topic definitions, gaps in the study and sources are key essentials to conduct a literature review (Hart, 2008). Nature of Study. According to Babbie (2013) using a qualitative methodology is appropriate for a study using a case study in design. A qualitative methodology is one of the three scientific research methodologies that is used to answer questions in a study. A qualitative case study involves the exploration of one or more cases within in a bounded system. Methodology. The methodology is appropriate for this study by providing the advantage of using open-ended questions to probe responses of the participants by allowing participants to respond using their own formulated responses instead of forced solicitation of responses. (See …show more content…
James MacGregor Burns’ TFL theory describes the development of social values and leadership purpose and discussed his rational philosophy regarding the natural propensity of leadership Effelsberg, Solga, & Gurt (2014). Vygotsky’s social develop theory reasons that as individuals, cognition and consciousness are developed after social interaction: social interaction comes before individual comprehension Vygotsky (2012). Transformational Leadership. Effelsberg, Solga, & Gurt (2014) explored the conceptual theoretical foundation of TFL by expert, James MacGregor Burns, titled “Getting Followers to Transcend Their Self-Interest for the Benefit of Their Company: Testing a Core Assumption of Transformational Leadership Theory” and sought to predict the effects of followers’ behaviors they engage in behaviors that are selfless for the organizations’ best interest. These authors’ defined TFL theory as a demonstration of "even exchange of giving and receiving" of leaders and followers’ ideas (Effelsberg, Solga, & Gurt, 2014). Evolution of Psychology. Vygotsky (2012) discussed the scientific consciousness of the revolution era as it was developed by the proposal of history. An examination of the historical development of the science of psychology was explored to shed light on the crisis in psychology by discussing a revolutionary and historical comparison of psychology. Vygotsky’s social develop theory reasons cognition and consciousness at different times in life in “The Historical Meaning of the Crisis in Psychology” (Vygotsky,
“Leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purposes” (Rost, 1931). But in today’s time, the styles of leadership are changed every time a new technology is invented or discovered so there is lack of persistency. The only thing which manages to stay constant is the principles of carrying out business activities. There are philosophies and ideologies on leadership which can be used in any time period as they are mostly a reflection of the principles of leadership. Theorists and authors like Hobbes (1679), Lewin (1947) and Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), in their time have produced enough material which can be put into use by modern day leaders and managers. Philosophers like Aristotle, who was known to be one of the most business-oriented and practical philosopher of his time, his work is still used by businesses today because of their relevance as he is interested in defining principles in terms of the ethics of leadership (Santa Clara University). In the essay I have tried to show how leadership has adapted to the changes around them and compared to the past and what circumstances caused need to change it. As a layman, anyone would think that the principles centuries ago will be very different to what we follow now but after studying on Hobbes, Lewin and Aristotle it has made a big impact on my way of thinking because the work produced by them still has more relevance compared to some of the work produced now. I have tried to explain the evolvement of leadership through three aspects which are psychology, sociology and philosophy.
In the previous chapters I discussed the problem of the lack of healthy eating promotion programs in schools are leaving parents and students uneducated about how to purchase healthy items which is leading to childhood obesity. I also discussed how the problem is being addressed, as well as the theory of social constructionism. In this chapter, I will discuss the specific methodology I plan to use and the three different types of data collection I plan to employ to carry out my study. This study will use a qualitative approach to study and address the issue of the lack of healthy eating promotion in schools. The three types of data collection I plan to use are: direct observation, focus groups and a questionnaire. These methods will be clarified later in this chapter.
One qualitative method of research I will employ is a case study. The aim of my case study is to highlight the key components of the Riot Grrrl movement in the 90s. Thomas defines a case study as;
The research question is the first and foremost initial step in the research process, because it defines the expected outcomes and drives the project design. So it should be clear and concise once the research question is formulated, the next is defining the terms and concepts used in the research process. A literature review is needed to clarify issues, gives an understanding to the researcher how others have formulated similar research questions and defines concepts.
The psychodynamic approach to leadership has its roots in Sigmund Freud´s .Emotionally disturbed individuals and psychological theories of personality development form the basis of psychodynamic approach. One branch of psychodynamic theory is called psychohistory, which attempts to explain the behaviour of famous historical figures (in text citation Kets de Vries 1991). This approach gives importance making leader obtain good understanding on personality of oneself and to give importance and also encourages the group members to understand their personalities. This makes the team members to understand their reactions to the leader and each other. Important concepts in psychodynamic approach to leadership include e.g. the family of
The article A Leader’s Guide to Why People Behave the Way They Do by James Clawson informs that there is a big difference between being a leader and psychologist,
The case study as a method is defined as “an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon (the “case”) in depth and within a real world context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context may not be clearly evident” (Yin 16). It will typically have various variables of interest and use “multiple sources of evidence”, therefore stressing the need for a triangulated approach (Yin 17). When and why case studies should be used largely depends on the research question, control over behavioral events, and focus on contemporary events. In a case study, the research question looks at how and/or why something occurs, has no control over behavioral events and focuses on contemporary events. All of these components are what make case studies different from other common research methods.
In this paper, I will define quantitative and qualitative research methods and provide examples in the context of social issues which will hopefully provide insight into how this methods are properly applied.
This paradigm describes how the innate desires within leaders have effect on behavior in the work site to provide the logical and well-functioning methods for leaders and organizations. The Clinical Paradigm illustrates the subconscious energy of human behavior and defines something latent in human mind to grasp the reasons and motives of leaders and subordinates’ behavior (Northouse, 2015, p. 296-297).
In early of 1900s, leadership was examined by social scientists and armed forces of United States was much accounted of its quality among noncommissioned officers in middle of twentieth century.(Jersey, 1974). The leadership theory is hotter than hotter to be applied in companies and become one of indispensable factors in changing the destiny of companies. Taylor thinks it should maintain a high level of production in order to increase output and revenue, salaries and better the conditions with accordance to psychology during the period of year 1900 and 1927(Taylor, 1964). Mayo developed “human relations theory” later which look into mutual effect among individual behaviour, attitude, motions and organizational system(Mayo, 1960).
This essay intends to compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the quantitative and qualitative approaches to research which addresses young people and bullying using two journal articles. The first article (quantitative) aims to “establish the relationship between recurrent peer victimisation and the onset of reported symptoms of anxiety or depression in the early teen years” (Bond et al. 2001, p. 480) while the second article (qualitative) aims to “investigate the nature of teenage girls’ indirect aggression” (Owens et al. 2000, p. 70).The two articles will be critically compared in terms of research design, methods used, approach to data analysis, reported results and the plausibility and appropriateness of the conclusions and recommendations posed. The aim of this essay is thus to evaluate and assess the methods of social science research currently undertaken in published research.
The research study that was evaluated consisted of the impact that a brief intervention by community health nurses can have on patients who have risk factors for chronic disease, smoking, poor nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and weight. Nurses are crucial in primary health care in Australia where the study was conducted. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions by the community health nurses.
Qualitative and Quantitative study designs both can be beneficial in research design. They both provide valuable options for researchers in the field. These techniques can either be used separately in a research study or they can be combined to achieve maximum information. This paper will define the terms qualitative and quantitative; describe the similarities and differences between each; discuss how qualitative and/or quantitative research designs or techniques could be used in the evaluation of my proposed research; and discuss why linking analysis to study design is important.
The study is conducted only one developed country like Canada and one developing country like Bangladesh. Moreover, the study of comparison might be more comprehensive and representative if it could have been done more developing countries and developed countries in the world. Non availability of secondary data was also a constraint. Data were collected over two-year period that did not reflect the impact of changed of time.
...chniques and procedures among those associated with quantitative or qualitative research. A literature review, which included document analysis, was used to answer sub-questions one, two and three. A model building approach was suggested to answer sub-question four. In addition, the study uses a case study as a proof-of-concept. The use of a case study is a qualitative empirical study to strengthen the research validity. Since the research methods directly responding to the research questions (Literature review and Model building) make use of textual data, we classified this study as a qualitative study. Table 3.1 below summarises the classification of this study in terms of the dimensions discussed above.