The first article that I reviewed is an empirical study about the motor functioning and developmental age of children with Cerebral Palsy. All together 107 children were studied, with a median age of 2 ½ years to 6 ½ years. The idea of this study was to see if there was a significant difference between the children’s calendar age and their developmental age, the children were tested using the Denver II test, which tests the language and motor skills of children. CP (cerebral palsy) is the most common disability affecting children nearly 2 out of every 1000 ( clinical ) births have been diagnosed with CP. It is a disorder that affects the motor function of children and sometimes the developmental or cognitive functioning of a child, meaning language or sensory functions due to some more extreme cases where children have lesions in some portions of their brain.
The Psychologists Reason for using the Denver II over any other developmental test was because the test also allows for personal, social and language development testing. They found that there was a significant difference between the children’s developmental age and their calendar age, and that of the cognitive and behavioral skills of children with CP (with hindered language development) were lower than children who had normal language development. Also the language development in children had no influence on motor skill in the children studied. So, basically the results showed that the CP was not the only thing effecting the child’s motor functions, some of the children being tested also had other disorders accompanying the CP that caused some of the motor and learning delay. The developmental age was much lower than the calendar age in the children, and the Denv...
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...lities are roughly the same. Children with CP have a harder time making and keeping friends is a problem, because they physically look different and children can be very superficial, which can lead to bullying. However in a newer study in a mainstream school where physical deformities didn’t matter, it was the disruptiveness, lower IQ, and hyperactivity that caused the bullying and lack of friendships. Friendship may have a correlation with not only peer-relations but it may benefit cognitive function as well, if children with CP have friends and participate in social learning in the classroom, the children learn from imitating their classmates. But if a child, at an early age, is rejected by his/her classmates it may cause cognitive development to slow down. With rejection, school seems less enjoyable resulting inn avoidance and lower grades overall.
182). Social rejection leads to social isolation and even social ostracism. The deficit in behavioral inhibition lead ADHD students to make choices impulsively and to overreact emotionally (Hallahan et al., 2012, p. 182).
The professional text that someone in my field would use is the ASQ-3. The ASQ-3 Ages & Stages Questionnaires is designed to screen children’s developmental performance that must be completed by the parents. It is a series of 21 questions with questions ranging in the areas from communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social skills specifically for 36 month to 38 month old toddlers. For the communication section, an example of a question asks is “When you ask your child to point to her ears, feet, hair, eyes, and nose, does she correctly point to at least seven body parts?”. In the gross motor section, a question ask “Does your child jump with both feet leaving the floor at the same time?”. A fine motor question that was asked was, “When drawing, does your child hold a pencil between her thumb and fingers like an adult does?”. The parent filling the questionnaire would bubble either yes, sometimes or not yet. There are 6 questions in each are
Sankar, C; Mandkur, N. (2005). Cerebral Palsy-Definition, Classification, Etiology and Early Diagnosis. Symposium on Developmental and Behavioural Disorders. 72 (10), 865-868.
The Denver Developmental Screening Tool (DDST) is a set of tests that are administered to a young child to assess the child’s development. There are four different categories including; personal-social, fine motor-adaptive, language, and gross motor. Although the DDST is not meant to predict delays that could happen in the future, it is useful to identify current delays that the child may be facing. Helping parents and health care workers to obtain the means of referrals to specialists for more complex testing.
Dr. William Little wrote the first medical description of the disorder in the 1860’s. He thought most cases of CP were caused by complications at birth resulting in lack of oxygen to the brain. Cerebral Palsy was called Little's disease for many years. CP refers to neurological disorders that appear in early childhood and affect movement and coordination (“Cerebral Palsy: Hope”). Although CP is caused by damage to the motor areas of the brain and affects body movement and muscle coordination, it is not caused by problems in the muscles o...
...y Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Early Childhood, 2000. 15 May 2011. Web.
Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for children with disabilities in a Least Restrictive Environment to not have their needs met adequately. Some parents think that teachers do not have the proper skills to help their child with disabilities flourish in the classroom. Two concerns/challenges are that typical developing students will imitate inappropriate behaviors made by students with disabilities and students with disabilities could potentially get teased about their disabilities and inappropriate behaviors. As said by Virginia Buysse and Donal B. Baily, Jr. (1993) “… the opportunities for young children with disabilities to interact with peers in integrated settings must be carefully
Visser, J. (2003). Developmental coordination disorder: a review of research on subtypes and comorbidities. Human Movement Science, 22, 479-493. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2003.09.005
Disability can affect development in a variety of ways. It is important that every pupil feels valued and included. Diversity should be welcomed. Children should not be stereotyped because of
This would obviously affect children or teens with disabilities, despite the fact that schools are supposed to be a safe place for young students. Part of a teacher’s job is to help any student when they need it, especially considering they see the student approximately seven hours a day, five days a week. Despite this, “A quarter of young disabled people report feeling discriminated against in school...34% felt they did not get the help and support they needed from teachers and other staff” (Curtis). Students with disabilities do have certain differences from other students and in turn may be more difficult to deal with but, “More than a third (38%) said they had been bullied because of their disabilities, with one in 20 saying their bullies had been teachers” (Curtis). Bullies have to find something different about a person to have a reason to discriminate against them, and people with disabilities have that different quality. The bully may use this disability against the person because stigmas in our society have taught them it’s okay to discriminate against the disabled. Some people don’t experience this bullying, but they still may not get equal or appropriate treatment. Nathan Liu again spoke about his time in school saying, “My teachers acted super antsy around me…[they] didn’t know how to act around me...disabled kids were the ones who got hidden away in ‘special’ classrooms. They
A newborn child’s physical and motor development is an evident progression throughout their first years and later in life. A child’s motor development is more of a slower progress, from going to gross motor skills to more fine motor skills in a few months while physical development is an apparent process. The environment affects children in their physical and motor growth, as they learn and adapt to new stimuli everyday as they develop. Separately, these developments start at different times, but function hand in hand as a child grows. Physical development is apparent at conception, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence; while motor development
Serious illnesses change lives forever. I was given the challenge of cerebral palsy to overcome throughout my life. Cerebral palsy is a permanent illness which affects the brain and causes it to be "immature". I was born with it so I never was given the opportunity to avoid it. I feel different about the situation on a daily basis. One day I wake up happy, thanking God that even though I have to live through a constant battle, I'm still lucky to be alive. Others I wake up angry, angry at the fact that my friends and family get to live normal lives where as I didn't even have the choice of living a normal life. But what is normal exactly? The way I see it is that no one really is normal. We all have our constant battles to put up with throughout our lives. Whether we have a labeled illness, or it's something that challenges you mentally such as divorce or your faith, we all have our own little battles. The key, though, to overcoming these battles is to accept them and take charge of them rather than letting them take charge of you. Living with Cerebral Palsy, I've come t...
From preschool into early elementary school, children have begun to develop their gross motor skills. They have developed a “mature pattern of walking” and are ready to test their physical abilities to the limits. Also fine motor skills have begun to develop, however more slowly. Along with motor skills children are developing their visual, tactile, and kinesthetic senses. A child’s sensory skills are helpful in learning language.
Influence plays a major role in their overall development. Promoting social and emotional skills and intervening in cases of difficulty very early in life will be effective for promoting positive experiences among children. Peers play important roles in children’s lives at much earlier points in development. Experiences in the beginning of life have implications for children’s acceptance by their classmates in nursery school and the later school years. When I was in the fourth grade a really wanted to be accepted by people around me. I would switch my friends a lot looking for people’s approval. For example, if I was friends with a girl on Tuesday but I heard someone say she was weird I would abandon the friendship in order to gain peer approval. Early friendships and positive relations with peer groups appear to protect children against later psychological
This study primarily focused on examining the role of caregivers in language development within both children with prenatal or perinatal brain injury (BI) and typically developing children (TD). Previous research has shown that lesion characteristic played an important role on the adaptability of linguistic development in children with BI. However like TD children, children with BI tend to have easy compliance towards language development.