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Ways rhetoric is used today
Global impacts of terrorism
Rhetoric in a day to day example
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Introduction
A rhetorical situation is an instance, scenario or an occurrence which calls for a spoken or written response. According to (Caudill etal 217) a rhetoric situation has three components namely the rhetor, which is the person speaking or writing, the audience and the issue. Other elements include the genre or type and the purpose of the rhetoric.
The following is a rhetoric situation targeting readers in countries affected by terrorism. The purpose is to bring to light the increased acts of terrorism around the world and recommend measures to curb the same. The genre of this rhetoric situation is written.
The Menace of Terrorism
In any instance one would wonder what terrorist seek to achieve when they launch cowardly acts on innocent civilians. While they may be against the policies and the mode of operations of many countries, these beasts should understand that it is not the common citizen who passes laws, decides on policy or determines government actions. They proclaim so much power and victory over innocent lives while they cannot even afford to confront a troop of military. If these weaklings think they are so powerful, why can’t they justify their self proclaimed might by attacking state houses, parliament buildings and other heavily guarded governmental factions?
There has been a rise in terrorist attacks recently around the world and especially in Africa. The most recent incident of terrorist attack in Africa is the Westgate Mall attack in Kenya in which the Al Shabab terror group claimed responsibility (Elbagir, 2013). The inhuman event which involved around 10 gunmen claimed 65 innocent lives a majority of them being pregnant women and children. The terrorists are known to attack places and countries ...
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References
Caudill, Sally, Celeste M. Condit, and John L. Lucaites. Contemporary Rhetorical Theory: A Reader. New York [u.a.] [u.a.: Guilford Press, 1999. Print.
Elbagir, Nima. “Kenya mall attack: Four accused of having role in bloody siege”. CNN. 4 November 2013. Web. 25 Mar 14. http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/04/world/africa/kenya-mall-attack/
Koppel, Andrea. & Glasse, Jenniffer. “Rescuers search for life in rubble of Nairobi bomb attack”. CNN. 8 August 1998. Web. 25 Mar 14. http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/africa/9808/07/africa.explosions.04/
Raghavan, Sudarsan. “The Central African Republic’s complex war, explained in the journey of a Muslim baby girl”. The Washington Post. 9 March 2014. Web. 25 Mar 14. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/it-was-a-miracle-she-survived/2014/03/08/04ca0922-9671-11e3-ae45-458927ccedb6_story.html
Heinrichs had previously worked as a journalist before becoming a full time writer and advocate for rhetoric. He utilizes illustrative examples to convey rhetorical concepts. Furthermore, chapter four reveals the most valuable logos and pathos tactic. Lastly, this book’s use should be continued in this course.
Olson, Annie. “An Introduction to Rhetoric.” Le Tourneau U, May 2006. Web. 6 Dec. 2011.
Palmer, William. "Rhetorical Analysis." Discovering Arguments: An Introduction to Critical Thinking, Writing, and Style. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012. 268-69. Print.
"Terror Hits Home: The Oklahoma City Bombing." FBI. FBI, 21 May 2010. Web. 22 Jan. 2014. .
Lloyd F. Bitzer’s article, “The Rhetorical Situation”, is an account of what he calls the “rhetorical situation” as what he believes to be the conditions necessary for compelling a rhetorician to engage in rhetoric (35). It is Bitzer’s position that a work of rhetoric comes into existence as a response to the call of a certain state of affairs in the world (32). Furthermore, Bitzer claims that when we find ourselves in such “situations”, we are compelled to engage in rhetoric in order to restore the balance that we find lacking (34). He identifies three interconnected elements of situational rhetoric: exigence, audience, and constraints (35). Bitzer argues that a rhetorical discourse, which consists of an engagement with an audience for the purpose of compelling that audience to modify the world so as to repair the problem which is presented (35), is required to solve the problem as the world presents it (34). This lack of balance in a rhetorical situation or state of affairs in the world leads to what Bitzer calls exigence, which he defines as “an imperfection marked by urgency” (36). Bitzer also expands on the notion of a rhetorical audience, which is central to his theory of situational rhetoric. Bitzer defines a rhetorical audience as persons who, through discourse, are subject to influence and as persons who can be compelled to bring about the change called for by a rhetorical situation (37). Bitzer also identifies constraints as being a vital component to his theory, which he defines as anything within the rhetorical situation which has the power to “constrain decision” (38).
Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1305304 NOVA (2013, May 29). NOVA | Manhunt—Boston Bombers [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/manhunt-boston-bombers.html Speckhard, A. (2013). The Boston Marathon Bombers: the Lethal Cocktail that Turned Troubled Youth to Terrorism. Perspectives On Terrorism, 7(3).
Currently, physician assisted suicide and euthanasia are only legal in a few states, but for years, many have tried over and over again to get this practice to be legal nationwide. Upon searching the web for news and articles pertaining to this touchy subject, I found a video called Ad Campaign for Physician-Assisted Death. This video by Kelsey Milbourn supports my views and effectively shows the benefits to legalizing physician assisted suicide and euthanasia. Within this video, I was able to pull out the rhetorical situation, which is a diagram that ties together the speaker, speech, audience, occasion, and presuppositions of both the audience and speaker.
In The Rhetorical Situation, Lloyd F. Bitzer argues that what makes a situation rhetorical is similar to that which constitutes a moral action as he writes that, “an act is moral because it is an act performed in a situation of a certain kind; similarly, a work is rhetorical because it is a response to a situation of a certain kind”.(3) By defining the rhetorical situation in this way, Bitzer further contends that rhetoric is a means to altering reality. (4) It is through the use of discourse that one is capable of changing reality through thought and action. (4) Bitzer then elaborates upon the nature of a rhetorical situation by explaining that rhetorical discourse enters a situation when: providing a response to its state of affairs; rhetorical discourse is given significant presence by the situation; the situation exists as a necessary condition for rhetorical discourse to have effect; a rhetorical situation or event may mature or decay over time; the rhetorical situation invites the use of discourse to alter its reality; the rhetorical response given to the situation is appropriate; and the situation controls the response of the discourse. While Bitzer notes that these are parameters for a situation to qualify as being rhetorical, he further discusses three constituents that are present in any rhetorical situation prior to the presence and manipulation of discourse. (6) Exigence, audience, and constraints are seen to be necessary elements in a rhetorical situation for Bitzer. Exegince, “is an imperfection marked by urgency; it is a defect, an obstacle, something waiting to be undone, a thing which is other than it should be”. (6) An audience whose members may function as mediators of change is required, as rhetoric alw...
A rhetorical analysis can be defined as the breakdown of components used to make a persuasive argument or judgment on a particular subject or topic. The ability to make a conclusion or decision on a given thought or idea in a moment of seconds is a result of rhetorical analysis. “Because media rhetoric surrounds us, it is important to understand how rhetoric works. If we refuse to stop and think about how and why it persuades us, we can become mindless consumers who buy into arguments about what makes us value ourselves and what makes us happy”. In Carroll’s essay “Backpacks Vs.
McNeil, Hayden. The Anteater's Guide to Writing & Rhetoric. Irvine: Composition Program, Department of English, UC Irvine, 2014. Print.
In this essay, I will be analyzing the Traditional method of rhetorical criticism and the Narrative method of rhetorical criticism.
The author’s main argument in “Rhetoric: Making Sense of Human Interaction and Meaning-Making” is that rhetoric does not need to be complicated if writers incorporate certain elements to their writing. Downs further analyzed the elements that contribute to rhetoric such as symbols and signals, motivation, emotion, ecology, reasoning and identification. The author emphasized that writers can learn how to deliver their writing effectively once they are more aware on how rhetoric works. Downs constantly assures that rhetoric is quite simple and does not need to provoke fuzziness. Even though the term rhetorical is applied to everything, the author of the article made it clear that the “rhetorical” thing is situated. The example provided by the author in this article, further guides our understanding on what rhetoric
In “Terror’s Purse Strings”, Dana Thomas successfully persuades her target audience of general consumers to not purchase counterfeit products. Thomas’s purpose is to inform her audience that the notion of consuming counterfeit products being a victimless crime is completely false and the true harmful effects of consuming counterfeit products. In “Sweatshop Oppression”, Rajeev Ravisankar successfully persuades his target audience of general college students that they should take measures against corporations who knowingly use inhumane sweatshops to produce their products. Through the analysis of each writer's rhetorical strategies, the establishment of credibility, and stylistic techniques, I am going to compare and contrast Dana Thomas’s “Terror's
The threat of global terrorism continues to rise with the total number of deaths reaching 32,685 in 2015, which is an 80 percent increase from 2014 (Global Index). With this said, terrorism remains a growing, and violent phenomenon that has dominated global debates. However, ‘terrorism’ remains a highly contested term; there is no global agreement on exactly what constitutes a terror act. An even more contested concept is whether to broaden the scope of terrorism to include non-state and state actors.
The concept of terrorism is exceedingly difficult to define. Author Gerald Seymour first said in his book Harry’s Game that, “One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter”. Each individual may view terrorism in a different light. Because of this, there is currently no universal definition of terrorism. However, in recent years, it has become increasingly more important to form a definition of terrorism, especially while working in the media.