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What is feminism? By general definition
What is feminism? By general definition
Feminism is the advocacy of women's rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes
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According to Anne Koedt, she states that frigidity in women is defined by men as, “the failure of women to have vaginal orgasms (100). She claims there is a distinction between the vaginal and the clitoral orgasms, and even goes as far as to assert that vaginal orgasms do not exist- only the clitoris can accomplish that. The problem with Koedt’s assertion is that she does not delve further into explaining and giving credible sources to her claims. Not only that, there are empirical studies that supports vaginal orgasms, though it is important to note that most of these recent studies emerged after she proposed her theory. Though her claims are incorrect, her attack on the foundation of heterosexuality provoked some curious reexamination of what is considered the only area to achieve orgasm. …show more content…
Her and other feminist groups generated these critiques as a form of writings instead of research, giving her claims almost no back-bone. Her piece became a feminist classic, however, and provided a way for modern feminism to gradually stabilize their principles of the definition of feminism. One main flaw in Koedt’s excerpt is her massive generalization of women. Koedt believes that women who alleges that they have experienced vaginal stimulation are just unaware of their anatomy, and so they do not understand that their organism stemmed from a different source (105). Although Koedt disagrees and mentions a few sources to demystify the Freudian reasoning concerning vaginal orgasms, she does not implement more credible evidence to support her argument. Basically, it is mostly opinionated, with the exception of her analysis of the female anatomy- but that investigation results in no viable data to indicate the myth of the vagina
From a very early age, perhaps the age of six or seven, I realized that I enjoyed disputing things. As I grew older, I attempted to curb this tendency, since I thought it might negatively impact people’s views of me, but I never intended to stamp it out, as it was too integral to my nature.
Many powers that women possessed in the past, and that they posses today, are located in the most secure vault in the body, the brain. These powers are not consciously locked up, and at times many women do not even now that they exist, and this is mainly due to the “male world” (53) in which women live in. Audre Lorde presents this ideal that one of these powers that are being oppressed by society is that of the erotic. Lorde presents the argument that allowing the desires and feelings of the erotic to play a conscious role in the lives of women will allow women to live a different life, one filled with empowerment from both past and present endeavors.
The article has two parts, the first part is ““A Response to Mary Gordon” by Sally Mann,” she protects her family pictures from critics that are against her work such as Mary Gordon. (p. 228 - 229). Sally Mann is a photographer that takes pictures of her children and a series of her pictures, her children are nude and the way that they are posing makes some critics question her work. Pictures tell a lot but can be misread between the person behind the camera and the one that see’s the photograph. (p. 229) She looks at her pictures and see’s her children’s innocence while others see it in a sexual way with her children’s poses and gazes. (p. 229) The critics against her work think that it is bad to expose her children in that manner. Mary Gordon does not like Sally Mann’s photo of “The Perfect Tomato”, Gordon thinks that Mann staged the photo, she thinks that all Mann’s photos are always structured and that her children are posing through her commands. Mann claims that in the “tomato” picture, she captured it just in that moment and it was
Irigaray, Luce. "This Sex Which Is Not One." Feminism: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism. Ed. Robyn R. Warhol and Diane Price Herndle. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1991.
The concept of womb envy-- envy of the procreative power of women (Kittay 126)-- has been virtually ignored by both psychoanalysts and literary critics since Bruno Bettelheim first introduced the idea. Though intended as a supplement to the concepts of penis envy and the Oedipal complex developed by Freud, womb envy has not generated the attention that penis envy has. This may in part be due to Freud's interpretation of the desires of the males in his case study to bear children as be "anal, autoerotic, or homosexual" in nature. (Kittay 127). Since Freud ignored the possibility of men's envy of women's childbirthing abilities, most of his followers have as well.
During the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth-century women’s sexuality was dictated by the family and society as there were specific rules put in place for each gender. This became problematic for women in the century, as they could not express their sexual identity. However, the protagonist in both Kate Chopin’s The Awakening (1899) and Angela Carter’s The Magic Toyshop (1967) demonstrate the consequences of going against the family for women. Jeffrey Weeks states, “The very idea of sexual identity is an ambiguous one. For many in the modern world-especially the sexually marginal-it is an absolutely fundamental concept, offering a sense of personal unity. Social location, and even at times a political commitment.” (Capaln, 1989:
Gender identities and gender relations are determined by the culture of a society. Culture makes gender roles meet certain inescapable beliefs, assumptions, expectations, and obligations. Gender politics camouflaged by cultural norms and governed by patriarchal interests and manifested in cultural practices like female genital mutilation, make the life of women difficult and burdensome. Alice Walker’s fifth novel Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992) discusses a tabooed cultural practice called female genital mutilation, camouflaged by gender politics, that is used to subjugate women, to protect the interests of men. Female Genital Mutilation is a painful procedure considered to be a mark of true womanhood in certain cultures. The procedure
On the other hand, cultural feminists such as Stassinopoulos claimed that women's unique perspective and talents must be valued, intentionally emphasizing the differences between men and women. A third type of feminism, post-modernism, is represented in Sexing the Body by Anne Fausto-Sterling. Post-modern feminism questions the very origins of gender, sexuality, and bodies. According to post-modernism, the emphasis or de-emphasis of difference by cultural and liberal feminists is meaningless, because the difference itself and the categories difference creates are social constructions. Fausto-Sterling's post-modernism, however, depicts this social construction in a unique manner; she attempts to illustrate the role of science in the construction of gender, sex, and bodies. In doing so she discusses three main ways in which science aids in the social construction of sex: first, new surgical technology allows doctors to literally construct genitalia; second, socially accepted biases affect the way scientists design, carry out, and analyze ex...
Boa, Elizabeth. "Wedekind and the 'Woman Question'." Boa, Elizabeth. The Sexual Circus: Wedekind's Theatre of Subversion. New York : Basil Blackwell Inc. , 1987. 167-202. Print.
Luce Irigaray,’ article, “This Sex Which is Not One,” can be succinctly summarized by the following key points. First, the author mentions the way women are seen in the western philosophical discourse and in psychoanalytic theory. She also talks about the women’s sexuality in many ways. ” Female sexuality has always been conceived on the basis of masculine parameters.” Women are seen qualitatively rather than quantitatively.
Blackledge, Catherine. "The Function of the Orgasm." Gender, Sex, and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University, 2009. 272-84. Print.
For women during these period, their sexual urges are more repressed that they are the first to invent dildos to “pacify” their urges. Even to the present times, we carry the notion that women are more “sexually repressed” beings than men. After the sexual repression of
Early theorists explained female orgasmic dysfunction with the view that sexual behavior was healthy as long as it helped the cultural and biological roles of men and women. Thus, the woman who is not sexually satisfied with genital intercourse, who is unable to achieve a 'vaginal orgasm', was seen as the sufferer as a result of her denial of her natural place as the passive receiver of the male penis. Treatment then aimed at working through her inner inhibitions against femininity.
This relates to the discussion of women making decision for their own bodies and their sexuality. The stigma that is put upon women if they have multiple partners is that they are considered “whores” or “sluts.” But men performing the same actions will not be stigmatize with those labels because of the double-standard of oppression placed on women to “act like a lady.” Kleiman describes that the word “woman” is considered a dirty word that needs to be cleaned to become a lady (Kleiman). The meaning of a woman is now represented as a gilded wire that is perceived to become a quiet, submissive
suggested that in each sexual act there is the potential for the creation of new life which challenges time and death. The woman is the proud yet fearful instrument of this process.