Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia as botanical name in the family of Cucurbitaceae) is a widely popular vegetable grown extensively in several parts of India and in countries like Africa, China, Caribean and Southeast asian regions(Cefalu et al,2008) and (Cousens, 2008).Bitter gourd is a herbaceous climbing annual with ridged stems that grows up to 5 metre long. The plant usually grows on trellis 180 cm in height and has a hairy stem with numerous branches and dense foliage. The main varieties of bitter gourd grown in India are Arka Harit, Priyanka, Pusa Do Mausmi, VK-1-Priya, Phule Green Gold, Priya, Preethi, Coimbatore Long, Phule Ujawala, Phule Priyanka and Pride of Gujarat. Priyanka is the widely cultivated variety in South Kerala (Balachandran, …show more content…
Bitter gourd is a good source of vitamin A, B, C, E and K, carbohydrates, phosphorus, Ca, Fe, Mg and Na (Abascal et al, 2005). Bitter gourd fruit and leaves are being studied for their hypoglycaemic, blood sugar lowering properties and ability to treat diabetes mellitus. The caloric value for leaves, fruit and seed were 213.26, 241.66 and 176.61 Kcal/100g respectively (Baby joseph et al, 2013). An extract of the leaves has anti-viral, anti-microbial and anti-bacterial properties and also used in treating various diseases. The leaves are used for treatment of wide variety of ailments such as diabetes, dysentery, rheumatism and gout, viral diseases, respiratory ailments and effective for HIV Infection (Alis et al, 1988). There are various uses for bitter gourd plant. Fruits are used as vegetables, juice, pickles and creams. Leaves are used for herbal tea. Flowers are processed and marketed in cubes, flakes, strips, granules and powder …show more content…
This fungal growth appears on the leaf surface, generally on upper surface but sometimes also on lower surface and on stem is shown in fig 1.1(c). The affected leaves become yellow and later fall down. Powdery coating covers entire vine plant parts and causes defoliation. Water soaked lesion appears which shows are the characteristics of downey mildew on under surface of leaf lamina. Angular spots appear on upper surface similar to water soaked lesion (Tripathi, 2011). Lesion appears first on the older crocon leaves and progressively on the younger leaves as shown in Figure 1.1(d). As the lesion expands, they may remain yellow or become dry and brown. Anthracnose disease symptoms is observed on leaves, petioles, stem and fruits. On young fruits numerous water soaked depressed oval spot appears, which coalesce covering large area. Under humid conditions, pink masses of spores can be seen in the center of these spots. Pink gummy exudation may also be seen on lesions due to exudation of spores. Vines have
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is caused by fungus named sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. It is a common disease in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) field. In Sweden, S. sclerotiorum can cause 60% yield reduction in infected fields (Nordin, 1992). SSR is a major disease of canola in North Dakota. The incidence ranged from 7-19% in North Dakota from 1991 to 1993. ( Lamey, 1995). It occurs almost every year and in most regions of the state. Symptoms on canola appear when flowering appear two to three weeks after infection. Mushy is the first visible symptom. Petals are the first part to be infected, then infection can spread to leaf petioles and finally to stems. Light brown discoloured patches will show on stems, branches and pods. These lesions will expand and the plant surface becomes greyish-white color. When main stem is infected, the canola plant will be easy to lodging. Hard, black structures called sclerotia (survival structure of the pathogen) will be produced on infected tissues after the infection is well-established. It can be found inside of infected stem.
Rum is an alcoholic spirit distilled in one of two ways: either from molasses as part of the sugar-making process (known as Rum Industrial) or from the sugarcane juice itself (Rhum Agricole and Cachaca). Rum can only be made in countries that grow sugarcane.
In today’s world, many people assume that the latest medical technology and treatments are always the best option. However, all over the world, different techniques for curing diseases and aliments are being used. These methods fall under the category of complementary and alternative medicine.
Schumann, Gail L., and Cleora J. D'Arcy. Hungry Planet: Stories of Plant Diseases. St. Paul: American Phytopathological Society, 2012. Print.
In the past decades the incidence of heart disease has increased, about three million people dying of cardiovascular disease in China per year (according to statistics from the Ministry of Public Health of China), which draws people’s great concern to find ways to take precautions. With the development of element analytical method, some types of chemical substances that are beneficial to cardiac health have been found. Lycopene is a very popular natural anti-oxidants found in recent years (Dai, 2011), as well as capsaicin and dietary fiber. Whilst some research focuses on the mechanism of action, little attention has been paid to usability issues, in particular to the generalization of health-giving chemical substances in ordinary meals. There is a lot of evidence that vegetables can positively contribute to prevent heart diseases, by supplying biologically active components. This article continues previous research in the field of Biochemistry and Medical Science, mainly trying to study the effective components which can prevent heart disease in edible vegetables.
But with a growing evidence that wild edible plants are often superior in comparison to processed foods (Somnasang and Moreno-Black, 2000), provide substantial nutritional and dietary benefits in remote rural areas to tribal populations (Sundriyal and Sundriyal, 2001) and can be used to prevent chronic and under nutrition diseases (Green, 1993) ethno botanical studies are becoming increasingly important (Sundriyal and Sundriyal 2000, 2004; Bhattarai and Chaudhary, 2009). The role of ethno-medicinal plants as the prerequisite of culturally pertinent and economically affordable health care in creating both sustainable livelihoods and the critical conservation of biodiversity is gaining an unprecedented importance and consequently a strong emphasis has now been laid on the need to broaden the biological diversity in human nutrition as well as to document and conserve the indigenous knowledge associated with these plants (Javaid M Dad,
Is an important extract that contain the glucose were the body is in needed to form energy.
Janick. J. (2011). Center for New Crops & Plant Products - Department of Horticulture and
Cleopatra ate them because she believed that they contributed to her good looks (Rose 1). Christopher Columbus brought them to the New World by ship (Crazy Facts 2). Aristotle talked about their health benefits (Pickle History 1). Amerigo Vespucci discovered that they prevented the spread of scurvy (Pickle History 1). Shakespeare referred to them in his plays (Pickle History 1). What are they? Pickles. Known as both a fruit and a vegetable, they are the result of pickling. Even though the origins of this method are unknown, many believe it started out in India during 2030 B.C. (Science of Pickles 1), while others believe it originated in Mesopotamia in 2400 B.C. (Pickle History 1). Either way, our ancestors benefited from this
For thousands of years human beings have attempted to find ways to get passed the struggles of their lives. With the pain of the world stopping people from enjoying simple pleasures, sometimes there is a need for help. Marijuana brings millions of people relief from the pain they feel on a day-to-day basis. This completely natural plant which helped so many people has puzzled the leaders of our nation for a long time. The THC in marijuana causes its users to experience a mild-huluciginic or high. The effect that marijuana has on a person has prevented the product from being legalized. Many other details about the plant, like the speculation of it being a gateway drug, have put another blockage on its legalization. Even though there are speculations about the plant, the benefit that it brings to the table most definitely out way its disadvantages. Marijuana can also alleviate several symptoms associated with cancer and Aids treatments and disorders. While Marijuana is effective as a medicine, it is also extremely lucrative. The economic benefits that Marijuana brings to the table are endless. Upon marijuana’s legalization, the economy would experience an immediate influx. Legalization of Marijuana would also drastically reduce crime in our cities and form a more productive society through its positive uses. The benefits that marijuana brings medically and economically are considerable enough to legalize its use medically or recreational.
There is a large body of research into herbal medicines. Great progress has been made in the isolation and identification of the constituents of medicinal plants using high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Research to identify the main active components is carried out either in a search for new drugs or to enable claims to be made for proprietary herbal preparations. Medicinal plants have been generally shown to have not one but a combination of active principles. Once these principles are found, the next step is learning how to synthesize it
So from last many thousands years the medicinal plant being used by humans for different therapeutic purpose and are changed to modern medicine like many modern drugs originated from plant source. Many of the life saving drug are isolated/extract from medicinal plant examples include Vincristine (Vinca), digoxin (Digitalis), quinine (cinchona bark), Atropine (Datura), Artimicine (Artimisia annua), morphine (from the opium poppy) (Vickers and Zollman, 1999). As per WHO the uses of herbal drug was increased day by day to two- three time more as compared to conventional drug in different form like nutraceuticals, ayurvedic drugs, traditional chinse medicine, Functional food etc (Evans, 1994).
The leaves and the rest of the plant may work wonders for balancing out blood sugar making great for diabetics.
Herbal remedies’ qualities are widespread availability, lower cost, effective for chronic conditions. Herbal remedies are the use of plants or plant extract to treat a person’ overall health. Herbal treatments are prominent for developing countries for instance, “in Africa up to 90% and in India 70% of the population depend on traditional medicine to help meet their health care needs” (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011), due to their low cost and availability. Herbal remedies have gained attention in the past decades, and expanding their uses due to the increased interest of natural therapies (Wachtel-Galor & Benzie, 2011). Herbs used on the remedies grow in the wild throughout the world, therefore making it easy to
However, such plants should be investigated to better understand their properties, safety, and efficiency. Medicinal plants contain some organic compounds which provide definite physiological action on the human body and these bioactive substances include tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids and flavonoids. These compounds are synthesized by primary or rather secondary metabolism of living organisms. Secondary metabolites are chemically and taxonomically extremely diverse compounds with obscure function. They are widely used in the human therapy, veterinary, agriculture, scientific research and countless other areas . A large number of phytochemicals belonging to several chemical classes have been shown to have inhibitory effects on all types of microorganisms in vitro. Plant products have been part of phytomedicines since time immemorial. This can be derived from barks, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, seeds. Knowledge of the chemical constituents of plants is desirable because such information will be valuable for the synthesis of complex chemical