Digestive Disorder
Etiology and Epidemiology Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is the disease that sounds exactly what its name refers to; cancer of the stomach. Although this cancer is named after its point of origin(like many other cancers), tumors can also spread to other parts of the body as the disease progresses (American Cancer Society).The early stages of stomach cancer is characterized by its symptoms of stomach discomfort, nausea, loss of appetite, and heartburn, while the late stages are characterized by jaundice, weight loss, vomiting, stomach pain, etc. (National Cancer Institute). It is due to the vagueness of the initial symptoms that the early signs of stomach cancer may be misdiagnosed or easily ignored, resulting
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In the United States, the disease is not so common, but is quite fatal due to the unawareness of disease and the lack of early screening programs, leading to a late diagnosis, In other countries, such as Japan, Chile, and Iceland, where the disease is much more common, early screening programs are well implemented and the cancers are detected early enough to be treated (Livstone, Merck Manuals Consumer Version). Stomach cancer is much more common among blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians in comparison to other races or ethnicities. Those who are 50 years or older are more at risk of forming the disease as 75% of stomach cancer cases are within that age group (Livstone, Merck Manuals Professional Edition). Stomach cancer is also more prominent in men than women. In addition, those who smoke, have high salt diets, or have had the Helicobacter pylori infection or gastric polyps are more at risk (American Cancer …show more content…
While those who are in the early stages where the cancer is confined to the linings and muscle wall of the stomach have a high five-year survival rate of 71%, this doesn’t apply to most of the stomach cancer cases in the United States as stomach cancer is usually diagnosed in the late stages, when the cancer has spread to lymph nodes and is close to nearby organs, where the five-year survival rate decreases to as low as 4%. In John’s case, he is in stage IIIB where the five-year survival rate is 14% (American Cancer Society). Although stomach cancer is not curable, it is still
Cancer is one of the 9 National Health Priority Areas (NHPA), areas which account for a significant portion of the burden of disease, but have sizeable potential for improvement. In Australia, CRC is the second most common cancer, after prostate (in men) and breast cancer (in women) (AIHW, Cancer incidence projections). The incidence has gradually increased (by 13% in males from 1982-2007) (AIHW, Cancer in Australia an overview). This is compounded by the ageing population and population growth, with 14,860 new cases in 2010 (http://www.cancer.org.au/about-cancer/types-of-cancer/bowel-cancer). This graph demonstrates this upward trend ((AIHW, Cancer incidence projections):
...more frequent in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure and hyperparathyroidism. The causes include the infection of H.pylori and causes of acute gastritis. Medications similar to gastritis are used to treat this disease. Stomach cancer or gastric cancer is a malignant tumor arising from the lining of the stomach. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of stomach cancer, which starts in the glandular tissue of the stomach and accounts for 90% to 95% of all stomach cancers. Other forms of stomach cancer include lymphomas, which involve the lymphatic system and sarcomas, which involve the connective tissue (such as muscle, fat, or blood vessels). It may often be cured if it is found and treated at an early stage. Unfortunately, the outlook is poor if the cancer is already at an advanced stage when discovered.
Colorectal cancer, or CRC, affects African American men and women more than Caucasians, at a rate 20% higher. This is concerning when faced with the mortality rates among African Americans, 28% higher for women and 14% higher for men than for Whites. African Americans are also more likely to be in later stages of the disease when diagnosed. There is a need to study and evaluate why these factors exist, as proper screening and early diagnosis can severely impact survival rates for CRC. One study attempts to find the solution through testing, however, this study slightly discredits itself along the way.
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women, responsible for more than 57,000 deaths in 2001 alone. Colon polyps, which can lead to colon cancer, are found in about 30-40% of people aged 60 or older- and the risks of polyps increase with age” (Lerche Davis, 2003). Most cases of colon cancer start as small adenomatous polyps. Many people experience no signs or symptoms in the early stages of colon cancer. Some signs and symptoms can include diarrhea, constipation, or any change in consistency of your stool that continues for longer than a month. Any bleeding from the rectum or blood found in the stool can also be a sign of colon cancer. Continuing abdominal pain, cramps, gas, weakness, fatigue and unexplained weight loss could all be signs of rectal cancer in the patient (Staff,
I have chosen to write about the constellation Cancer (The Crab). I chose Cancer because it is one of only a handful of constellations that I am actually able to identify in the night sky. Cancer is one of the twelve Zodiac constellations; people whose birthdays fall between June 21st and July 22nd have Cancer as their sign. Cancer is the Latin word for crab, and despite the fact that the constellation looks more like a lobster then a crab, it is still referred to as a crab. The constellation is visible from the northern hemisphere from late winter to early spring.
I have elected to transcribe my proposal argument on issues regarding cancer chemoprevention. I selected this topic because reasonably minute devotion has been given to cancer chemoprevention research in ethical writings, particularly in relation to the huge quantity of moral studies in cancer treatment exploration. Cancer chemoprevention trials test the ability and care of medicinal agents in averting cancer before its manifestation. I believe that phase III chemoprevention issues can be less prevalent by simply ensuring enhanced communication and etiquette between researchers and investigators.
For these reasons, minorities often put off the expense of seeing a doctor until they have advanced disease and are past being easily treated. A lack of education, rural or inner city residence, unemployment, and low literacy rate may also contribute to higher cancer mortality rates for some communities. In several studies researchers investigates whether socioeconomic status is the reason for the disparity in prostate cancer incidence, where African Americans and Non- Hispanic Whites are the top two candidates for prostate cancer. Some results found that the highest level of cancer incidence was positively correlated with low socioeconomic status (Cheng, et al.,
According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer health disparities are defined as the adverse differences between specific populations and the achievement of an optimal state of health. These population groups are categorized by geographic location, income, disability, age, education, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or race. These factors correlate with cancer mortality rates that impact specific population groups in the United States, cancer prevalence is the number of people diagnosed or living with cancer, and cancer incidence which is the number of new cancer cases in a population. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2013, there were an estimated 1,660,290 new cases of cancer and 580,350 of the new cases resulted in mortality. Individuals who have limited access to healthcare, health illiterate, and poverty stricken are more likely to develop cancer. This means a person’s socioeconomic status can determine the likelihood of their probability of developing cancer
Colon cancer develops in the part of the gastrointestinal tract that absorbs water and minerals before waste products are disposed via the rectum. In women endometrial cancer is related to colon cancer. This type of cancer is the second leading cause of death due to cancer in the United States. Over one-hundred fifty thousand individuals will be diagnosed this year and this cancer will probably be responsible for about 47,900 deaths in 1999 (http://www.cancer.org). Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas that develop from the glandular cells. Ninety percent of all colon cancer cases will develop in individuals after 50 years of age. Ninety percent of all tumors arise from polyps that are commonly found in people older than 50. Prevention includes regular exercise and a diet high in fiber. The most important risk factor is age. Medical screening includes a yearly blood occult test after age 50 and a colonoscopy every 3 years after age 50. Regular screening detects polyps that have become precancerous. If regular screening is not done, the cancer is not detected until blood is found in the...
African Americans have the highest occurrence of pancreatic cancer by huge percentages. African Americans are 50-90% higher than any other racial group to develop pancreatic cancer. (John Hopkins, 2012) This is greatly due to the risk factors for pancreatic cancer being more common in African Americans.
Some symptoms for colon cancer are, change in your bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation, rectum bleeding or blood in your stool, constant abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, gas or pain, a feeling that your bowel doesn't empty completely, weakness or tiredness, and or unexplained weight loss. Many people with colon cancer experience no signs of sickness in the early stages of the disease. When signs of sickness appear, they'll likely differ, depending on the cancer's size and location in the large intestine.
African Americans are also more likely to catch it while they are young and have the aggressive triple- negative breast cancer. This form of breast cancer usually spread more quickly because it is immune to a lot of the treatments that usually help block the growth. It is unknown why this so but it is said to mainly come from socioeconomic factors and genetics.
Cancer develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of
Since 1979 the diagnoses of cancer have gone up nearly 20% in a generation as there is more people smoking, drinking, obesity and unfitness (theguardian website, 2011, para. 1). There has been in increase of women with the diagnosis, the diagnoses have risen up by 50% (459 per 100,00), men have risen from 20,000 to 24,000 (the guardian website, 2011, para. 2). Socioeconomic class does have an effect in some cases as cervical and lung cancers are more common in poor people while rates of breast cancer and melanoma are higher in the wealthy (ScienceDaily website, 2008, para. 1). Demographics could also have some effect as those of the wealthier group have more exposure to UV by traveling abroad for the holidays (ScienceDaily website, 2008, para. 5). In regards to smoking, deprived groups continue to smoke while the wealthier groups have quit smoking (ScienceDaily website, 2008, para. 7). Researchers have linked cancer to not only demographics, socioeconomic class but also race and
Like far too many others, cancer has posed as the greatest hurdle in my life. When I was twelve years old, my grandfather was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, a rare and largely incurable form of cancer that proves to be immensely aggressive to the body of which it takes over. As fortunate as I was to live just down the road from my grandparents’ farm, I