DEFINITIONS
Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the urinary bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it’s called a urinary tract infection. A bladder infection can be painful and annoying, and it can become a serious health problem if the infection spreads to your kidney.
Cystitis is a common female problem. Its is estimated that 50% of adult women experience at least one episode of dysuria; half of these people have a bacterial UTI.
SYMPTOMS
Cystitis signs and symptoms often include:
A strong, persistent urge to urinate.
A burning sensation when urinating.
Passing frequent, small amounts of urine.
Blood in the urine.
Passing cloudy or strong-smell urine.
Discomfort in the pelvic area.
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All play a role in removing waste from your body. Your kidneys filter waste from your blood and regulate the concentrations of many substances. Tubes called ureters carry urine from your kidneys to the bladder, where it’s store until it exits your body through the urethra. CAUSES (CONTINUED)
Bacterial bladder infections may occur in women as a result of sexual intercourse. But even sexually inactive girls and women are susceptible to lower urinary tracts infections because the female genital area often harbors bacteria that can cause cystitis.
Main types of infections:
Community-acquired bladder infections. These infections occur when people who aren’t in a medical care facility develop a bladder infection.
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Hospital-acquired bladder infections. These infections, occur in people in a medical care facility, such as a hospital or nursing home. Most often they happen in those who have had a urinary catheter placed through the urethra and into the bladder to collect urine, a common practice before surgical procedures, for some diagnostic test, or as a means of urinary drainage for older adults or people confined to bed.
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Noninfectious
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Which drugs are used and for how depend on your overall health and the bacteria find in the urine.
Cystitis cause by bacterial infection is generally treated with antibiotics. Treatment for noninfectious cystitis depends on the underlying cause.
First-time infection. Symptoms often improve significantly within a day or so of antibiotic treatment. However, you’ll likely need to take antibiotics for three days to a week, depending on the severity of the infections.
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
When cystitis is suspected, the doctor first examines the person abdomen and lower back, to evaluate unusual enlargements of the kidneys or swelling of the bladder. Tests doctor may order:
Urine analysis. It’s to determine whether bacteria, blood or pus is in the urine.
Cystoscopy. Use to remove a small sample of tissue (biopsy) for analysis in the lab. This test most likely won’t be needed if this is the first time patient had signs or symptoms of cystitis.
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Imaging tests. Imaging tests usually aren’t necessary, but in some instances, especially when no evidence of infection is found, They may be helpful. For example, an X-ray or ultrasound may help out other potential causes inflammation, such as a tumor or structure
Symptoms for urethritis are mild including frequency of urination and pyuria (presence of white blob cells in the urine). Cystitis (bladder infection) symptoms are easier to distinguish and include back pain, concentrated appearance, urgency, hematuria (presence of red blood cells in the urine), a...
Urolithiasis is the process of forming stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urinary tract.1 1,200 to 1,400 per 100,000 people will develop a urinary stone each year. Urinary stones are formed when there is a decrease in urine volume or an excess of stone forming substances are present. The use of diagnostic imaging plays a vital role in the diagnostic and treatment processes of a stone in the urinary track. This paper will discuss the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Urolithiasis.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract. The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. Urinary tract infections can have different names, depending on what part of the urinary tract is infected. The infection can include the bladder, kidneys, ureters, or the urethra. If the infection is in the bladder it is called “cystitis” or a bladder infection. If the infection is in the kidneys is it called “pyelonephritis” or a kidney infection? If the infection is in the urethra it is called “urethritis”. Most urinary tract infections are bladder infections. Infections in the ureters are very rare. Everyone is at risk of getting a UTI allowing bacteria to grow in the urine that stays
What is a UTI? It is an infection caused in your urinary system including your bladder, kidneys, or urethra. UTIs are most common in females rather than males, and if not treated will cause serious consequences. A urinary tract infection can be caused
Cystocele is a disease that causes the bladder to drop into the vagina. It occurs when both the woman’s bladder and the vagina lose their strength, and the bladder cannot stay in its proper place. The disease not only causes discomfort or pain. Due to the bladder is not on its correct position; it causes undesirable urine escape and incomplete emptying of the bladder. For women who suffer Cystocele, coughing, sneezing or laughing becomes a problem due to the urine leakage. The more common causes of Cystocele are giving birth, heavy lifting or going through menopause. There are three different levels of damage caused by the weakening of the wall between the bladder and the vagina (Cleveland Clinic 2007).
When doctors perform a cystoscopy – a procedure that involves inserting a thin scope inside the bladder – on certain interstitial cystitis patients they can see evidence of the disease: mucosal hemorrhaging or Hunner’s ulcers that bleed when the bladder is filled beyond capacity. People with IC have small capacity bladders that hold less than 300 ml, or approximately 1 cup.
ANTIBIOTICS :- Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacteria. Antibiotics can save lives, if used properly. Antibiotics either kill bacteria or keep them from multiplying. Antibiotics do not fight virus infections. For example: Cold Flu ANTIBIOTICS: Most coughs Sore throats (Exception: strep throats).
Hospital acquired infections are spread by numerous routes including contact, intravenous routes, air, water, oral routes, and through surgery. The most common types of infections in hospitals include urinary tract infections (32%), surgical site infections (22%), pneumonia (15%), and bloodstream infections (14%). ( book). The most common microorganisms associated with the types of infections are Esherichila coli, Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus auerus, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.(secondary) Urinary tract infections occur when one or more of microorganisms enter the urinary system and affect the bladder and/or the kidneys. These infections are often associated improper catheterization technique. Surgical site infections occur after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. These infections may involve the top of the skin, the tissue under the skin, organs, or blood vessels. Surgical site infections sometimes take days or months after surgery to develop. The infections can be cause by improper hand washing, dressing change technique, or improper surgery procedure. Pneumonia can also become a hospital acquired infection. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a type of lung in...
The effects of this inflammation is due to germs that enters in through the urethra from the skin surrounding the opening of the urethra. Some bacteria that might be causing this could be; E. coli and other bacteria found in stool. As well as Gonococcus, Chlamydia and herpes that are transferred sexually can all cause urethritis. If caused by a sexually transmitted bacteria, then the person effected by it can have a high risk of having HIV if not treated immediately.
Urinary Tract Infection, also known as UTI, occurs in two common locations, the bladder and kidneys. The kidneys are important organs that aid in filtering out waste products from blood and maintaining water distribution throughout the body. The waste products are filtered out via bladder, which is the reason of the bladder being the second site for the infection. A normal human being has two kidneys, one on left and right side, a bean shaped organ, and is located at the back of the abdomen. “Each kidney is about 11.5 cm long, 5-7.5 cm broad, 5 cm thick, and weight about 150 grams” (HealthInfoNet, Paragraph 2). Furthermore, a bacterium named Escherichia coli lives in both the kidneys and the GI tract. E. coli is part of the human body and produces
A urinary tract infection is a very common infection that can happen to anybody. A urinary tract infection usually occurs when bacteria enters the urethra and multiples in the urinary system. The Urinary tract includes the kidneys, the thin tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters), and the main tube that carries the urine from the bladder (urethra). Women, men, and children are all immune to this infection. Women have the highest chances of getting it. In the Urinary tract, the main links of the ureters help get rid of any bacteria that tries to enter the urine, and the bladder helps prevent urine from backing up into the kidneys.
Most cases of urethritis can be contributed to either a bacterial infection or a viral infection. The same bacteria that can cause bladder and kidney infections can also infect the lining of the urethra. The average episode of urethritis is caused by a bacterial infection. The bacteria found
If you are pregnant to avoid the development of complications. The most bothersome symptom of a bacterial infection is, vaginal discharge and the presence of a pungent odor after sex. Women may also notice the presence of these symptoms while urinating or while performing personal hygiene routines. Antibiotics are the recommend treatment for bacterial vaginosis. A few antibiotic remedies are used and include, metronidazole taking oral or vaginally and imidazole an antibiotic that has shown to be successful in treating bacterial vaginosis, and may have less side effects than metronidazole. The reappearance of bacterial vaginosis is possible, even after successful treatment. More than half of those treated experience a repeat in symptoms within 12 months. It is unclear why so many recurrences of the infection develop. With a present of symptoms, a second course of antibiotic is generally prescribed. Bacterial vaginosis should be treated with antibiotics. There have been no effective home remedies, shown that can treat this condition. However, the use of hydrogen peroxide and probiotic has been attempted in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, but the results have been contradictory and do not show a clear
When the kidneys are not working efficiently excess waste products can amass and cause damage to the kidneys if this occurs for a prolonged period then this is classed as chronic kidney disease various issues can lead to this such as diabetes elevated blood pressure immune and viral illnesses such as lupus and HIV various drugs which are toxic can build up over time build up and can also permanently cause harm to the functioning of the kidney
Glomerulonephritis is an overactive immune system that attacks the kidney causing inflammation and damage. Blood and protein in the urine are common problems that occur with this it can also kidney failure. Kidney stones are caused when minerals in the urine form crystals (stone) which may grow large enough to block urine flow. It’s considered one of the most painful conditions. Most kidney stones pass on their own, but some are too large and need to be treated. Diabetic nephropathy this condition progressively damages the kidneys, eventually causing chronic kidney disease. Protein in the urine may also result. Chronic renal failure is a permanent partial loss of kidney functions. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the causes of this disease. Many people like to think that if you eat right and don’t introduce certain food or liquids into the body that this will help keep the