Trends of Poisoning Cases in Teaching Hospitals in Indian Population Dr. Abstract: Keywords: Introduction: Poisoning is injury or death due to swallowing, inhaling, touching or injecting various drugs, chemicals, venoms or gases. Many substances — such as drugs and carbon monoxide — are poisonous only in higher concentrations or dosages. And others — such as cleaners — are dangerous only if ingested. Children are particularly sensitive to even small amounts of certain drugs and chemicals . Poisoning is a condition or a process in which an organism becomes chemically harmed (poisoned) by a toxic substance or venom of an animal.[1] Acute poisoning is exposure to a poison on one occasion or during a short period of time. Symptoms develop in …show more content…
For example, the herbicide 2,4-D imitates the action of a plant hormone, which makes its lethal toxicity specific to plants. Indeed, 2,4-D is not a poison, but classified as "harmful" (EU). Many substances regarded as poisons are toxic only indirectly, by toxication. An example is "wood alcohol" or methanol, which is not poisonous itself, but is chemically converted to toxic formaldehyde and formic acid in the liver. Many drug molecules are made toxic in the liver, and the genetic variability of certain liver enzymes makes the toxicity of many compounds differ between individuals. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 99 per cent of the fatal poisoning cases occur in developing countries, predominantly among the farmers due to various kinds of poisoning, including poisonous toxins from natural products during handling [8 ,11 ,12]. Therefore, early diagnosis, treatment and prevention are crucial in reducing the burden of poisoning related injury in any country. Very few studies have been done in North India regarding the epidemiology of poisoning as compared to South India. So, this study has been aimed to determine the various parameters of poisoning.
Attention-getter: Every day in America millions of people are being poisoned, and you could very well be among them.
Ricin assassination was a notorious strategy used in killing people during the Cold War. It is a poisonous substance which contains two elements. The two toxic elements act by killing body cells. When introduced into the human body, the first element enters the body cells. It creates a passage for the second toxic element which affects cells by hindering them from producing proteins. The inhibition of proteins causes the death of cells. Unlike other poisons, ricin reacts very slowly. People die several days after being exposed to the substance. Georgi Markov was one of the rebels in Bulgaria during the Cold War, and he became of victim of ricin poisoning.
At first, the victim will feel a burning or tingling sensation on their lips, tongue, and in their limbs. This is then followed by sweating, headaches, weakness, lethargy, incoordination, tremors, paralysis, cyanosis, aphonia, dysphasia, and seizures. Later the victim will experience severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. As the poison sits in the body, the victim will experience respiratory issues and will have trouble breathing and speaking. They will experience a lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a lower pulse, and heart rate. The victim will most-likely become completely paralyzed but usually remains conscious and lucid for 4 to 6 hours; although, some victims will end up in a
Liver disease resulting from alcohol affects more than two million Americans and is one of the primary causes of illness and death. The liver frees the body of harmful substances, such as alcohol. While the liver breaks down alcohol, it produces toxins that can be even more dangerous than the alcohol consumed (“Beyond Hangovers: Understanding Alcohol's Impact on Your Health” 13). “These by-products damage liver cells, promote inflammation, and weaken the body’s natural defenses. Eventually, these problems can disrupt the body’s metabolism and impair the function of other organs” (“Beyond Hangovers: Understanding Alcohol’s Impact on Your Health” 13).
As stated earlier, forensic toxicology is the examination of toxic substances in human tissues, organs, and body fluids that may have contributed or caused death to an individual (Tilstone, Savage, Clark, 2006). When referring to toxicology, the important terms to focus on are “poisons” and “poisoning”. Poison can be defined as a substance which, when introduced into or applied to the body, is capable of injuring health or destroying life (Robertson, 1929). A simpler definition of poison would be that it is the malicious intent on giving a drug or substance to an individual.
...ortation of plants, fruits, vegetables, and animals. Indiscriminate pesticide use kills the good with the bad. Long term and wide spread pesticide use poisons underground water sources, which, in turn, poison plants, animals, and humans. And, finally, by our uninformed actions, new super races of pests continue to evolve and create even greater dangers than the original.
Investigating Factors Affecting the Heat of Combustion of Alcohols PLANNING SECTION Introduction ------------ Alcohols are organic substances, and consist of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon. All alcohols are toxic but the amount that can be tolerated by the human body varies for different alcohols. For example drinking small amounts of Methanol can lead to blindness and even death.
All things considered, the fear of poisoning became more widespread throughout the Victorian era as the conversation and accusation in the press became more prevalent. Poisoning was understood as a cruel way of murder, coupled with female stigmatization, death by means of poison became central in challenging the Victorian way of life. Without proper regulation, these acts would continue, educing further anxiety as Victorian society did not know how to properly address the seemingly growing cases of poisoning. Due of these reasons as mentioned above, desperate cries for legal attention began to concern itself with poison.
The concept of poison is all around society: poisonous people, poisonous ideas, and poisonous environments; however, the poison in society cannot be avoided, it’s inevitable a finite company would suggest. As Michael Uhl once put it “you’ve got to pick your poison”, and hope for the least of the evils, which unfortunately is not always the case. In Shakespeare 's Hamlet, the motif of poison functions to be the symbol of corruption throughout the play that highlights the theme of death, madness, and the power of language.
This essay has therefore discussed the most popular classes of plant chemical defences, namely terpenes, phenolics, nitrogen-based defences and allelopathy. The effects of these defences on herbivores has also been touched on. Many of these compounds produced by plants have later been extracted by humans for use as insecticides. Compounds such as tannins are also used in the wine industry. These chemicals thus have a very strong economic influence.
Thou has filled my veins with poison! Thou has made me as hateful, as ugly, as loathsome and deadly creature as thyself(Hawthorne PP. 198 ) Beatrice had no idea she was poisonous to everyone, in her innocent mind she had no idea of the terrible thing her own father had done to her—She drinks the cure and falls to he
3. Name 4 literature works in which poison(s) is/are presented. List the poison(s) that are associated in the literature.
Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. Food borne illnesses are diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. “In industrialized countries, the percentage of people suffering from food borne diseases each year has been reported to be up to 30%. In the United States of America, for example, around 76 million cases of food borne diseases, resulting in 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year.” (Geneva 2)
Metabolizing of a poison was an early problem for Norris and Gettler, especially when working with cyanide, one of the many poisons they analyzed. When inhaled,
Chemicals on plants can kill animals too. Farmers put pesticides on their crops incests land on them get infected with the chemical and will die. Bees in the United States are sick right now because of things like that also the smoke we use to get their honey. These pollutions are called chemical pollutions and they are very dangerous to humans and animals