Studies have found that each additional patient assigned to a nurse, the patient has seven percent increase in the likelihood of dying within thirty days of admission, and a seven percent increase of failure to rescue (Nurses to patient ratios, n.d.). Research has found after the implementation of minimum nurse-patient ratio found less nurse burnout, higher job satisfaction, and better ability to care for patients (Impact of Mandatory Nursing Staffing levels on Patient Outcomes, n.d.). State laws and the scope of nursing practice should be considered with staffing (Mensik, 2014).
Nurses across the globe are saving multiple lives daily. They work hard to take care of various patients with an array of different health problems. They are accountable for not only caring for the patient’s health but also being empathetic and friendly with all visitors. Exactly how many patients is a nurse responsible for keeping safe, comfortable, and alive? It is difficult to say because the nurse to patient ratio policies varies immensely across state borders.
The prolonged shortage of skilled nursing personnel has been a serious concern to the healthcare industry, and this shortage has impacted the quality of care delivery. In addition, nursing turnover has also exacerbated the problem of nursing shortage. Nursing shortage has been blamed on many nurses retiring and less younger nurses joining the occupation. There is also an increase in life expectancy (baby boomers) leading an increase in both physical and mental ailment with subsequent demand in nursing care. Nurses are also leaving nursing profession because of inadequate staffing, tense work environment, negative press about the profession, and inflexible work schedules. Even though nursing is a promising career and offers job security, the
Gordon, S., Buchanan, J., & Bretherton, T. (2008). Safety in Numbers: Nurse-to-Patient Ratios and the Future of Health Care (pp. 1-2). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Nurse Staffing Levels: The Effects on Patient Outcomes
Nurse staffing is a complex issue. There are many factors which need to be considered when staffing a nursing unit. Evidence shows an association between Registered Nurses (RNs) having decreased workloads and better patient outcomes, including a decrease in patient mortality (Aiken et al., 2011; Needleman et al, 2011; How Lin, 2013; Patrician et al., 2011; Wiltse-Nicely, Sloane, Aiken, 2013). A small percentage of patients expire during their hospitalization as evidence suggests that a portion of these deaths can be attributed to RN staffing levels (Shekelle, 2013).
Safe nurse-patient ratio is a complex issue debated on for many years. Due to inadequate staffing registered Nurses are faced with high patient ratios, and nurse burn out everyday. According to the American Nurses Association, “Massive Reductions in nursing budgets combined with, the challenges presented by a growing nursing shortage have resulted in fewer nurses working longer hours for sicker patients. This situation compromises care and contributes to the nursing shortage by creating an environment that drives nurses from the bedside”. (2012) Through the nursing process, the essential role of the Registered Nurse is to assess, diagnose, and plan based on outcomes, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care. However, it is not realistic to thoroughly implement these core guidelines in a safe and effective way, when you are
Nursing Shortage in the U.S.
West (2012) stated that currently, nurse staffing is defined in many ways- as the “presence” of staff, as total nursing care hours per patient per day, or as nurses’ expertise level or educational level (p. 24). These three factors strongly impact the way a patient is cared for. Without enough nurses there are not enough to go around to each patient and spend enough time caring for them. Hospital nurse are often forced to work short staffed, providing care in environments that place patients and even nurses themselves at risk (West, 2012, p. 24). Nurses with a lower education sometimes cannot provide the best care to patients due to the fact that they are not at that skill level.
Many nurses face the issue of understaffing and having too much of a workload during one shift. When a unit is understaffed not only do the nurses get burnt out, but the patients also don’t receive the care they deserve. The nurse-patient ratio is an aspect that gets overlooked in many facilities that could lead to possible devastating errors. Nurse- patient ratio issues have been a widely studied topic and recently new changes have been made to improve the problem.
Safe staffing ratio is important while the nurse is responsible for offering the best standard of attention to patient care. Ethically, “the nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse's obligation to provide optimum patient care,” (VCU, 2001). Institutions in many countries face the same staffing dilemma. The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) in the United Kingdom reflects on safe staffing ratio: the safe staffing recommendations of wards for older people are currently, one Registered Nurse (RN) to nine patients. Meanwhile, the basic safe care recommendation is one RN to seven patients (Nursing Older People, 2012). Similarly, United States Congress determined in their own study that staffing ratios were related to negative patient outcomes, “higher staffing levels by experienced Registered nurses are related to lower rates of negative patient outcomes” (Congress, 2013).
Hospital administrators will charge nurse leaders with ensuring that patient positive outcomes prevail while also controlling overhead. Nurse leaders are specially trained just for this task. Clinical Nurse Leaders are the experts that America’s patients will rely on to keep them safe and healthy in hospital settings.