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Essay ethical issues with medical tourism
Essay ethical issues with medical tourism
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Ethical Theory and Principles An aspect of medical tourism discussed in this paper demonstrates rights theory, which “a right gives its holder a justified claim to something and a justified claim against another party,” by focusing on patients’ rightful decisions to seek medical tourism for treatments that are necessary to improve their health (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013, p. 368). It is unfortunate that patients are unable to receive treatments in their home countries, not because of the unavailability of the treatments, but simply due to their financial issues. However, other stakeholders such as health insurance companies and hospitals also have their policies and regulations that they abide by, which regulate and determine the costs of …show more content…
Moreover, the host countries that patients visit may practice medical care with paternalism, which may hinder transparent communication between the patients and the health care providers (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013, p. 217). This can create barriers between the patients and the health care providers, and patients may experience uncertainty or dissatisfaction in their treatments. Therefore, it is important to create awareness of the ethical and cultural concerns of medical tourism, so patients who are interested in traveling abroad can be prepared to be socially responsible (Adams, Snyder, Crooks, & Johnston, 2013, p. …show more content…
3). Patients may be attracted to treatments abroad due to low cost and may overlook quality of care the facilities offer and also the risks of the treatment that might outweigh the benefits. Patients may not have received complete information about the health care system of the host countries due to miscommunication caused by language or cultural barriers (Adam et al., 2013, p.3). Patients’ decision to travel abroad to developing countries for medical care can create increased risk of transmission of infectious diseases (Leggat, 2015, p. 17). The patients can carry infectious diseases to home and impact other people in their communities, which may generate new health care cost for people in the communities, as well as for the
Transplant tourism, as defined by Yosuke Shimazono, is “the practice of travelling abroad to obtain organs through commercial transactions” (955). This new phenomenon has emerged as a global answer to the current organ shortage across the world. Currently, 4,500 people in Canada are waiting for a donor to remedy end-stage organ failure, and only an average of 2,000 will receive and organ this year (Government of Canada). In 2012 alone, 256 Canadian men and women died while on waiting lists for donations, meaning the emergence of practices such as transplant tourism has come as no surprise. Of course, the organ trade market has been hard to expose due to a lack of documentation, but certainly
These differences in origin accounts for diversity in socio-cultural backgrounds and nurses must develop the knowledge and the skills to engage patients from different cultures and to understand the beliefs and the values of those cultures (Jarvis, 2012). If healthcare professionals focus only on a narrowly defined biomedical approach to the treatment of disease, they will often misunderstand their patients, miss valuable diagnostic cues, and experience higher rates of patient noncompliance with therapies. Thus, it is important for a nurse to know what sociocultural background a patient is coming from in order to deliver safe an effective
Wilson , James G. S., “Rights”, Principles of Health Care Ethics, Second Edition, eds. R.E. Ashcroft, A. Dawson, H. Draper and J.R. McMillan. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2007. pp. 239.
Providers must act in the best interest of the patient and their basic obligation is to do no harm and work for the public’s wellbeing. A physician shall always keep in mind the obligation of preserving human life. Providers must communicate full, accurate and unbiased information so patients can make informed decisions about their health care. As a result of their recommendations, providers are responsible for generating costs in health care but do not generate the need for those expenses. Every hospital has both an ethical as well as a legal responsibility to provide care, even if the care may be uncompensated.
Applying a suitable model of health to each individual situation will provide the best outcome. This was evident in the case study discussed in the essay. Rodney’s experiences within the medical world ended with a positive and desirable result, but if the appropriate transcultural care was not given, that positive result would have created a negative outcome, which could have been detrimental to Rodney’s future health. This shows the significance that health care workers can have on patient care.
Kinney, Eleanor D. "Realization of the International Human Right to Health in an Economically Integrated North America." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37.4 (2009): 807-818. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 15 Mar. 2011.
Culture defines how people relate with their colleagues and the people outside their world (OECD, 2003). Culture has a central role when it comes to the way humans behave. In this case, the doctors must learn how the culture of the society inclines to a particular issue of interest to them (Phipps, 2003). Having learned that, they would be in a better position to handle the patient with professionalism and simultaneously involve them to drive out most of the medical information they may need. Another way is having a physician for a particular patient whom the patient can share the problem with after they have established a good rapport. In creating a serene environment for them to dispel fears that they may have, and by create an interactive atmosphere (OECD, 2003). Patients will engage the physician in talks that will be useful in disclosing the information needed for the diagnosis.
When doing any studies with human subjects, “the safest and most reasonable position is that people everywhere are likely to respond similarly to the same treatment” (300). With third world countries, Angell states there are dissimilarities between population, but that cannot be anticipated. The local of standard care should not be different, the best treatment and care should always be given regardless of where the study takes place and who the subjects are. As clinical trial studies are becoming more popular, researchers need to understand the same protection goes to the people rather they are aboard or at home. Studies done in third world countries are unethical because they cannot afford the same effective treatment.
Culture influences ethics as much as changing times do, Parrot points out. In Canada, the United Kingdom, and many other countries with nationalized health insurance, the foremost medical ethic is justice, or equal access to health care. In the United States, where there is no standardized universal health care, equal access is one of the least important ethical principles considered; instead, autonomy is paramount. In most situations, patients have the final word on whether a medical procedure is performed on them or not. The reverse is true, as well — patients can seek out a particular medical treatment and demand it, even if a doctor does not recommend it. If one doctor will not perform the procedure, the implication is that the patient can, and will, shop around until he or she finds a doctor who will.
There are currently 40 emerging infectious diseases, that are at risk of spreading from country to country, due to the increase of people traveling. Diseases like Ebola and the Zika virus pose a global threat due to the possible rapid rate of transmission from human-to-human, that occurs with exposure to someone who is symptomatic and seropositive (World Health Organization, 2016-a). When there is an infectious disease breakout, public health practitioners and physicians, must make quick decisions regarding isolation of a patient exhibiting symptoms and using quarantine for those who have been exposed to someone symptomatic or seropositive. Although, a public health framework is followed to make the decisions for isolation and
Cultural blindness can lead to misconceptions and the inability to treat patients efficiently. Culture, religion, beliefs, values, social economic standings, education, mentality, morals, and treatment are all different from person to person, community, and groups. These barriers can be overcome by treating each patient as a unique individual and seeking to learn about cultural beliefs and differences, without reservations or pre-judgments but with an open and willing mind. These inhibiting barriers can be crossed through acceptance and commonality can be established. Through Patient-centered communication and attentiveness to the patients’ interpretation, discussion of lifestyle and treatment choices in an open and non-judgmental manner, and understanding of patient views, concerns and information needs can lead to cultural sensitivity and appreciation (Dean, R,
The most common areas of clinical practice where truth-telling and deception become an ethical dilemma are critical care, cancer and palliative care, mental health and general nursing practice (Tuckett, 2004). Other areas where it can raise potential ethical concerns are in placebo therapy, disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus and informed consent (Tuckett, 2004). Truth-telling is also an act of exchanging moral agents (patients, relatives, nurses) with their sets of values and norms, which in turn are derived from culture, personal and religious beliefs, and traditions (Dossa, 2010). For this reason, the issue of truth-telling is not only approached differently in the various clinical settings but also in different countries, cultures and religions (Kazdaglis et al., 2010). For example, in the United States of America (USA), England, Canada and Finland, the majority of patients are told of their diagnosis (Kazdaglis et al., 2010). Conversely, in Japan, family members play a major role in the decision of ...
An individual’s culture and belief may significantly impact the type of services they require. In addition, it may affect the time, place, and method in the delivery of health care
As we have clearly seen, medicine for profit is not solving the problems of the healthcare system and many people are going bankrupt, dying, and choosing suicide over costly bills. Maybe we should learn from all of these situations and numbers and see that, like the UK did, we should be looking at ways to expand our basic human rights to include healthcare. The question at hand was is healthcare a right or a privilege, reviewing all facts, and data given you will see that Health Care in the United States is a privilege. It seems very vile to have resources, and services to deny a person who has a curable illness or disease, because they don’t have proper health care. However, this is the society we live in where liberty and justice for all comes before healthcare for all.
The practice of medicine in the 1960s saw a change in the doctor-patient relationship that ultimately cultivated the patients’ rights movement. Individuals sought to become proactive in the healthcare and the healing process of their bodies. Because the medical practice was evolving rapidly in technology and specialized care, patients’ healthcare and rights became a major concern that needed to be addressed. In 1973 the American Hospital Association published a patients’ bill of rights that provided the patient with most advantageous healthcare available. This bill of rights required all accredited hospitals to accept this standard moving forward (Patients' Rights, 2004).