Introduction Due to the human genome project and other genetic research, tests for mutation which cause diseases have been developed. The list of these illnesses include several types of cancer. Doctors have estimated that as many as 3,000 diseases are due to mutations in the genome. These diseases include several types of colon cancer in which three different genetic tests have been already developed. Debates have arisen on whether these tests should be used regularly or not. Questions including the patients= rights of privacy and the possibility of loss of health or life insurance have been argued over in both the media and political arena. Colon cancer develops in the part of the gastrointestinal tract that absorbs water and minerals before waste products are disposed via the rectum. In women endometrial cancer is related to colon cancer. This type of cancer is the second leading cause of death due to cancer in the United States. Over one-hundred fifty thousand individuals will be diagnosed this year and this cancer will probably be responsible for about 47,900 deaths in 1999 (http://www.cancer.org). Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas that develop from the glandular cells. Ninety percent of all colon cancer cases will develop in individuals after 50 years of age. Ninety percent of all tumors arise from polyps that are commonly found in people older than 50. Prevention includes regular exercise and a diet high in fiber. The most important risk factor is age. Medical screening includes a yearly blood occult test after age 50 and a colonoscopy every 3 years after age 50. Regular screening detects polyps that have become precancerous. If regular screening is not done, the cancer is not detected until blood is found in the... ... middle of paper ... ...999. Kinsley, M. 1997. Oh, my aching genes! Drawing a tube of blood is just one of many ways to judge people. Time. Sept. 29, 1997. Langreth, R. 1999. Early warnings. Wall St. Journal. October 18. 1999, p. R7. National Cancer Institute. Colon and Rectum Cancer. http://www3.cancer.org/cancerinfo/documents/overviews/coloover.asp?ct=10. O’Leary, T. 1999 Molecular diagnosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association. 282 (3): 281+. Peterson, G. M. Lessons from familial cancers. Mid-Atlantic Cancer Genetics Network Newsletter. Fall 1999. http://www.macgn.org/nl13e.html. Raab, M. 1998. Genetic shakeup. Working Woman. October 1998. Rogers, J. 1994. Study shows imprinting directly tied to cancer. Johns Hopkins news press release. June 24. http://hopkins.med.jhu.edu/NewsMedia/press/1994/JUNE/199419.HTM
Cancer is one of the 9 National Health Priority Areas (NHPA), areas which account for a significant portion of the burden of disease, but have sizeable potential for improvement. In Australia, CRC is the second most common cancer, after prostate (in men) and breast cancer (in women) (AIHW, Cancer incidence projections). The incidence has gradually increased (by 13% in males from 1982-2007) (AIHW, Cancer in Australia an overview). This is compounded by the ageing population and population growth, with 14,860 new cases in 2010 (http://www.cancer.org.au/about-cancer/types-of-cancer/bowel-cancer). This graph demonstrates this upward trend ((AIHW, Cancer incidence projections):
Through the novel Henry’s conversations with Dorian and Basil Hallward depict him as an invested disciple of Pater. Henry’s insight into to Pater’s philosophy can best be seen when he states that, “the only horrible thing in this world is ennui” or boredom (Wilde 220). Henry echoes Pater’s distaste for the formation of habits and not having new experiences that bring the individual out of their daily rut. Henry is the one who advises Dorian to live his life to fullest and to appreciate art and beauty, but the reader is not privy to Henry’s private life or his internal thoughts. While Henry accurately represents Pater’s ideals through his speech the reader cannot assume that he also enacts them in his daily life. The reader is reminded of their lack of insight into Henry’s character when Basil continually states “you don’t mean a single word of all that, Harry” (200). Basil is a close friend to Henry and from the beginning of the novel Basil is not blind to flaws of Henry’s character. In fact, he is fearful that Henry’s influence will corrupt Dorian. Due to the readers disconnect to Henry’s character the words of ...
Colorectal cancer, or CRC, affects African American men and women more than Caucasians, at a rate 20% higher. This is concerning when faced with the mortality rates among African Americans, 28% higher for women and 14% higher for men than for Whites. African Americans are also more likely to be in later stages of the disease when diagnosed. There is a need to study and evaluate why these factors exist, as proper screening and early diagnosis can severely impact survival rates for CRC. One study attempts to find the solution through testing, however, this study slightly discredits itself along the way.
By using identified gene mutations that are known to cause diseases, asymptomatic individuals are able to discover if they are at risk for specific genetic conditions; this is known as genetic testing. Unfortunately, genetic testing can vary in its predictive ability. For example, Huntington disease, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Fragile X syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 are conditions that can be determined by genetic testing (Samen, 1996). In contrast, for multifaceted diseases like Alzheimer’s, breast and ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer, predisposition can be determined with genetic testing. However, an absolute diagnosis of those diseases cannot be made (Heshka et al., 2008).
...ath the spread of Greek culture, language and art continued to modern day China, where Alexander never step foot on. This is a testament to how involved Greek culture was in Alexander’s vast empire . The universal language in Alexander’s empire was Greek, which lead to easy trading and easily fixed problems. Alexander dreamed to have a massive empire and to bring man together. Both of these were achieved in a decade. Even after his death the Greek language carried on and so did many other customs.
Alexander the Great, born in July of the year 356 B.C. was the ruler and king of the Greek Kingdom known as Macedonia. In his early years, Alexander was trained as a fighter by his tutor, Aristotle. He trained with his mentor until the age of 16, when his father Phillip II was assassinated, and he inherited his throne. With a massive army at his hand, Alexander started his conquest to capture the Persian Empire, and "ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea.”
Alexander the Great (July 356BC – June 323BC) was King of the ancient Greek Kingdom of Macedon. By the age of thirty he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world. He remained undefeated in battle and is considered one of history’s most successful Military commanders. Historians’ have offered theories which could explain Alexander’s motivation to conquer so much of the known world. Some suggest that Alexander was an idealistic visionary who sought to unite the world, whereas others argued that he was a fascist whose hunger for power drove him. The Ancient Greeks were driven by love of honour (philotimaea) and their desire for greatness. They were competitive, always striving to better one another.
The Human Genome Project is the largest scientific endeavor undertaken since the Manhattan Project, and, as with the Manhattan Project, the completion of the Human Genome Project has brought to surface many moral and ethical issues concerning the use of the knowledge gained from the project. Although genetic tests for certain diseases have been available for 15 years (Ridley, 1999), the completion of the Human Genome Project will certainly lead to an exponential increase in the number of genetic tests available. Therefore, before genetic testing becomes a routine part of a visit to a doctor's office, the two main questions at the heart of the controversy surrounding genetic testing must be addressed: When should genetic testing be used? And who should have access to the results of genetic tests? As I intend to show, genetic tests should only be used for treatable diseases, and individuals should have the freedom to decide who has access to their test results.
Colon Cancer is also one of the most typical inherited cancer syndromes known. This means that its been passed down in several generations of a family. There are several gene mutations that cause this cancer, which allows it to be passed down to your family members. The two known inherited colorectal cancer syndromes are hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) also known as Lynch syndrome. The second one is familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Both of these can affect male or female, and the children of people who carry these have a 50% chance of inheriting the disease-causing gene.
After the mysterious death of the great conquer Phillip the second, Alexander the III came and took the throne and was left with his father’s dream to conquer the Persian Empire. His journey started when he was 20 years old. In 335 B.C., According to “The Parallel Lives” when Alexander came to Thebes he asked for Phoenix and Prothytes, the authors of the rebelli...
In Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, we follow the young Dorian Gray as Lord Henry Wotton first introduces him to a new way of being. Lord Henry believes that the only way of being is to understand that beauty is the only worthwhile trait of life. Wilde writes “, Lord Henry looked at him . . . There was something in his face that made one trust him at once . . . There was something in his low, languid voice that was absolutely fascinating . . . But he felt afraid of him, and was ashamed of being afraid. Why had it been left to a stranger to reveal him to himself?”(page18-23) To Dorian, having just met Lord Henry, these words are life altering. Scholars have made the argument that Lord ...
...years. Lord Henry enjoyed influencing Dorian: "He was conscious--and the thought brought a gleam of pleasure into his brown agate eyes--that it was through certain words of his, musical words said with musical utterance, that Dorian Gray's soul had turned to this white girl and bowed in worship before her. To a large extent the lad was his own creation" (Wilde 51). What makes Lord Henry's influence worse is his utter lack of understanding how harmful it was, and, how little he really knew Dorian, evidenced towards the end when Dorian practically tells him he murdered Basil.
Genetic testing, also known as screening, is a rapidly advancing new scientific field that can potentially revolutionize not only the world of medicine, but many aspects of our lives. Genetic screening is the sequencing of human DNA in order to discover genetic differences, anomalies, or mutations that may prove pathological. As genetic screening becomes more advanced and easily accessible, it presents society with difficult questions that must be asked about the boundaries of science and to what degree we are allowed to tamper with the human genome. To better understand the potential impact of genetic screening on our society, we must examine the potential benefits in comparison to the possible negative impact it may cause. With this knowledge in hand, we can examine what the future holds for this field of study and the best possible direction to take.
The yellow book has a stronger influence on Dorian Gray than Lord Henry does. It is proven through Dorian’s attachment to the book, the obvious lack of effect Lord Henry has on Dorian, and his sudden change in lifestyle due to the teachings of the book. In these three actions, Dorian is able to disprove Lord Henry’s influence while
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is found all around the world. It is most common in North America and Europe and is least rare in Asia and Africa (Garnick 786). This shows how colon cancer is known all over the world. It also shows how location and culture affects the chances of someone getting colon cancer. Worldwide, the incidence of colon cancer in developed countries is 37 (per 100,000 people per year) and in undeveloped countries, 10 (Panno 58). This proves that colon cancer is more common in developed countries because there are more choices and a bigger variety of food. This also proves that where someone lives in the world could affect their chance of getting colon cancer. There is a lot of information, cases, and facts about colon cancer. The annual number of new colon cancer cases worldwide is 164,673 in North America, 41,946 in South America, 362,710 in Europe, 23,454 in Africa, and 338,832 in Asia (Panno 56).