Introduction In the early 1900s, the nation of China was living under an unstable economy due to poverty and to a weak government. China’s economy was ruled by warlords and landlords. They had the power to take whatever was needed to help themselves and their own family, who was wealthy and privileged. The Chinese government at that time had little to no control over their country. Citizens of china are unhappy with the system of living and serving under the warlords and landlords. When the people of a nation were unhappily ruled by a dominant force, they, without aid from foreign allies, will indefinitely become influenced by the idea of communism. China developed the Chinese Communist Party, in 1921, to unify the nation to stop poverty …show more content…
China on October 1, 1949, now is a single party state, Communism, with Mao as there leader. Mao gained popularity with his changes to the Chinese community. Mao was influenced by Stalin, following and taking his advice, Mao started his own Five Year Plan to improve China economically and socially. During the First Five Year Plan of China, Mao used land reform, thought reform, and anti-campaigns to improve China and spread communism throughout China. Land reform dropped prices in china and created equality amongst the people by getting rid of the class system and by increased state control with collectivization on farms, where farmers work to live in china and keep their land. Thought reform increased the communist party by influencing and converting the people in China to accept and follow communism, through propaganda and educational imprisonments. The anti-campaigns were used to spread Maoism. There were two anti-campaigns, the 3rd anti-campaign and the 5th anti-campaign. Both were formed to enhance the prevention of corruption within the Chinese government, such as bureaucracy, tax invasion, capitalism, and cheating of the land. The first five year plan was a success that caused Mao to be popular amongst the people of China and to be seen has a hero for saving and strengthening China from the ruling of Chiang Kai-Shek, but that heroine image of …show more content…
The main product for China’s industry is steel. Mao sent missionaries to the people in the communes to teach them the correct method for industrialization, for successful production in steel. The people followed those methods provided to them by Mao, trusting that it would work because of the success in the first five year plan. But those methods failed and caused a chain reaction that progressively weakened and destroyed china. The method told to the people in the communes in steel making is to gather any type of metal objects in the farm or any metal object that could be found across the land and melting it. The people melted the metal in the backyard furnaces they built and used trees as charcoal to melt the metal. This method was unsuccessful because it created worthless steel. Mao did not know how to make steel in the first place, he just made up this method in belief that it was how to make steel. Because of the production of worthless steel, china lost their metal resources in the making of the steel. The Chinese government did not profit from this problem, but loss instead. The quality of the steel were worthless, it could not be sold or traded with their trading partners. China was lost money and lost resources in the second five year plan for
The Communist revolution in China was loosely based on the revolution in Russia. Russia was able to implement the beginnings of Marxist Communism in the way that it was intended They had a large working class of factory workers, known as the proletariat, that were able to band together and rise up to overthrow the groups of rich property owners, known as the bourgeoisie. The communist party wanted to adopted this same Marxist sense of revolution, but they realized that there were some fatal flaws in the differences between the two countries. The first was that there was not the same sense of class difference between people, yes there were peasants and landowners but there was not a sense of a class struggle. The other difference was that China was not industrialized like Russia so there was no proletariat group, as defined by Marxism, to draw the revolution from. What the Chinese Communists needed to do is re-define the proletariat for their situation, who they looked at were the peasants.
The Five Year Plan nationalized all industries. China took the advice of the USSR and copied their Five Year Plan. In return, China received a $300 million loan from the Soviet Union. More than 11,000 soviet advisors worked in China in the 1950 's to rehabilitate the economy. Jan Wong describes the relationship between China and the USSR in Red China Blues, “For some reason the Chinese were the good guys of communism. The Russians were the bad guys. They had gulags and a menacing secret police called the KGB. The Chinese had pandas and an army in sneakers. Mao was cute, a cultural icon, like Marilyn Monroe.” Wong is commenting on how the USSR helped China because it made them look like Communism had improved their economy. This domestic policy was successful economically because the urban population prospered and grew from 57 million to 100 million by 1957. All industries grew. The heavy industry saw the most growth, while the agricultural industry saw the least. Consequently, prices on goods lowered, including grain
Zedong was supported in making the decision of what was known as the “Great Leap Forward”. This wild plan was aimed at making the people of China achieve economic advances in just a few years that would usually take other countries decades to accomplish. Zedong believed that in order to achieve his goals that steel production was necessary in his plans. Instead of working in areas that were not being used such as fields for example, above millions of peasants were forced to work on local deposits of iron ore and limestone, cutting down healthy trees to look for charcoal, and to have metal smelted. The result of this work did not go as planned. Steel was not produced. The only thing that was produced was pieces of brittle. These pieces of brittle were no use for even the simplest of tools. Peasants that were working on these sights were then ordered to abandon all private production in food which resulted in high reductions in
Besides the modernization of agricultural, in the Deng era, there was a shift from central planning and reliance on heavy industry to consumer-oriented industries and reliance on foreign trade and investment. Some of the new factories were purchased from other countries; some of them were built with local resources. Capitalist enterprise was ac...
For decades, the steel industry has been one of the toughest markets on a global scale with most steel corporations ending up in bankruptcy. Foreign and domestic competitors, management issues, environmental issues, political agenda’s and technology have had much to do with the demise and more so of the success of the steel industry. The issues that this case focus on Nucor Corporation was of:
Mao's period of communal reform and the establishment of the Communist party from 1949-1976 was needed in order for Deng's individual oriented, capitalist society to thrive. Mao's period encompassed the structure of a true dictatorial communist government. It strove to concentrate on unifying communities to create a strong political backbone while being economically self-sufficient and socially literate and educated in Maoist propaganda. Under Mao's leadership individual wealth was seen as a hindrance to community goals in meeting production quotas and was crushed by such policies as collectivization, land reformation, and movements such as The Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution. Under his rule, modeled under the Stalinist USSR archetype, China raised its masses from poverty and starvation to a standard of living that was considered a substantial upgrade.
Throughout, 1900- 1950 there were a number of changes and continuities in China. From the fall of the dynasties to the rise of the Communist Party, these changes shaped China’s government and society. Although, many political changes were made multiple continuities were held constant such as, consistent rebellions and the lack of democracy.
This essay has critically analysed and examined the effect of Communism on the Chinese Society during the period of 1946-1964. The overall conclusion that can be drawn is that the Chinese Communist Party managed to defeat the Kuomintang (Nationalist) Party and achieve victory in the Civil War, in spite of alienation by the Soviet Union and opposition from the U.S. This was primarily because of the superior military strategy employed by the Communists and the economic and political reforms introduced by this party which brought more equality to the peasants in the form of land ownership and better public services. This increased China’s production and manufacturing which not only boosted the country’s economy but also provided a more sustainable supply of food, goods and services for the Chinese people.
As it’s known around the world, Chinese political system is Communism. Some may say that communism is good and bad. Well it all began when Mao Zedong came into power, his ideas influenced Chinese people and how the true way of living is. The introduction of communism into China changed how people perceived each other. One of his first ideas was “The Great Leap Forward,” which a lot of historians considered as a failure because its initial goals were never met. The Chinese society was losing faith in Mao, and not loyal to him. In desperate needs, Mao came up with the “Cultural Revolution” or also known was “The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution”. Mao main goal was to turn all people to follow the idea of communism, but not in the way like Russia did. Even though a huge amount of people died and harmed the future image of China. Mao did whatever it took to make people to follow his ideas, he didn’t matter what the consequences were, and he was willing to kill anybody who was a “counter revolutionary.” Well, was his idea successful? it mostly depends on your point of view. According to Dictionary.com, successful mean achieving or having success. This revolution has impacted everybody, with witnessed accounts during the Mao’s rule. At last, did it work? In the following essay, Mao’s ideas how people view communism as a form of a government than the abuse of power.
By 1800, China’s Qing dynasty encountered several issues such as a growing population, peasant ...
As recently as six years ago, while investors were still in thrall to a dotcom bubble that had yet to burst, steel was derided as one of the last bastions of the "old" economy. Many firms in the industry were state-owned or heavily protected by governments keen to preserve assets deemed vital to national interests. Globalization had left the steel business behind. It is a measure of the changes that have swept the business since the internet bubble popped that last week Arcelor, a company created through a 2001 merger of the top French, Spanish and Luxembourg steelmakers, made a hostile bid of C$4.
When the new Chinese Government was set up in 1949, the new government faced a lot of problems. First on their agenda was how to re-build the country. As Communist Party of China (CPC) is a socialist party, their policies at the time were similar to that of the Soviet Union’s. Consequently, the CPC used a centrally planned strategy as its economic strategy when it first began. For a long time, the Chinese economy was a centrally planned economy in which none other than the state owned all companies. In fact, there were absolutely no entrepreneurs. As time went on, the problems of a centrally planned economy started to appear, such as low productivity, which was the key reason for restricting the development of China. With the population growing, the limitations of the centrally planned economy were clear. In 1978 China started its economic reform whose goal was to generate sufficient surplus value to finance the modernization of the Chinese economy. In the beginning, in the late 1970s and early 19...
In 1966, Mao mobilized the Chinese youth to initiate the “Cultural Revolution”, a violent process eliminating old Chinese culture, customs, thoughts and habits, purging “counter-revolutionary” party members, and heightening Mao’s personality cult. I will summarize evidence collected from textbooks, official documents, biographies and eyewitness reports about the events between 1959 and 1966. I will describe the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao’s resignation as president, his power struggle with Liu Shoaqi and Deng Xiaoping and the propagating of his personality cult. Then I will identify how these events may have given Mao reasons for launching the Cultural Revolution, and whether his motives were of an ideological or selfish nature. After carrying out a Source Evaluation of the “16 Point Directive on the Cultural Revolution” and Jung Chang’s “Mao: The Unknown Story” and analysing my evidence, my essay will answer the question: To what extent were Mao’s motives for starting the Cultural Revolution ideological?
The declaration of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 by the Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong signified a revolution in China that brought an end to the costliest civil war in Chinese history between the Nationalist Party or Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that had lasted a period of 22 years from 1927 to 1949. The Chinese revolution of 1949 signified the beginning of an era of Communist Chinese rule ushered in by the popular Chinese Communist Party at the expense of the Nationalist Party. According to historian Michael Lestz, the Communist victory was an inevitability that was aided by the actions of the preceding Nationalist government (Lestz, 2010). Lestz states that the weakness and administration ineptitude displayed by the Nationalist Party in economic, military and civil affairs created an environment that was conducive for the Communist Party to prosper. Author John King elaborates that the Nationalist party did more to lose the peasants’ support than the Communist party did to gain the peasants’ favor (King, 2006). Therefore, this paper will focus on the failures of the Nationalist Party in the Civil War and World War II coupled with the consequences. It will compound the various issues that harbored the Nationalist Party such as corruption and the failure of the government to accommodate or abate Communist dissent. The paper will also cover the failed efforts by Nationalist Party to integrate Western policies into China.
The industrial revolution began in Europe in the 18th century. The revolution prompted significant changes, such as technological improvements in global trade, which led to a sustained increase in development between the 18th and 19th century. These improvements included mastering the art of harnessing energy from abundant carbon-based natural resources such as coal. The revolution was economically motivated and gave rise to innovations in the manufacturing industry that permanently transformed human life. It altered perceptions of productivity and understandings of mass production which allowed specialization and provided industries with economies of scale. The iron industry in particular became a major source of economic growth for the United States during this period, providing much needed employment, which allowed an abundant population of white people as well as minorities to contribute and benefit from the flourishing economy. Steel production boomed in the U.S. in the mid 1900s. The U.S. became a global economic giant due to the size of its steel industry, taking advantage of earlier innovations such as the steam engine and the locomotive railroad. The U.S. was responsible for 65 percent of steel production worldwide by the end of the 2nd World War (Reutter 1). In Sparrows Point: Making Steel: the Rise and Ruin of American Industrial Might, Mark Reutter reports that “Four out of every five manufacturing items contained steel and 40 percent of all wage earners owed their livelihood directly or indirectly to the industry.” This steel industry was the central employer during this era.