this play) for not only do they act as a symbol of being tied to lustful tendencies and detached intimacy between strangers, but they represent flight. Like Chance, Williams could hardly settle in one place for an extended amount of time. He was always in a state of running whether that be for more life or out of fear. His lived a life “full of rented rooms.” Williams also shows a similarity to Chance through his struggles with vulnerability and the fear of losing what is most precious to him. Chance is essentially what Williams fears would become
Chofia Basumatary Course Instructor- Shelmi Sankhil Reading Fantasy: C.S Lewis and J.R.R Tolkien MA English (4th Sem) 15 February 2017 Fleeting Memories of a Chilling Childhood The Ocean at the End of the Lane By Neil Gaiman “I liked myths. They weren’t adult stories and they weren’t children’s stories.
Coastal Erosion operates at different rates and different times. Limestone rock is eroded slower than sedimentary rock. The cliff at Muriwai made of sedimentary rock was eroded back to expose 'Fisherman's Rock' - the shore platform which, made of limestone -- tended to erode back slower than the cliff.
present down in a notepad we had with us at the time. We then took