The Papanicolaou Test The Papanicolaou test in medical terms can also be known as or be called as the Pap smear, pap test, or smear test. It is a microscopic examination of cell .The purpose of this test is to perceive occurring of precancerous or existing cancerous cells in the opening uterus of the cervix. It also discerns asymmetry in the cells of the cervix (the bottom, narrow end of the uterus.)[1] [2]Dr George Nicholas Papanicolaou was the inventor of this test and therefor the name is taken after him. Back in 1928 Dr Papanicolaou introduced his new discovery in the papers, New Cancer Diagnosis. During his discovery, uterine cancer was being identified by mode of vaginal smears. [3]The Vaginal smears can be also known as the wet mount or wet prep. A vaginal wet mount is a procedure test intended to learn the genesis of vaginitis or …show more content…
The procedure of the test is simple hence patients will then be asked to remove their clothes and wrap and cover with a paper cloth around the waist before the Pap test. Patients will then be asked to lie back on the examine table with their legs spread open .Knees have to be bent and feet sitting on rest position. The clinician or gynecologist will insert the lubricated instrument called speculum into the patient’s vagina in a way that will hold open to see the cervix clearly. The clinician will examine to see if there is any visible problem and will gently scrape the surface of the cervix with the help of wooden scraper or spatula to obtain the sample of the cells. The liquid sample will then be smeared on a glass slides and will be brought to a laboratory to analyze where microscope slides will be ready for the test. The clinicians will have to repeat the test if the result is abnormal .Cells abnormalities are divided as follows ASC atypical squamous cells ,AGC,AIS,LSIL.
The Pap smear had the potential to decrease that death rate by 70 percent or more, but there were two things standing in its way: first, many women- like Henrietta-simply didn’t get the test; and, second, even when they did, few doctors knew how to interpret the results accurately, because they didn’t know what the various stages of cervical cancer looked like under a microscope.
In comparison to other slaves that are discussed over time, Olaudah Equiano truly does lead an ‘interesting’ life. While his time as a slave was very poor there are certainly other slaves that he mentions that received far more damaging treatment than he did. In turn this inspires him to fight for the abolishment of slavery. By pointing out both negative and positive events that occurred, the treatment he received from all of his masters, the impact that religion had on his life and how abolishing slavery could benefit the future of everyone as a whole; Equiano develops a compelling argument that does help aid the battle against slavery. For Olaudah Equiano’s life journey expressed an array of cruelties that came with living the life of an
"Women's Health." Pap Test Procedure, Test Results, What Abnormal Results Mean, and More. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. .
PCP is a recreational drug with hallucinogenic and dissociative properties. The drug was first produced as a potential agent for anesthesia but was later recognized as a dangerous substance of abuse that can significantly alter mental status. It is classified as a schedule ll controlled substance. PCP is currently illegal worldwide, including the United States. An article named, “PCP”, elaborates on the effects PCP has on your mental state:
Moreover, I will let the patient become familiar with any instruments such as a speculum, and demonstrate the tools that will be used to obtain tissue samples that would be used during the examination. Explaining the procedure is also a significant step; this will allow the patient have a sense of control during the examination as we ask and answer questions about their current state, that would help disseminate any concern they may have. Meanwhile, they can learn about what may happen, related to any body sensations or feelings they can experience during the procedure, all while the provider continues to develop rapport and patient’s trust
PGD has proven effective in patients who are of advanced age, have had recurrent miscarriages or repeated IVF failure and are either carriers of chromosomal diseases or have genetic history of such. PGD is used with an IVF to identify chromosomal mutations and genetic defects in embryos, where a cell from IVF is removed for genetic testing before implanting it into the uterus. This can either be performed as polar body biopsy,
Research My first research experience took place from the Fall 2012 – Summer 2013 in a neurobiology laboratory (Dr. Daniel Plas) focused on Parkinson’s Disease. In this project an undergrad student and I were tasked with optimizing a cellular medium for neural growth of the model organism Lymnaea stagnalis. This was comprised of following established protocols and altering certain variables within the formulas (differing concentrations of ions, pH, et al.) to observe growth pattern differences in vitro.
While the validity of his narrative is to this day widely debated, The interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano provides “insight into the dynamics of slavery, the slave trade, and the abolition movement” Traveling back into the 17th century the reader gets a firsthand experience of a life of a young slave who has opened the worlds eye’ and provides reasonable supportive arguments into the abolition of slavery in the aspects of human acceptance and morality, commerce economy, and the freedom of religion which all he has shared with his white owner counterparts.
Proctoring means monitoring the integrity of a process, in UoPeople case it refers to exams. A likely reason for which the UoPeople requires proctored exams is to guarantee that all students that take a (proctored) exam are keeping the exams terms and thus are measured equally in reference to the given exam.
Word count in exception of references 585 words. Explain what “proctoring” means and why the UoPeople requires proctored exams. A proctor is a person that will supervise you while taking an exam. ( Oregon State University 2015) The main work of a proctor is to invigilate a student during their examination precisely.
Spielman, B. (1995). [Review of Women and prenatal testing]. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 23, 199-201.
1. Explain what “proctoring” means and why the UoPeople requires proctored exams. Proctoring is an event whereby a student is being supervised in an exam, the invigilator must be a person that is approved by an institute. The exam could be in a class, hall or through the internet (webcam). Student at the University of the people must take some courses under the supervision of a proctor The Uopeople requires a proctored exam to protect the integrity of the university and to avoid examination malpractice by the student in the exam.
second, prenatal testing, is a testing of a fetus at risk for the disease. The
Cystoscopy. Use to remove a small sample of tissue (biopsy) for analysis in the lab. This test most likely won’t be needed if this is the first time patient had signs or symptoms of cystitis.
Diagnostic testing is a huge category in health care that has been majorly affected by new technology, in both good and bad ways. There are several different types of testing, prenatal and genetic being a couple that have had drastic changes in technology. Thanks to new cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing, doctors have an improved understanding of the efficiency and restrictions concerning prenatal diagnoses (Lockwood). With enhanced testing, doctors can now detect