Abramovitz, Melissa. Parkinson's Disease. San Diego, CA: Thomson/Gale, 2005. Print.
Goldmann, David R., and David A. Horowitz. American College of Physicians Home Medical Guide to Parkinson's Disease. New York: Dorling Kindersley Pub., 2000. Print.
Mandal, Ananya. "Parkinson's Disease History." News-Medical.net. N.p., 2013. Web. 08 Oct. 2016.
ParkinsonDotOrg. "National Parkinson Foundation: Believe in Better." National Parkinson Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2016.Biology Research Paper: Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson's Disease is a mysterious disease that affects the central nervous system and can be very difficult to treat and live with. It is classified as a motor system disorder but is a progressive, chronic disease resulting in
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on the account of ancient Indian texts relating to the Ayurveda medical system which identified the disease as Kampavata. Many others have identified Parkinson’s throughout time as either the “shaking palsy” or its Latin form “paralysis agitans” (Abramovitz, 10). People such as Middle Age physician Galen in 175 AD and widely known Leonardo Da Vinci all picked up on the presence of Parkinson’s Disease before it’s official description was written in 1817 in …show more content…
Unfortunately, no treatment has been able to fully cure the disease. Treatment began primitively, consisting of things such as “bloodletting from the neck” which was followed by induced inflammation and blistering to the skin. Today, the most common and effective way of treating Parkinson’s temporarily is through attempting to balance dopamine and acetylcholine levels within the brain by prescribing patients with what is known on the market commonly as Levodopa. It is essentially a dopamine supplement of which’s dosage must be individualized for each different patient since the symptoms vary from person to person (Goldmann, 44). This treatment will eventually become less and less effective as the progression of the disease continues. All that patients and neurologists seem to be able to do is attempt to manage the symptoms it
Parkinson’s disease is not a condition that is necessarily easy to be diagnosed. Therefore, the individual is advised to see a Parkinson’s specialist to receive the most accurate diagnosis and consider what the best course of treatment for the individual would be.
Web. The Web. The Web. 02 Oct. 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2259136/>. Vision:
"About Parkinson's Disease." Research Is The Key to A Cure. The Michael Stern Research Foundation, n.d. Web. 10 Jan 2014. .
Varanese, S., Birnbaum, Z., Rossi, R., & Di Rocco, A. (2010). Treatment of Advanced Parkinson's Disease. Parkinson's Disease.
With more than 200,000 US cases per year, Parkinson’s disease has become a major part
Magennis, B. & Corry, M. (2013). Parkinson’s disease: Making the diagnosis and monitoring progression. British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 9(4), 167-171. Retrieved from 20 November 2013, http://ehis.ebscohost.com.libproxy.nyp.edu.sg/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=7ff72265-6870-4b18-adff-ce7460be5bc2%40sessionmgr10&vid=4&hid=2
Parkinson disease (PD), also referred to as Parkinson’s disease and paralysis agitans, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the third most common neurologic disorder of older adults. It is a debilitating disease affecting motor ability and is characterized by four cardinal symptoms: tremor rigidity, bradykinesia or kinesis (slow movement/no movement), and postural instability. Most people have primary, or idiopathic, disease. A few patients have secondary parkinsonian symptoms from conditions such as brain tumors and certain anti-psychotic drugs.
Parkinson's is an idiopathic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that attacks neurotransmitters in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is concentrated in a specific area of the brain called the substantia nigra. The neurotransmitter dopamine is a chemical that regulates muscle movement and emotion. Dopamine is responsible for relaying messages between the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain to control body movement. The death of these neurotransmitters affects the central nervous system. The most common symptoms are movement related, including shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with posture. Behavioral problems may arise as the disease progresses. Due to the loss of dopamine, Parkinson's patients will often experience depression and some compulsive behavior. In advanced stages of the disease dementia will sometimes occur. The implications of the disease on the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory and phonatory systems significantly control speech.
Pubmed Health. 2010 - November 17th, 2010. Retrieved January 9, 2012, from Pubmed Health. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002390/. Rumford, S. (2001).
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by resting tremor, slowed movements, rigidity and postural instability (Casey G, 2013). It is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s (Martin and Mills, 2012). There is a great variability in reported incidence rates, probably due to difference in diagnostic criteria and case ascertainment, with reported rates in Australia and in Western countries ranging from 8.6 to 19.0 per 100,000 population (J Macphee and D Stewart, 2012). The two main brain structures affected by Parkinson’s are the substantia nigra pars compacta, which is located in the midbrain and other parts of the basal ganglia, w...
Thomas, C. G. (2013, November 25). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Gene-silencing study finds new targets for Parkinson's disease, pp. 1-2. Retrieved December 13, 2013, from http://www.nih.gov/news/health/nov2013/ninds-24.htm
Langston, J. W. "Current Theories on the Cause of Parkinson’s Disease. " Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1989, suppl. ,pp. 13-i7.
James Parkinson first discovered Parkinson's Disease in 1817. Parkinson's Disease is a common neurologic disorder for the elderly. It is a disorder of the brain characterized by shaking and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination. This disease is associated with damage to a part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Parkinson's Disease is a chronic illness that is still being extensively studied.
"Parkinsonism: Causes and Coping Strategies." Parkinsonism: What Causes It? N.p., n.d. Web. 11 May 2014.
Web. The Web. The Web. 04 Dec. 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21663987