The Evidence for the Existence of Multiple Memory Systems
Memory forms an important part of cognitive psychology and has been of
interest to numerous psychologists. This essay is going to refer
specifically to the information-processing model of memory and will
discuss the experimental evidence that exists for multiple memory
systems.
The multi-store model of memory was first developed by Atkinson and
Shiffrin (1968) and Waugh and Norman (1965).[1] It comprises sensory
stores, short term-store and long-term store to form a model of memory
and information processing. One component of the system is the sensory
register, where our feature detection and pattern recognition
processes produce a cognitive code that can be stored for a brief
period. The sensory storage does not depend on resource allocation, so
the person does not need to pay attention to the stimuli, and the
coding happens automatically. The sensory register is thought to be
modality specific, that is, part of the storage is auditory, part of
the storage is devoted to visual stimuli, and other parts devoted to
the other senses.
Sperling (1960) conducted many studies in the area of memory,
specifically sensory storage.[2] Sperling's main contribution has been
to find a technique which has been called the partial report
procedure. In one experiment he presented a matrix of 3 lines of four
letters each to his subject for 50msec. Under partial report procedure
a high, medium or low- pitched tone is produced at the same time as
the presentation is over and the task given to the subject is to
reproduce only the first, second or third line according to the pitch
of the ...
... middle of paper ...
...re in a short-term memory task.
[7]Eysenck, M, W. Cognitive Psychology, A student's Handbook, 4th
Edition. Psychology Press: Essex, 2000. p156.
[8] Eysenck, M, W. Cognitive Psychology, A student's Handbook, 4th
Edition. Psychology Press: Essex, 2000. p186.
[9]Best, J,B. Cognitive Psychology, 4th Edition.West Publishing
Company, Eastern Illinois University, 1995.
[10]Eysenck, M, W. Cognitive Psychology, A student's Handbook, 4th
Edition. Psychology Press: Essex, 2000.
[11]Best, J,B. Cognitive Psychology, 4th Edition.West Publishing
Company, Eastern Illinois University, 1995.
[12] Eysenck, M, W. Cognitive Psychology, A student's Handbook, 4th
Edition. Psychology Press: Essex, 2000.p 188.
[13] Eysenck, M, W. Cognitive Psychology, A student's Handbook, 4th
Edition. Psychology Press: Essex, 2000. p206.
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a very good model for the time it was made and it is based on reliable
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