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Features of Chinese calligraphy
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In “The Taming of the Shrew: Wang Xizhi (303-361) and Calligraphic Gentrification in the Seventh Century,” Eugene Wang examines the work of Wang Xizhi, a legendary early Chinese calligrapher. Eugene Wang argues that the qualities attributed to the calligraphy largely developed in the 7th century in response to sociopolitical changes. A little background information, Wang Xizhi lived during a time referred to as China’s Period of Division and this allowed him to cultivate his brush writing skills. Wang Xizhi was successful in all three scripts – running, cursive, and regular. Eugene Wang discusses the afterlife of the artist’s body of work. He also, presents methodologies for analyzing and appreciating Chinese calligraphy, along with some of …show more content…
Tranquil disposition of a gentleman became the standard profile of Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy, an alternative characterization built upon the trope of a “brave warrior” (252). In the medieval rhetorical scheme of binary oppositions, the “brave warrior” is often juxtaposed with the “gentleman.” This is complementary opposition between the brave warrior and the gentleman that constitutes the dual roles in the description of Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy. In context to Tang calligraphic discourse that tends to cast Wang’s calligraphy in a graceful disposition, the view of his writing strikes one as refreshingly perverse in its characterization of Wang’s calligraphy in terms of the “warrior” trope (253). The colophon, which was also attributed to Wang in the Tang period, emphasizes the analogy, between the arts of calligraphy and war. In the essay it mentioned, “Brush is knife; ink, armature; water and inkstone…” comparing the art brush to a knife (253). Also, the twist and turns of the brush represents the killings and slaying of war. Even if we dismiss the attribution, we nonetheless can regard the colophon as part of the discursive formation associated with image of Wang Xizhi in the Tang period. 253. There’s a strong, forceful …show more content…
Music is used as symbolic expression for emotional stirrings. Traditional Confucians use such expressions as a measurement of the success or failure of a government. In the “Book of Rites,” it’s mentioned, “there is an interaction between the words and the airs (of the people) and the character of their government” (255). In the “Book of Rites,” rulers were urged to regulate the society through ceremonies and music and the arts. The purpose of these ceremonies and music is not to satisfy the appetite of ears and eyes, but it’s intended to teach people to regulate the likes and dislikes of the people and hope to bring them back to the normal course of humanity. They came to the conclusion that the ideal form of expression is to have “joy without wantonness and sorrow without breakdown” (255). For example, Emperor Taizong’s obsession with calligraphy was an integral part of his campaign to revive Confucian culture. “Wang Xizhi was installed as a part of calligraphy mainly because of the formal aspects of the style associated with him were seen as perfect embodiment of aesthetic and moral qualities that set forth in Confucian thought” (255). Eugene Wang describes Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy and
1. Music is a strictly local expression, rich in variety since each culture expresses affective differences through art, 2. Music is a poetic process--complex, vague, and irrational--based upon borrowed traditional musical materials (melodies, rhythms, forms, etc.), 3. Music is for a religious, elitist-class performer who can understand and appreciate its mysterious nature and power, 4. Music is played softly in intimate gatherings, 5. Music making is the activity of Everyman, exacting the talents of variously trained amateurs who, with industry and practice, decorate their recreation and leisure in moments of social intercourse.
I learned about many significant artwork and artists in this class. This class provided me with a better understanding of the history of the world of art, but also helped me understand the development of art styles. However, among all of these precious pieces of artwork, there are two special ones that caught my attention: The Chinese Qin Terracotta Warriors and The Haniwa. Each of them represents the artist’s stylistic characteristics and cultural context. Although they represented different art of rulers, historical values, and scenes, there were visible similarities.
Bokenkamp, Stephen R. “A Medieval Feminist Critique of the Chinese World Order: The Case of Wu Zhao (r. 690–705).” Religion, 28 no 4, (1998): 383-392, DOI: 10.1006/reli.1998.0147.
In Shakespeare's comedy, The Taming of the Shrew, Shakespeare has a woman as one of the story's main characters. Katherine Minola (Kate) is off the wall, and kinda crazy. Because of her actions, the “male centered world” around her doesn't know what to do with her.
Interregnum, painted by the Chinese artist Hung Liu, is a massive oil painting created circa 2002. With the intentional application of several principles and elements of art in her work, Liu effectively depicts her late Asian culture’s traditional aspects while also exposing the harsh reality of China’s Communist society. Hung Liu incorporates a variety of styles into Interregnum while also utilizing color and line to visually communicate the subject matter to the viewer. In a formal interpretation of this work, the overarching theme of Interregnum will be explored and described, focusing on the particular values sought out by the artist Hung Liu.
Mo Tzu defines music as, “not only singing and playing instruments, but also the dancing, banquets and other ... entertainments” (309). He uses “ a simple deductive syllogism [to begin his attacks against music]”.
The “Auspicious Cranes” hand scroll depicts a historical event occurring on February 26, 1112, in which 20 Manchurian cranes descend upon the cloud enveloped gates of the imperial palace at Kaifeng during the Lantern Festival. In his article, “Cranes Above Kaifeng: The Auspicious Image at the Court of Huizong,” Peter Sturman, an art history professor at UC Santa Barbara, examines the story behind the painting. His evidence reveals that the image and description shown on the hand scroll do not support a sense of objective realism that it makes claim to. Rather, the painting is what Sturman describes as an “appropriation of reality” (34). Individual elements of the painting are parts of a well-planned spectacle to serve as political propaganda.
In conclusion towards the arguments and observations, musical expression consists in presenting emotion characteristics in appearance. It turns out people listen to music as having a purposeful nature and that it has an effect on psychological emotions. If there is a case in which music showing emotional qualities with no reference to feelings, there is a case of happy music that is not powerful of happiness.
The most distinctive features of Chinese civilization were in the Song period. This was the scholar-official class certified through highly competitive civil service examinations. These elite were better educated than others in Chinese history. Aristocratic habits and prejudices largely disappeared when examination system was fully developed. This system came to be considered the normal ladder to success. The invention of printing should be given a little credit. The art of carving words and pictures into wooden blocks was developed by Tang craftsmen. They would ink the blocks then press paper onto them. An entire page of text and illustrations was held on each block. In the eleventh century movable type, on piece of type for each character, was invented. In China whole-block printing was cheaper. The spread of literacy was
In his poem, “Notes from the City of the Sun”, Bei Dao utilizes obscure imagery consistent with the Misty Poets and veiled political references to illustrate the struggles in Chinese society during the Cultural Revolution. The poem is sectioned into fourteen short stanzas containing imagery that are symbolic of the cultural hegemony in China under the rule of Mao Zedong. Bei Dao, born Zhao Zhen-kai, is an anti-revolutionary poet and one of the founders of a group known as the Misty Poets. The Misty Poets wrote poems that protested the Cultural Revolution led by Mao Zedong. Therefore, a lot of Bei Dao’s poems speak out against the Cultural Revolution and the restrictions that it placed on any form of art. Bei Dao’s poetry is categorized as “misty” because of the ambiguity in its references to Mao Zedong and the Cultural Revolution. An obscure imagery that occurs twice in “Notes” is the sun imagery. Another imagery that depicts the injustice of the Cultural Revolution is the description of freedom as scraps of paper. In the poem, Bei Dao also equates faith to sheep falling into a ditch; this is a depiction blind faith during the Cultural Revolution. The purpose of this essay is to analyze how Bei Dao’s use of the Misty Poet’s ambiguous imagery and implicit political context in the poem “Notes from the City of the Sun” to illustrate the cultural hegemony in China under Mao.
Music plays a huge role in the structure of a society. It can have both negative and positive influence on cultures and communities. First, musical sounds and instruments can be a dividing factor between the people within the same culture. These opposing social and economic identities within these cultures can lead unnecessary animosity between the members. However, music can also be one of the forces that unite members of a culture and provide a sense pride for everyone. This makes it easier for people to display their identification to that culture.
Ever since people started to settle into their way of living, certain expectations over a certain culture is shaped by what the elders pass down. Over generations, the culture slowly changed yet it shapes to what makes society for what it is and what is expected to come from people in that certain time period. So how does this change occur within these generations? In The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare, it becomes evident that the older generation influences the younger generation and proves what is expected from its time, especially when it comes to family.
Ruyi, 如意, a term meaning “as you wish”, is a scepter that has circulated throughout China. This curved decorative object is designed as an ‘S’ shaped scepter, which consists of three main parts—the top, middle, and bottom. The top of the Ruyi is often designed ornately, sometimes resembling a “fist, mushroom head”, or in rare cases a dragon emblem (Kieschnick, 142). The focus of this research paper is to understand the symbolic nature of the Ruyi in China. In order to better grasp the meaning attributed to the Ruyi, it is best to provide a background of the history, development, and function of the Ruyi in China. Thus, first, I will cover the different arguments about the objects origins. Second, I will analyze the circulation and function of the object—from the court, locals, and Buddhist monks, since such is significant to better understand the symbolic nature of the Ruyi. Third, I will provide an analysis of the materials that was used to make the object, in order to evaluate the importance of this object in Chinese society. Lastly, I will elaborate on the symbolism tied in with religion, specifically Buddhism in the Ruyi. Thus, with all this components I hope to provide a better understanding of this material object that started out as a normal, day to day object, to an object that eventually symbolized goodness, wellness, fortune, power, and many more.
However, the focus here will be on the lives of the courtesans. The Genji Monogatari provides us with an unrivalled look into the inner workings of Confucianism and court life in the Heian period. Song Geng, in his discourse on power and masculinity in China, claims that Confucianism gives rise to what he calls the “fragile scholar” or caizi() as it is referred to as in traditional Chinese literature.5 The so-called fragile scholar is a common character archetype seen throughout Chinese literature and, not surprisingly, also in the Genji Monogatari.... ... middle of paper ...
Chinese music dates back to 1000 BC. A man named Ling Lun created the first of the musical instruments in China. Ling Lun developed a set of 60 bells. From these bells, he created a mathematical method for creating pitch pipes to tune the bells. One of the first instruments created was a bamboo pipe. Composers and philosophers idea behind this music was to calm and relax people from the calming sounds. An ancient Chinese belief is the music is meant to purify one's thoughts.