Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Social learning theory background
Social learning theory background
Social learning theory background
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
In the film, Enough directed by Michael Apted the life of Slim is portrayed, as a working- class waitress who works at a diner. After a costumer tries to charm her with his looks and flattering complements trying to convince her to go out with him. He is confronted by another man named Mitch who alerts Slim to stay away, that the man was only trying to win a bet. Soon after Mitch’s heroic act, they get married and have a child. Slim believes she has the perfect life, the perfect family, the perfect home but most importantly she has the perfect husband. One day Slim discovers her “dream man” is having an affair with a woman. When Slim confronts him he becomes aggressive stating, “I am, and always will be, a person who gets what he wants” (Apted, …show more content…
In the book, Hurting the One you Love by Irene Frieze explains, that there are many forms of nonviolent or indirect aggression. Nonviolent aggression include verbal hostility or taking property versus indirect include withdrawal or other forms of interactions which having a hostile intent. (Frieze, 2004, p. 4) In many instances aggression leads or might lead to violence. According to Dr. Shane Gomes a professor, violence is the exercise or an instance of physical force; harms usually effecting or intended to result in injuries or destruction. There are two types of violence physical and verbal; physical the actual act of physical force such as to hit, struck or attack someone. Versus verbal violence is the use of condescending language to belittle someone whether it is by insulting, yelling, or humiliating someone (Gomes, …show more content…
One psychological theory that involves the “internal” cause for human behavior is the Social Learning Theory. In 1977 a theorist Albert Bandura, “stated that behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning” (McLeod, 2011). In other words, learning is based upon observation and modeling. Bandura believed that humans are selective about what they pay attention to and create a relationship between their behavior and the consequences. Observational learning can only come from the modeling process which consists of four steps attention, retention, production and motivation. First, attention, in order to learn something the person must pay attention to a certain situation or observe. Second, retention, memory plays an important role in this step because in order to fully understand something a person must be able to retrieve information they have learned. Third, production is when the person repeats or mimics the behavior shown by their model. Fourth, motivation, in order for a person to successfully learn through observation they must have the desire to learn it. (Fryling, M.,
The Behavioral Model and behavioral theorists believe that our actions are determined by our experiences in life. The focus of this model is on the subject’s behaviors in response to their environment. These behaviors can either be external or internal. Learned behaviors can help some people cope and lead to productive activities in life. Learned behaviors can also be abnormal and lead to abnormal functioning (Comer, 2005-2011).
The behaviorist theory is a theory of psychology that emerged in the early twentieth century that was a response to a number of predictions regarding observable behaviors. A majority of the theory concerned itself on the behavior of animals and humans, on the physical, observable behavior, not the unobservable events. Psychologists believe that us as learners start off with a clean slate and our behavior is shaped by the environment we are brought and raised in, therefore, our behavior is formed by positive and negative factors we create while growing in our environment. Our observable behavior is linked to our thinking and our emotions we give off. Psychologists have studied that there is little difference recorded from the thoughts and emotions that take place in a humans mind and from an animals. An individual has no free will and their environment determines the type of the behavior they have. Everyone’s environment they live in is teaching the behavior individuals have. Internally, our behaviors are a result of stimuli. The stimulus causes the reaction and what reaction that wil...
Verbal abuse is described as a negative defining statement told to the victim or about the victim, or by withholding any response, thereby defining the target as non-existent.
Attribution theory correlates with how people exemplify events and how it affects their behavior and thinking. People making casual explanations is known as attribution theory. It was established over time from different social psychologists, especially Fritz Heider who played a major role in producing the theory in 1958. Heider wrote about attribution theory in his book called The Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships. External attribution is when behavior is altered by influences outside of your control. Internal attribution is caused from an inside factor that falls within your control. Your behavior is not influenced and you feel responsible.
There are many different types of domestic violence. Physical abuse is the most obvious form, but this is not to say that outsiders always recognize it. Generally, physical violence causes bodily harm, using a variety of methods. Slapping, pushing, throwing, hitting, punching, and strangling are only a few methods. An object or weapon may or may not be used. There is not always physical evidence of physical abuse such as bruising, bleeding, scratches, bumps, etc., therefore, absence of physical marks does not necessarily mean physical abuse had not occurred. Physical abuse sometimes escalates to murder (Morris and Biehl 7, Haley 14-17).
Enough is a movie by Michael Apted produced in 2002. It stars Jennifer Lopez who acts as Slim, an abused wife who retaliates following her frustrations. The movie begins in Los Angeles where a waitress called Slim serves dinner to Robbie, who in turn makes some romantic advances to her. Another man, Mitch Hiller comes in and tells Slim that Robbie had made a promise to convince her to sleep with him. Slim then finds herself loving Mitch and later marries him, and the two have a child who they name Gracie.
The intentional use of physical force with the potential for causing death, disability, injury, or harm. Physical violence includes, but is not limited to, scratching; pushing; shoving; throwing; grabbing; biting; choking; shaking; aggressive hair pulling; slapping; punching; hitting; burning; use of a weapon; and use of restraints or one 's body, size, or strength against another person.
“Relational aggression is defined as behaviors that harm others by damaging (or threatening to damage) or manipulating one’s relationship with his/her peers, or by injuring one’s feelings of social acceptance.” (Ophelia Project, “Issues” par 3). This type of aggression is mainly directed toward the emotions rather than physical behavior. Some examples of relational aggression include:
of the mind from the learning process by behavioral laws was a primary theoretical cause
Observational learning says that learning can happen by watching then imitating other people’s behaviors. This theory was developed by Albert Bandura, he and a few colleagues came up with this theory after working several experiments including the famous “Bobo doll” experiment. Observational learning is what we do every day in our daily life’s we watch and then imitate, for example when we go somewhere new and we’re not exactly sure what to do we usually observe everyone’s behaviors and do the same. There is a four-step pattern that Bandura formulated first is attention, when the person notices something in its environment. Secondly, retention is the person remembering what they noticed. Third, reproduction the person attempts to produce and action that is similar to what they noticed. Fourth, motivation is what happens after the person produces their imitation if they are encouraged or discouraged by their model is what determinates if they will continue. An example of observational learning would be a baby learning how to speak, they noticed their parents trying to communicate with them so they try and memorize what they heard then the baby attempts to speak it and when they try and see their parents smiling and clapping for them it encourages them to
The first thing to look at is what human aggression is. It is defined as any behavior toward another individual that is carried out with the proximate (immediate) intent to cause harm (Anderson & Bushman 2002). Not to get confused with violence, all violent acts have aggression but not all aggressive acts are violent. For example kids often aggressive behavior towards each other but without the intent to hurt them. So now it’s time to look at the different types of aggression. Affective aggression (also labeled 'hostile' or 'emotional' is usually conceived as impulsive, thoughtless (that is, unplanned), driven by anger, having the ultimate motive of harming the target, and occurring in reaction to some perceived provocation. Instrumental aggression, in contrast, is usually conceived as a premeditated means of obtaining some goal other than harming the victim, being proactive rather than reactive, and resulting from cold calculation rather than hot affect. Impulsive aggression is usually conceived as thoughtless (automatic, fast, and without consider...
Internally caused behaviors are those that are believed to be under the personal control of the individual. Externally caused behavior is seen as resulting from outside causes; that is, the person is seen as having been forced into the behavior by the situation.
The key issues and controversies in psychology are Free Will vs Determinism, Free Will is the idea that behaviour is primarily caused by choices that are made by an individual and Determinism is the idea that people’s behaviour are produced primarily by factors outside their control. Nature vs Nurture, Nature is about people’s behaviour due to their genetically determined nature and how much is due to nurture, the influence and social environment a child is raised. A third questions addressed from a psychologist is Conscious vs Unconscious Cause of Behaviour, it is about how much of our behaviour is produced by forces of which we are aware of and how much is due to unconscious activity such as mental processes that are not accessible to the conscious awareness. An additional key issues is Observable Behaviour vs Internal Mental Processes, Where do psychologists focus solely on behaviour that can be outside observes or on unseen thinking processes. Some of
Aggressive behavior is exhibited in individuals who present themselves in a very violent or hostile manner. Aggression is commonly linked with frustration and is a behavioral disorder that has various classifications. This factor makes it easy to confuse this disorder with different behavioral problems. There are different types of aggression that have different levels of severity. The website Study.com breaks down aggression into a few subcategories. The first subcategory is referred to as proactive aggressive behavior. According to Study.com, “proactive aggressive behaviors are calculated and planned actions that have some motive other than harming someone.” This means that proactive aggressive behaviors express feelings such as anger, frustration, superiority, etc in a pre-calculated manner to release built up tension. An individual's emotional needs motivate them to exert proactive aggressive behaviors. For example, bullying is a form of proactive aggression. Bullying allows the antagonist to feel superior to their victim and involves a lot of planning. The antagonist already knows who their target is, why they chose their target, and when they are going to torment them. The main thing to know about proactive aggressive behavior is that the individual who exhibits such behavior has a decent amount of control over their actions.The next sub-category is the complete opposite and is referred to as reactive
Behavior and social learning are two theories that are inherently intertwined. Behavior to some extent is taught for social reasons, and social learning can very much shape and create behaviors. While behavior is something intentionally taught, social learning can teach and reinforce many unintentional behaviors, such as dishonesty or aggression. In order to adequately discuss these two interrelated topics, theory exploration is in order.