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Development of the Khmer Rouge
Rise of khmer rouge
Cambodian genocide carried out by the Khmer Rouge
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After exerting over a decade and $300 million dollars, the United Nations chose to proceed with a tribunal that would prosecute the accomplices of the Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge is responsible for the deaths of at least 1.7 million Cambodians. This is possibly one of the most horrific mass killings that this past century has witnessed and, since the trail has begun, the Court has only successfully prosecuted three men. The trial’s extremely slow pace and its susceptibility to political interference are the reason for a very awkward compromise that was reached by Cambodia and the United Nations as they agreed to set up a combined international court, which formally began in 2006. The crimes that were being prosecuted by the ECCC’S included genocide crimes against humanity, grave breaches of the 1949 Geneva Convention, and religious persecution as defined by the Cambodian Penal Code of 1956. Of the Three people Convicted felons all three of them are sentenced to life in prison. They are sentenced Life in prison as the maximum punishment, because Cambodian Law prohibits the act of the death penalty. The ECCC is the first ever to allow victims to participate directly as civil parties. Civil parties are represented by lawyers who speak for …show more content…
Politics should never get in the way of doing the right thing., but unfortunately, in this case, they did. I am extremely surprised by the amount of steps that the defendants have to go through, especially the they decide to repeal an act. Even though its evident that the defendants convicted horrible war crimes, this huge process is almost necessary because this process offers deep analyzation of the case. Which ultimately gives the victims of the Khmer Rouge a piece of mind that they will pay for the dreadful actions that they’ve
On March 16, 1968, in the Quang Ngai region of Vietnam, specifically My Lai, the United States military was involved in an appalling slaughter of approximately 500 Vietnamese civilians. There are numerous arguments as to why this incident even had the capacity to occur. Although some of the arguments seem valid, can one really make excuses for the slaughter of innocent people? The company that was responsible for the My Lai incident was the Charlie Company and throughout the company there were many different accounts of what happened that reprehensible day. Therefore there are a few contradictions about what had occurred, such as what the commanding officers exact instructions for the soldiers were. Even with these contradictions the results are obvious. The question that must be posed is whether these results make the American soldiers involved that day “guilty”. There is the fact that the environment of the Vietnam War made it very confusing to the soldiers exactly who the enemy was, as well as providing a pent up frustration due to the inability to even engage in real combat with the enemy. If this is the case though, why did some soldiers with the same frustrations refuse the orders and sit out on the action, why did some cry while firing, and why then did one man go so far as to place himself between the Vietnamese and the firing soldiers? If these men who did not see the sense in killing innocents were right with their actions, then how come the ones who did partake were all found not guilty in court? The questions can keep going back and forth on this issue, but first what happened that day must be examined.
In today’s society, many argue that the death penalty is inhumane. They call it a form of torture because the convicted wait so long on death row for their execution date. However, according to the United Nations Convention, it is not a form of torture. The United Nations Convention defines torture as “Torture means any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is...
... to eliminate any Western influences in order to create a utopian society, killed off million of influential scholars, philosophers and any educated people in the country. These Cambodians believed that this would benefit the rest of the country and would create a utopian for the future generations of Cambodians. Even though this was morally and ethically wrong to them it was right. So who is to say who was right or wrong if it is based off their beliefs?
The ICTR had been created in November 1994 and installed in Arusha in February the following year. In April it had produced its own list of four hundred genocide suspects, supposed to be more neutral than the various lists produced in Rwanda itself. A year later it was still floundering about, complaining about “lack of means,” not having even produced any indictment, much less
A contentious issue in current debate is the death penalty and its application in society. The death penalty, also known as capital punishment, occurs when a individual is punished by execution as a consequence of an offence they committed (Taylor, 2014). Although Australia does not practice the death penalty, many countries continue to employ it as a means of justice and uphold its value in society. The death penalty debate is a multifaceted issue, encompassing many aspects of society including ethics and morality, the judicial system, and politics and the economy. It will be argued that the death penalty is a morally dubious and obsolete practice that is no longer relevant in modern judiciary, as it breaches the inviolable human right to life. Ethics and morality are primary arguments for both supporting and opposing the death penalty, as some individuals believe that the death penalty is a immoral practice and others consider that it can be morally justified when prolific crimes are committed. Punishment is fundamental element to any legal system as a means of justice and ensuing that the offender is unable to commit additional crimes; however, in the case of the death penalty there can be dire consequences if the legal system is wrong. Politics and the economy are also greatly influenced by the death penalty as they determine if the practice is maintained. The death penalty breaches a number of human rights laws and some individuals support that it is immoral; however, others consider it to be justifiable due to the heinous actions of the offender.
25 Nov 2013 Menzel, Jörg. Justice Delayed Or Too Late For Justice? The Khmer Rouge Tribunal And The Cambodian "Genocide" 1975-79. " Journal Of Genocide Research 9.2 (2007): 215-233.
The public has been overwhelmingly supportive of this system and has actively engaged in the election of over a quarter of a million judges to handle these cases (1123). In comparison to how Graybill presented South Africa, for Rwanda he placed great emphasis on the involvement and support of the citizenry. However, he also shows that due to the widespread participation in violence the nation of Rwanda is overburdened as it seeks to achieve gacaca. Unlike the South African case the use of written apologies was written into the law, in order to facilitate forgiveness. Mozambique is a peculiar case, considering the choice of what has been described as amnesia by Graybill. After a nearly 20 yearlong war where one million civilians are killed there have been no calls for punishment or accountability. According to Graybill in Mozambique, “If someone talks of wanting to avenge him listeners will remind him how revenge leads to counter revenge and so-forth” (1125). Graybill points out that although this may have worked in the short term, there is a chance that this may just allow old wounds to fester and come to the forefront later as it has in Chile and Argentina (1127). As Graybill has presented this case I would like to see further research on the view of individuals on the conflict and whether victims view
The Rwandan genocide began on April 7th and was aimed at the mass extermination of the Tutsi people. The Hutus viewed the Tutsi people as aliens and as enemies of the Hutu race. The Hutus believed that the Tutsi were just after power and wanted to enslave them. Rape and mass execution were used as weapons against the Tutsi people during the genocide. Over half a million Tutsi people lost their lives during this event. Pauline aided her state in the destruction of the Tutsi people during the Rwandan genocide. Pauline was accused of kidnapping, detaining, murdering, raping, and torturing the Tutsi people. When brought to trial for her crimes, Pauline was proved to be guilty of the accused crimes and was sentenced to life in prison. When these women’s crimes and convictions are compared, it is clear to see the lack of action from the international
These conditions were clearly morally deplorable, and the coup caused a change from aristocrats to an Indonesian business class, seen as a victory over communism at the climax of the Cold War. Seeing as similar killings happened right after Indonesia’s, one would think that the generals did not learn their lesson on moral validity. The inevitability of people being killed waters down the big question of moral validities by the minute. In the end, it all comes down to the point of view; depending on the point of view, any side’s moral values could be seen
One of the most important developments in recent years has been the adoption of international treaties whereby states commit themselves to not having the death penalty. Three such treaties now exist:
The Death Penalty and War.Full Text Available By: Duner, Bertil; Geurtsen, Hanna. International Journal of Human Rights, Winter2002, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p1-28, 28p
Restorative justice is concerned with healing victims' wounds, restoring offenders to law-abiding lives, and repairing harm done to interpersonal relationships and the community. It seeks to involve all stakeholders and provide opportunities for those most affected by the crime to be directly involved in the process of responding to the harm caused”. The Rwanda government has suffered a tremendous violent act in the loss of their two major ethnic groups that consisted of the Hutu and Tutsi. The large scale of mass murder caused millions of orphans and un-circumscribable agony to a country that has yet to be restored and healed. After such tragic events of rape, torture and decapitation to innocent people, the widespread of horror still is engraved in the survivors’ memory. For any individual to take any other person life is one scenario and to rape and kill a person while there family watch is another. Imagine the site and anguish given by the victim who is fighting or striving to maintain their life with all their being, while the oppressor ignores his/her cries to resolve the situation. That person is not in their right state of mind and probably does not know the purpose or the aftermath of their action. In 1994 the world witnessed one of the most systematic and vast massacre of our time in Rwanda. By the end of the massacre one million people were dead and hundreds were left with physical and psychological scars. The genocide was fueled by years of hatred between the Hutus and the Tutsis. After the genocide the Rwandan government was left with the task of designing a justice system suitable to prosecute perpetrators of the genocide and the reestablishment of peace within the country. Due to the lack of a competent judicial sys...
In 1991, the outbreak of the news regarding the gruesome Vizconde massacre circulated in the Philippines. “On the morning of June 30, 1991, a mother and her two daughters were found slaughtered in their own home.” (De Guzman, 2008). After nineteen years, composing of numerous trials and appeals, the primary suspect, Hubert Webb, along with six others were acquitted. ‘Trial of the century’ was used by most to refer to the case due to the long process it took. A year before the suspects of the Vizconde massacre were acquitted, mass graves where found in the province of Maguindano. Until now, the trial is still on-going, and according to Harry Roque, the lawyer representing the families of the victims, “it would last more than 100 years at the present pace of the trial, by which time all the defendants would be dead.” Another infamous case remains unresolved, which is of the involvement of the 14th President of the Philippines, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and her husband, Mike Arroyo. These popular cases, one of which almost occurred for two decades, would make anyone question the quality of the justice system the Philippines has. With the country swarming with new cases almost year-by-year, one would desire to go deeper in the context of such system. The curiosities regarding the freedom of Hubert Webb and others accused despite having various evidences and witnesses, clamors of families of innocent victims, and the thirst for justice are the reasons for the creation of such documentary.
Though we are very far from achieving a worldwide ban on capital punishment, there are certain situations in which the death penalty should be looked upon as a violation of universally accepted international norms. Where the death sentence is imposed on minors, pregnant woman or persons with psychiatric disorder, at odds with internationally recognised norms, it constitutes a human rights violation. Even where a death sentence is carried out in circumstances that are not compatible with internationally accepted procedural norms constitutes a human rights violation. Again, the conditions of detention and the time spent awaiting execution; the death penalty may constitute a violation of human rights.
There is little doubt that the process of transitional justice is a long and complex process of political, social and economic changes - especially considering the fact that it usually occurs in post-conflict societies and thus in nations that are still in a process of being shaped. Today’s theory on transitional justice emerged from historic tribunals, such as the Nurnberg trials after WWII, and truth and/or reconciliation commissions, for example the Gacaca courts after the Rwandan genocide or the post-apartheid Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Even though some of these institutions pioneered some 70 years ago, very little research has been done on their operation modes and their actual outcomes - most studies tend to focus on how methods should operate in lieu of devoting their analysis to how they really operated.