P vs. NP: The Controversy
Today’s businesses and organizations need privacy. They need to keep their employee’s information, trade secrets, financial records, and many other sensitive documents that cannot be shown to the public. To do this, these organizations use encryption. Encryption is using an irreversible program to turn a file into gibberish. To translate the gibberish back to the original contents of the file, you must use a decryption program and provide a password. This is so the program can decrypt the file correctly. This encryption is what prevents cybercriminals who happen to get a hold of any files from looking at file contents. To the cybercriminal, encrypted files are completely useless unless he can figure out how it was encrypted. In order to decrypt the file, the cybercriminal must first find a series of steps that can decrypt the file over and over again: an algorithm.
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On top of that, there is an infinite number of files that could be encrypted. It only takes one file to not work correctly with the decryption program to prove that it doesn’t work. This makes it extremely difficult for this cybercriminal to decrypt the stolen files. Decrypting encrypted files is what’s classified as a “Non-Deterministic Polynomial Time” (NP) problem. This is because it can be easily checked (just run the program against an encrypted file that you already have a decrypted version of), but cannot be consistently solved in a reasonable amount of time
A sacrifice is a strong action in which one is willing to put a priority before oneself. “Proofs” is an essay written by Richard Rodriguez about a Mexican adolescent teen who narrates the harsh reality of his family members going through immigration. The essay focuses on the differences between the American lifestyle versus immigrant lifestyle. “The Apology: Letters from a Terrorist” is an essay written by Laura Blumenfeld. It’s about how her father was shot by a terrorist. Thirteen years later, she decided to visit the gunman’s country to get an apology to her father, to find out how he feels about the situation, and what happened in his perspective. In both pieces of writing, family is a strong theme that is shown in multiple ways.
The purpose of English 111 is to help students create a foundation of writing skills so that they may better succeed at UW through their understanding of writing and how they can improve their writing skills. In order to achieve this goal students are expected to write essays throughout the course that will help them become more proficient in the four Course Goals set up to guide students in their learning process. The first course goal is that students be able to recognize strategies employed by writers in different forms of literary works. Students practice this skill through the reading and discussion of many different forms of literature in order to learn how writing strategies are used throughout these texts. The second course goal is
Consequence argument means taking a radical claim between compatibilism and determinism. Compatibilism is the free will to do whatever one wishes to do because it is in their own nature. In the free will debate of “Consequence Argument,” Peter van Inwagen, the author of An Essay on Free Will, takes on a compatibilist view by arguing that determinism is not true because one cannot be held responsible for their own actions. Determinism is the belief that human actions or free will have either a positive or an effect in the future. John Martin Fischer, professor of philosophy at the University of California, takes on a determinist view by arguing that compatibilism is never true because one must be held responsible for their own actions. Between both views on compatibilism and determinism, I will explain how the Consequence Argument can be challenged.
What is encryption? Encryption is a technological technique that protects and secures the transfer of plain text information between two sources through the use of the internet. This is done by rearranging the text using a mathematical algorithm that renovates the message into an indecipherable form, which can only be unlocked and translated with a use of a key. The strength of the encryption key is measured by its length, which is determined by the number of bits and by the type of encryption program.
Relations between North and South Korea have seen a spectrum of phases. From a once unified kingdom, to being under colonial rule, to the division created after WWII, the Koreas have endured all different types of stresses that have resulted in two very different and often hostile nations toeing the line of war. In this literature review, we will see that scholars have argued about various situations and factors that could result in an unknown future, including one that could potentially lead to nuclear attacks in regards of effectiveness of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT). We will look at the scholarship regarding the history that has shaped the Asian region, particularly the Korean peninsula, and what is happening now and why. Also, we are going to evaluate whether the NPT is effective or not and what that means for security implications in the Asian region and the world.
Currently, there are too many variations with respect to the rules governing NPs' scope of practice. So, as well as you, I would love to see all 50 states have the same scope of practice and regulations for NPs. Unfortunately, there are too many barriers that won’t allow for this to happen any time soon. However, progressively more incentives are created for states with restrictive laws to revise the scope of practice regulations in order to allow for greater use of nurse practitioners. According to LeBuhn (2010), some policy makers have already begun to “ see the scope of practice as a tool to promote the goals of healthcare reform: improved access, quality care and lowered costs. ”
Primary, I believe as individuals, we can become very set in our behaviors. Accepting the reality of change and unpredictability’s can be very intimidating in the work environment. I often hear my co-worker state “This is the way we’ve always done things”. I have accepted complex systems are changing the health care industry and we must learn to work differently. To alter negative perceptions of work flow changes it requires an open mind and learning to adapt to constant change.
Why do people pirate software? The obvious answer is: people want to use the software, but not pay for it. However, when we change the question slightly, to: “Why do people steal source code?” A variety of interesting answers can pop up. Possibly, the thief wants to modify the code, make copies of it, and proceed to sell it as his own creation -- for a profit. Or, perhaps the perpetrator is a raging open source advocate and he simply wants to examine the stolen code to improve his programming skills. As harmless as the latter may sound, it is still a clearly defined crime in virtually every hi-tech country in the world.1
Historically, Ireland has suffered from problems of famine and overpopulation during the eighteenth century due to British parliament obtaining the right to legislate Ireland. The British parliament’s right to legislate in turn created and made way for a great deal of poverty for those who lived in Ireland. During this time in the eighteenth century, many individuals would have believed that overpopulation and poverty, or people and the economy, were one in the same; that it was only natural for people to become part of the economy. In modern society, however, the traditional mode of thought is that individuals and the economy are to be separated. Jonathan Swift, however, proses a contrary and satirical solution to these problems. Jonathan Swift, an Anglo-Irish satirist, writes a juvenalian satire that provides a British approach by proposing to solve the fate of the poverty-stricken Irelands by selling poor children as food for the wealthy in his essay, “A Modest Proposal.” Swift’s essay is a manifestation of the idea that Irish citizens were denied their natural human rights by England by dehumanizing them and viewing them as a simple form of commodity. He focuses on how England policy exhausts Ireland’s resources and exploits the individuals living there. Through Swift’s proposal, he complicates the notion of political and economic issues of the time by introducing our modern idea about human rights through making the absurdity of his proposal literal so that we feel repulsed by it. At the core, he is suggesting that the English and the wealthy landowners of Ireland are causing the poverty and misery of the population.
However, the weird part about this scam is that the victims can't use their own credit or debit cards to make the payments – instead, they must purchase an anonymous debit card service (e.g. MoneyPak, Bitcoin) that supports anonymous identities of the perpetrators. Regretfully, most victims often go through the financial transaction, but in the end with their machines still locked, while the perpetrators walking away with the money. In addition, due to the extremely large key sizes the ransomware use, the machines that are affected are considered to be extremely difficult to repair.
Data Encryption is from the cryptography science, which includes coding and decoding of message to protect the safety. Development computer technology makes the encryption even more complicated. The ability for people to break codes is increasing, so are the ability to guard the codes. Many encryptions are available now. They were developed by some hi-tech company and sold, or you can choose some free service. Actually, when you are using the web browsers, emails, or even the basic system, your information has been automatically encrypted.
On 5 October 2009, computer equipment from a network data closet was stolen from BCBST. The items stolen were 57 unencrypted hard drives which contained over 300,000 video recording and over one million audio recordings. According to Whitman & Mattord (2010), confidentiality, integrity, and availability makes up the C.I.A triangle which is the basis of Committee on National Security model for information security, an industrial standard, (Whitman & Mattord, 2010). Confidentiality can be a synonym for encryption but also means only the people with the correct permission can access the information. One of the major security issue is the hard drives were not encrypted. The hard drives should be encrypted to prevent people from reading the information the computer. Software can be purchased which will encrypt files on hard drive with such as Folder Lock, SensiGuard, Secure IT, and more. There are open source encrypting software which are free for use which could have been used. If the hard drives were not needed, the data should hav...
Encryption converts a message in such as way that its contents are hidden from unauthorized readers. It is intended to keep messages and information as a secret. Plaintext, also known as clear text, is the plain or original message, which is has not yet been encrypted. Once the message is encrypted it is then called a cipher text. This process is obviously referred as encryption. The exact opposite process is called decryption. Encryption is the most successful way to attain data security. To read an encrypted file, you must have access to a secret key or password that enables you to decrypt it. Data encryption is a means of scrambling the data so that is can only be read by the person holding the key, a password of some sort. Without the key, the cipher cannot be broken and the data remains secure. Using the key, the cipher is decrypted and the data is returned to its original value or state. Each time one desires to encrypt data, a key from the 72,000,000,000,000,000 possible key variations, is randomly produced, and used to encrypt the data. The same key must be made known to the receiver if they ar...
The length of the key for the encryption can vary from being very short to extremely long, and the length of the message being encrypted. The protection of data being transferred between ATMs and the bank, and the use of cell phones, is the most common everyday encounter with encryption. To encrypt and decrypt information, a cipher is used. In a cipher, there is a set of well-defined steps that can be followed to encrypt and decrypt messages.
Just as traditional criminal activities, cybercrime can take many forms and occur virtually anytime and anywhere. Criminals committing cybercrime use very different methods, depending on their abilities and goals. This should not surprise anyone after all cybercrime is merely an activity "criminal" to the ingredient that adds a computer or an electronic network for its commission.