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What was the impact of colonization on the native americans
What was the impact of colonization on the native americans
What was the impact of colonization on the native americans
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Since Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean in 1492, Native Americans have suffered at the hands of foreign invaders. Sometimes it was overt oppression (Spain would force Natives to “submit to spanish authority”) while other times, it was more subtle, such as when their children went to boarding schools for “better education” (Hurtado et. al. 63, ). Whatever the method, Native Peoples would continue to experience hardship even into the present day. 1492-1500s Native Americans were often regarded with the same critical eye with which livestock might be appraised and as peoples to be subjugated. Columbus would describe the Caribs as “very well built, with very handsome bodies and good faces[,]...hair...coarse almost like the hairs on …show more content…
Although the French and Indian War was largely a Anglo-French dispute, Native Peoples were forced to take sides (167). However, Delaware Indians argued that “the land [was theirs], and not [the French’s]; therefore,...[they would] send the French home” (169). Additionally, they charged the French with starting the war and pointed out that they had superior war practices: “when we take any prisoner from you, we treat them as our own children...and...we clothe them…, though...our children are as naked as at the first. By this you may see that our hearts are better than yours” (169). Towards the end of eighteenth century, the United States would issue the first of several legal documents concerning the Native Americans (246). The Northwest Ordinance, Article III, asserted that “the utmost good faith shall always be observed toward the Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and, in their property, rights, and liberty, they never shall be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress; but laws founded in justice and humanity shall, from time to time, be made, for preventing wrongs being done to them and for preserving peace and friendship with them”
...h and the French and Indians, but shows some of the ironic nature of this conflict: that due to kidnapping and tribal adoption, some Abenaki Indians were likely to have almost as many English ancestors as the frontiersmen they opposed. The English frontiersmen could be as "savage" as the Indians. Brumwell does very well dispelling the clichés and stereotypes that many have become accustomed to. He uses records of the Abenaki Indian oral tradition to give a voice to both sides. It is a great book from start to finish. This is a true history buffs companion and a great addition to any library. The book is as complex in its knowledge as it is simplistic and detailed in its imagery. As a result, this book can be read by both specialists and general readers alike and can be pared with almost any text giving light to the French and Indian War or the aftermath thereof.
The article, “Native Reactions to the invasion of America”, is written by a well-known historian, James Axtell to inform the readers about the tragedy that took place in the Native American history. All through the article, Axtell summarizes the life of the Native Americans after Columbus acquainted America to the world. Axtell launches his essay by pointing out how Christopher Columbus’s image changed in the eyes of the public over the past century. In 1892, Columbus’s work and admirations overshadowed the tears and sorrows of the Native Americans. However, in 1992, Columbus’s undeserved limelight shifted to the Native Americans when the society rediscovered the history’s unheard voices and became much more evident about the horrific tragedy of the Natives Indians.
Axtell, James. “Native Reactions to the Invasion of North America.” Beyond 1492: Encounters in Colonial North America. New York: Oxford UP, 1992. 97-121. Print.
The “Utmost Good Faith” clause from the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 however, stated, “The utmost good faith shall always be observed toward the Indians; their land and property shall not be taken from them without their consent; and in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed.” (Document 9). However, a letter from three Seneca Indian leaders to George Washington, President of the United States, argued, “When your army entered the country of Six (Iroquois) Nations, we called you the town destroyer; to this day, when your name is heard, our women look behind them and turn pale, and our children cling to the necks of their mothers…” (Document 10). This, in fact, proves the American Revolution was not revolutionary because the Indians were promised the “Utmost Good Faith” and that their land and property would never be invaded or disturbed, but their towns were left completely devastated and halted society from changing into a better
The removal of Indian tribes was one of the tragic times in America’s history. Native Americans endured hard times when immigrants came to the New World. Their land was stolen, people were treated poorly, tricked, harassed, bullied, and much more. The mistreatment was caused mostly by the white settlers, who wanted the Indians land. The Indians removal was pushed to benefit the settlers, which in turn, caused the Indians to be treated as less than a person and pushed off of their lands. MOREEE
Native Americans have suffered from one of America’s most profound ironies. The American Indians that held the lands of the Western Hemisphere for thousands of years have fallen victim to some of the worst environmental pollution. The degradation of their surrounding lands has either pushed them out of their homes, made their people sick, or more susceptible to disease. If toxic waste is being strategically placed near homes of Native Americans and other minority groups, then the government industry and military are committing a direct offense against environmental justice. Productions of capitalism and militarism are deteriorating the lands of American Indians and this ultimately is environmental racism.
“Our nation was born in genocide when it embraced the doctrine that the original American, the Indian, was an inferior race.”
From the beginning of the United States’ government, Indian tribes were given rights to be treated as nations, and their rights be respected according to the Constitution. For instance, Henry Knox, Secretary of War in 1789, wrote to President George Washington that, “The Indians being the prior occupants, possess the right of the soil. It cannot be taken from them unless by their free consent, or by the right of conquest in case of a just war” (Document B). By this, the US government confirmed the authority of Indians on American land as they are the “prior occupants”, and their land should never be taken unless they agree or they lose in a war. Although the US government sounds just and fair in attitude, for years, Indians were intentionally tricked into treaties that ceded huge amount of territory to the whites.
Some of the leaders had grown to think kindly of the North American Indians. While Thomas Jefferson held the position of Minister to France, he wrote a letter, to Chastellux, stating that he believed “the Indian then to be in body and mind equal to the whiteman”. The leaders knew that expansion toward the west was inevitable and that compromising and promises would need be made in regards to the Indians. In 1788 the United States Congress even tried to protect Indian lands by proclaiming that the “unwarrantable intrusions” of around five hundred families be made to vacate the Indian’s property. President Washington, two years later, asks the Senate to compensate “the amount of dollars annually of dollars in gross be made to the Cherokees for the land they shall relinquish”. The President also points out the importance of keeping to the treaties already signed would result in aiding the relations with other tribes. These favorable intentions were present in the beginning of the westward expansion, but as the years progressed the Indians became less accommodating and the United States became more
From the fifteenth to the seventeenth century, conquistadors and European settlers went on an exploration across the Atlantic Ocean. With dreams of finding enormous riches, these explorers “discovered” many lands, which were already inhabited by the indigenous people. Through the use of their technology, weaponry, and cavalry these trained soldier were able to uses their power for colonization and imperial expansion, which ultimately left the natives economically, politically, and culturally broken.
Prior to the 1830’s, the United States government did not make it’s aspirations of attaining Indian lands, but rather Indians were given rights to be treated as nations, and protected their rights according to the Constitution. According to the letter to President George Washington from Henry Knox, “The Indians being the prior occupants, possess the right of the soil. It cannot be taken from them unless by their free consent, or by the right of conquest in case of a just war” (Doc B). To add on, the United States believed that “intrusions upon the lands of the friendly Indian tribes, is not only a violation of law, but in direct opposition to the policy for the government towards its savage neighbor” (Doc G) was considerate of the Indians’ territories. Therefore, this indicates that the government of the United States did not want to take any risk and was rather cautious against having the desire to obtain the Natives’ land.
In Thomas King’s novel, The Inconvenient Indian, the story of North America’s history is discussed from his original viewpoint and perspective. In his first chapter, “Forgetting Columbus,” he voices his opinion about how he feel towards the way white people have told America’s history and portraying it as an adventurous tale of triumph, strength and freedom. King hunts down the evidence needed to reveal more facts on the controversial relationship between the whites and natives and how it has affected the culture of Americans. Mainly untangling the confusion between the idea of Native Americans being savages and whites constantly reigning in glory. He exposes the truth about how Native Americans were treated and how their actual stories were
Many people today know the story of the Indians that were native to this land, before “white men” came to live on this continent. Few people may know that white men pushed them to the west while many immigrants took over the east and moved westward. White men made “reservations” that were basically land that Indians were promised they could live on and run. What many Americans don’t know is what the Indians struggled though and continue to struggle through on the reservations.
All men are created equal (Declaration of Independence). Yet, the Native Americans continue their fight for decades since colonization. There is a constant struggle to urge for equality from William Apess in his 1833 essay, An Indian’s Looking-Glass for the White Man. In modern day, the fight continues after his lifetime. Equality and freedom is the goal for most Native Americans. Although securing the rights of the Native Americans are progressing, it is slow. Therefore, the inequality continues at a faster pace, as opposed to major changes that would impact the Native Americans positively. Throughout history, they are exploited for their land and natural resources and severely underfunded. As a matter of fact, the common theme seems to be that the Native Americans are continuously suppressed by the “superior race”, which showcases the prevalent thoughts in America. William Apess and
Following the War of 1812, the Indians were once again not treated well. In the Johnson v. McIntosh case in 1823, the ruling claimed that the government could take Indian lands away, not the people. In the Worcester v. Georgia case, the ruling claimed that the government could allow their people access to the Indian lands, not the states. This is like saying that your friends can’t tell you what to do, but your mother can. Although the Indians were given the tiniest amount of respect, they were not given the respect they