Promotion of hygiene through hand washing
Based on the evidence that only 26% of the population in Nigeria wash hands after defecation, 46% wash hands before eating and 3.6% wash hands after cleaning a child’s bottom (Lagos 2013). A five year strategic plan will be rolled out in one of Lagos slums to reduce diarrhoea in children aged of 2- 5, a pilot project will be conducted in Makoko. Since 95% of the population has no piped water and in our short implementation plan as much as we provide clean water through chlorination of shallow wells and boreholes, will distribute alcohol based hand wraps in all local daycares, preschools and pharmacies. The roll out in schools will be in form of information, education and communication teaching materials. Teachers will be given educational lessons on the spread of the diarrhea diseases and how it can be abated. The lessons on the spread of the disease will be incorporated in the new school curriculum and follow ups will be based on quarterly visits, school attendance registers.
Strengthening vaccination campaigns and treatment of diarrhea diseases
Pharmacists are the point of contact in Nigeria in terms of outbreaks of epidemics. With a view that only 15% of children received proper WHO guidelines of how to administer diarrhea vaccines from the pharmacists, we will conduct sessions to strengthen their knowledge on the treatment and prevention of diarrhea cases. Pharmacists have an essential role in reducing child mortality rates because they are easily accessible and are distributed in urban or rural simultaneously.
On the other hand, WHO recommends the use oral zinc (tablets or syrups) as an additional therapy with oral rehydration solution (ORS) for acute childhood. In addition, the pr...
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...nt is the participation will enhance ownership and increases the success of the program.
Since there are structure in place in the community for hygiene promotion in the city of Lagos such community meetings, organizations advocating for hygiene, schools to mention a few, these can effectively the key messages on how to prevent and treat diarrhea cases. In fact these are cost-effective based on fact that health priorities compete with scarce resources.
In addition, partnership and involvement of state and non state actors is critical in making this project successfully one. This will create a conducive environment and provide added value to influence hygiene promotion. Inclusion of key stakeholders such as soap industry which will provide two-way benefits to the industry as it will be selling soaps while the public improve hygiene and reduce diarrheal diseases.
Health care policies are put into place regarding childhood immunization requirements for schools, along with information on obtaining religious exemptions. Each state and/or country develops their own individualized guidelines through interactions with federal and state government agencies. One in five babies around the world are missing out on basic vaccines and may die from weak health systems and insufficient funding. UNICEF and its partners are working to change these numbers and ensure that all children are successfully protected with vaccines.
Vaccines are becoming increasingly hazardous for many children and parents are not being informed about the safety of their children. Current reports are linking vaccines to serious life-threatening disorders such as asthma, autism, immune system dysfunction, and mental retardation (Williams). These recent revelations are causing an increasing amount of people to claim religious and medical exemptions from vaccines. From 1999 to 2006, exemptions have more than doubled from 9,722 to 24,919 (Cronin). It is very clear that vaccinations are posing many problems for parents everywhere. Each day researchers are finding out about vaccines and are realizing that there are a lot more risks than benefits. Dr Phillip F. Incao explains: “Today, far more children suffer from allergies and other chronic immune system disorders than from life-threatening infectious disease. It is neither reasonable nor prudent to persist in presuming that the benefits of any vaccination outweigh its risk” (qtd in Spaker). While infectious diseases are becoming uncommon there is no need for any person to get vaccinated.
“The CDC is the primary developer of national infection control and prevention guidelines, often in collaboration with its Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, which is responsible for research and dissemination of the latest information for preventing disease transmission” (Griffis, 2013, p. 175). Infection control will continue to be a topic of discussion as long as germ transmission is still happening. Among these studies is the concern the frequent nonadherence to contact precautions is a huge issue that many studies are still very concerned about (Jessee & Mion, 2013, p. 966). The writer is also concerned with the blatant disregard for hand hygiene that appears to be happening in the medical field. What about what is best for the patient. Do the people that do not use proper hand hygiene not understand how important it
Holding children’s hands while crossing the road, buckling them up in the car, and teaching them to stay away from strangers, are all important when it comes to child safety. But what about vaccinations? It is necessary that each child be properly vaccinated for many reasons, but most importantly for their health and well-being. With the help of vaccinations, many diseases have been eradicated and many lives have been saved. If parents do not properly vaccinate their children, health issues and other complications will arise for everyone, leading to a higher disease and death rate worldwide.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines hand hygiene as, “a general term that applies to routine hand washing, antiseptic hand wash, antiseptic hand rub, or surgical hand antisepsis.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013) The idea of hand washing has been around for centuries. In the mid-1800’s Ignaz Semmelweis established that hospital-acquired diseases were transmitted via the hands of health care workers. After Semmelweis observed physicians and health care workers in the obstetric setting and studied mortality rates he recommended that hands be scrubbed in a chlorinated lime solution before coming in contact with every patient. Following the implementation of Semmelweis’s recommendation mortality rates associated with childbirth fell from seven percent to three percent. Although Semmelweis observation and recommendations were significant fellow physicians and colleagues did not adopt them. The 1980’s posed as a crucial time for health care in the sense of hand hygiene. This was when the first national hand hygiene guidelines were published in the 1980s. In 1995 and 1996, the CDC/Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) in the USA suggested that either antimicrobial soap or a waterless antiseptic agent be use...
The research used in this study was quantitative. The study used an interventional design, and performed observation to measure hand hygiene opportunities and attempts at baseline, after an intervention, and during a follow up period. A survey was also used at the follow up period to determine what the perceptions were to the campaign. Permission was obtained from the administration department of a large Midwestern health care system, and clinics gave consent to participate. The participants were mostly doctors and nurses. The intervention used of introducing an alcohol based gel sanitizer and informational posters to increase the workers awareness to take personal responsibility for reducing the spread of health care associated infections (KuKanich, Kaur, Freeman, & Powell, 2013, p.
Despite such documented success we are still witnessing the deadly impact of vaccine preventable diseases. Millions of preventable cases of disease and death are still occurring in low and middle-income countries where disease burdens are often the highest. The time lag in the introduction of new vaccines between high-income and low-income countries has been a major issue. Some vaccines are introduced in high-income countries a full year before they are introduced to low-income countries where disease burdens are rapidly growing.
Child providers need to know the correct way to change a diaper and appropriate ways to teach children to use the toilet in order to prevent the spread of illness.
Hand hygiene is now regarded as one of the most important element of infection control activities. In the wake of the growing burden of health care associated infections (HCAIs), the increasing severity of illness and complexity of treatment, superimposed by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogen infections, health care practitioners (HCPs) are reversing back to the basics of infection preventions by simple measures like hand hygiene. (CNO, 2015)
The systematic review; Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in patient care, conducted by the Cochrane Collaboration investigated inventions to improve hand hygiene compliance within patient care. The review included 2 original studies with an additional two new studies (Gould & Moralejo et al., 2010). Throughout the review it was affirmed that among hand hygiene is an indispensable method in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections (HAI), the compliance among nurses’ is inadequate. Nurses are identified within the public as dependable and trustworthy in a time of vulnerability due to their specialised education and skills (Hughes, 2008). Thus, it is imperative that evidence based practice is cond...
As many children around the world attend a privileged school everyday, the idea of missing school due to water-borne illness never crosses their mind, yet for those in less fortunate countries, it is a gift to have the strength and health to attend school on a regular basis. Sickness there is common and many times, water is the cause. “Education is lost to sickness. Economic development is lost while people merely try to survive” (The World Project).
Dr. S.M. Shamim ul Moula, “Fighting Disease” May 9, 2001 African Networks for health research and development; retrieved Dec. 9, 2003 http://www.afronets.org/archive/200105/msg00035.php
“Childhood vaccines are one of the great triumphs of modern medicine. Indeed, parents whose children are vaccinated no longer have to worry about their child's death or disability from whooping cough, polio, diphtheria, hepatitis, or a host of other infections.” (Ezekiel J. Emanuel, 1). Vaccines helped humanity for many years in eliminating illnesses that disfigured, disabled and a lot of times took lives away. Children who do not get vaccinated not only risk themselves by being an easy target for diseases they also, harm everyone around them. In the end, today's children are the fuel of the future. Every parent should think carefully before taking any chance that may harm the coming generation.
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine n.d., Session 5: The role of the state
(2011). Reducing Morbidity and Mortality of Diarrheal Disease in Children Under 5: Intervention, Implementation, and Evaluation Plan. Retrieved from http://www.ictph.org.in/tps-2011/images/ictph-chapter-3.pdf