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Philosophy of Socrates
Criticism of Socrates
Criticism of Socrates
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In the ancient Greek, Meletus, Anytus and Lycon among others strongly opposed Socrates. The major source of opposition towards Socrates arose when Socrates investigated things and made the voice of the weaker stronger,by questioning the acts of the rulers who had been voted. The subject of, if someone should fear death, is one of the matters that Socrates strongly evaluated and criticized basing on what other rulers had said. The proceeding chapters will focus on who was Socrates, what are the reasons for fearing death, are the reasons for fearing death satisfying? And finally if the author fears death. Socrates is a great philosopher, who uses the method of maieutics or the eclectic method to teach people. Additionally, Socrates uses argumentive dialogue between individuals by asking questions and answers to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas clearly from …show more content…
To begin with, no one knows if death is good or bad. Socrates argues that death may be one of the greatest blessings that man has. No one knows whether death does not even happen to be the greatest of all goods for the human being, (West). Ironically, people fear death as if it is one of the worst evils. Secondly, one should not fear death because of injustices. According to Socrates, one should not fear death and hence end up doing unjust things. Furthermore, Socrates argues that one should not opt to commit what is not right as a way of escaping death, whereby death might not be bad in comparison to what the unjust thing they are doing. Thirdly, one should fear of the things that they are certain. Since no man is certain that death is good or bad, they should not fear death. For to fear death, men, is in fact nothing, other than to seem wise, but not so, for it is to seem to know what one does not know, (West). Therefore, Socrates implies that someone should fear death if only they are certain about
Although Socrates and Pericles are in different situations while giving their speeches, they both talk about things that let you, as the reader, see their views on certain points. One of the key points they agree upon is death.
According to Socrates in the Phaedo, philosophy is the practice of death. He claims that philosophers should openly welcome death and be willing to die. However, by no means does this imply that philosophers should consider suicide. It simply means that philosophers should be excited, rather than frightened, for death. Socrates, himself, is not scared of death because according to him, those who practice philosophy in the right way are training for death. Therefore, they are not resentful when death approaches. For Socrates in particular, life is not worth living, and death is not worth welcoming, unless one practices philosophy by seeking to obtain wisdom and knowledge. Philosophers seek wisdom and knowledge throughout their life, which is only truly obtained if the soul is separate from the body. By pursuing wisdom for a lifetime, philosophers are able to prepare for an illustrious afterlife with the gods. In doing so, they must purify themselves from the body’s immoral desires and passions. By practicing philosophy faithfully, true philosophers are able to welcome death by accepting that the only way to attain wisdom and knowledge is through striving to have the soul as it’s own entity.
In Plato’s dialogue, Phaedo, Echecrades asks Phaedo the details of Socrates’ last day alive. Phaedo first describes his own countenance as well as the rest of Socrates’ companions as “an unaccustomed mixture of pleasure and pain” because they all know that Socrates’ death is imminent, however they see that Socrates appears happy and without fear (58, e). The conversation with Socrates turns to why a philosopher should not fear death. Socrates defines death as the separation of the soul from the body (64, c). He states that the body is a constant impediment to a philosopher in their search for the truth. Socrates says that the body “fills us with wants, desires, fears, all sorts of illusions and much nonsense, so that… no thought of any kind ever comes to us from the [it].” (66, c). He claims that philosophy itself is “training for dying” and philosophers purify their souls by detaching it from the body (67, e). Socrates concludes that it would be unreasonable for a philosopher to fear death because they will obtain the truth they sought in life upon the separation of their body and soul, or death (67, c). After successfully proves the soul’s immortality, Socrates goes on to tell his companions a myth. This myth tells o the judgment of the dead and their journey through the underworld (107, d). It explains the shape of the Earth and how it has different surfaces (108, c- 113, d). It also tells of the punishment for the maimed souls and the reward for the pure souls, those of philosophers (113, c – 114, d). After concluding this myth, Socrates seems to emphasize that the exact details of the story are not important and “no sensible man would insist that these things are as I have described them” but it is important to “risk the bel...
He views death as a separation of the soul from the body when the body and soul are together it is life. He believed this so powerfully, that he did not only fear death but welcomed it. Socrates believed that he had to live a life full and hope for death. He had to convince his disciples Cebes and Simmias to be okay with his death since they did not believe in his beliefs. Socrates believed that men were the property of the gods and stated, “it is gods who care for us, and for the gods, we human beings are among their belongings. Don't you think so?” (Phaedo, 62b). Cebes was in an agreement with Socrates on that argument. They both believed that if a man kills himself he will be punished. Cebes suggest that when the soul leaves a body, it may dissipate, no longer existing as one unit. However, Socrates argues that in favor of this myth, souls after death will eventually return to the world in other bodies. Everything that comes to come from its opposites that is explained in the first argument. Simmias then argues that destroying a body will destroy the soul in it. Cebes declares that there is no proof that the souls are immortal and suffer no negative effects after each death and rebirth. Socrates tries to convince his friends with the Argument of Opposites and the Theory of Forms. Socrates hopes that the theory of forms will help explain causation and proof of the
Death is the debt that all men pay. No matter who you are, how rich you are, or what you do for society; everyone dies. In the case of Socrates his death came from the ‘hand of justice’ from Athens. He should have been put to death after the trial, but Athens law prohibits execution on holidays, so Socrates waited in prison until a ship came into port. While there one of his friends, Crito, gave Socrates several reasons to stay alive and escape.
Phaedo was set in a prison. While in prison, Socrates contemplated whether or not there is an afterlife and whether or not the soul can survive death. He explains that we discuss the soul because it applies to all humans; it’s more personal, closer to us than the nature of being. Socrates adds that he doesn’t fear death because it means fearing your soul. You shouldn’t fear the unknown, but embrace it. Furthermore, he comes to the conclusion that the soul is immortal based on the following 3 arguments.
Many people seem to fear death, but philosophers such as Socrates and Epicurus would argue that one has no reason to fear it. Socrates sees death as a blessing to be wished for if death is either nothingness or a relocation of the soul, whereas Epicurus argues that one shouldn't worry themselves about death since, once we are gone, death is annihilation which is neither good nor bad. Epicurus believes that death itself is a total lack of perception, wherein there is no pleasure or pain. I agree with Epicurus because Socrates doesn't give a sound argument for death as a blessing, whereas Epicurus' argument is cogent. I would also argue personally that death is not something to be feared because, like Epicurus, I see no sufficient evidence showing we even exist after death.
When people ponder death they wonder about the unknown with trepidation. As a young man, William Cullen Bryant wrote the "Thanatopsis." His thoughts progress from the fear of death to the acceptance of the event. People should not fear death because everyone dies and becomes a part of nature.
The Death of Socrates depicts Socrates’ final moments as they were told in Plato’s’ Phaedo. Socrates was a famous Greek philosopher in the 5th and 4th century. The Athenian democracy tried and convicted Socrates of impiety and corruption of
Socrates was a philosopher who was true to his word and his death was ultimately felt by his closest friends and followers. In Phaedo, Socrates is met with his closest friends during his final hours as they await his death. At this point Socrates is prepared for death and seems to welcome it. Although death may seem like a scary inevitable fate that we all must face at one point; Socrates saw death as a privilege mainly because he believed that the soul was immortal. As a result, Socrates provides arguments as to why he believed the soul was immortal and even though all his arguments lacked unconvincing evidence, he does bring up good points. In this paper I will talk about Socrates’ most and least convincing arguments on immortality, and explain what Socrates’ problem was with Anaxagoras.
Socrates states, “death may not in fact prove the greatest of all blessings for mankind; but people fear it as if they knew it for certain to be the greatest of evil”. I agree with Socrates that we don’t know what death is, and it is possible for death to be a good thing. There is not a definite answer to what death feels like or what happens after you die. Even when we ask people about death, we are going to get infinite ideas about death. If we do not know about death then why fear something we do not know. We also cannot decide whether death is actually considered “evil”. There are many circumstances that people may think that it is better for a person to die than to live. In medical practices there is term known as euthanasia, which is intentionally ending a life in order to relive pain or medical assisted suicide. We cannot determine whether it is a bad for a person to die because this may actually end their
Marcus understands that man should not fear death because it is natural and "only children are scared by a natural process" (2:12). If man does not fear death, then they will live their lives without fear. If man lives without fear, then their lives will, in turn, be ideal.
... is safely sustained. Ultimately, the lack of knowledge on the subject of death is no grounds for its presumption to have any negative connotation. Thus Socrates leaves the people and the men of the jury, pronouncing that "it is time for us to go—me to my death, you to your lives. Which of us goes to the better fate, only god knows,” (Plato 100).
The Answer to the Plato Question While reading Plato’s writing, there can be many questions and answers. This paper will answer why Plato claims that a philosopher should not fear death, that the philosopher is the true embodiment of moderation, and through his quest for knowledge, is the philosopher’s moderation tainted, and why. Each question can be answered best by referring to Plato’s Apology and Phaedo. Plato claims that a philosopher should not fear death, and explains why in his writing. In Phaedo by Plato, Socrates explains that a philosopher should be willing to die, and that he will be in the presence of Gods, who are good masters.
Socrates was an insightful philosopher who had an opinion on all the basic fundamental questions. He had very strong beliefs that he willed others into believing through questioning and proving ignorance in others beliefs. He has particular views on every fundamental question and particular views on how people should live their lives. He says God has spoken to him about philosophy and says that it is his destiny and it is his calling in life. Through philosophy he searches for answers to the fundamental questions and gains wisdom and knowledge. The fundamental question of condition is the question of what, if anything, has gone wrong with the world? The question of solution is what can fix the problem? Then there is Death which asks what happens