Object Oriented Programming - OOP
Overview of Object Oriented Programming Object Oriented Programming is type of programming in which programmers define not only the data type of a data structure, but also the types of operations that can be applied to the data structure. The data structure becomes an object that includes both data and functions. In addition, programmers can create relationships between one object and another.
Object-Oriented programming (OOP) entered the software development; it shows how software was developed. Developers could visualize systems as groups of entities and the interaction between those entities, which allowed them to tackle larger, more complicated systems and develop them in less time than ever before. The only problem with OO programming is that it is essentially
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• Inheritance - Ability to create one object from another.
• Polymorphism - The design of new classes is based on a single class.
• Message Passing - It is the way objects communicate with each other.
• Garbage Collection - Automatic memory management that destroys objects that are no longer in use by the program.
Encapsulation Encapsulation is the packing of data and functions into a single component. The features of encapsulation are supported using classes in most object-oriented programming languages. It allows selective hiding of properties and methods in an object by building an impenetrable wall to protect the code from accidental corruption.
Inheritance Inheritance is an object or class is based on another object or class, using the same implementation specifying implementation to maintain the same behavior. It is a mechanism for code reuse and to allow independent extensions of the original software via public classes and interfaces. The relationships of objects or classes through inheritance give rise to a hierarchy.
Encryption is a strategy for changing data on a computer in a manner that it gets to be distinctly incomprehensible regardless of the possibility that somebody can access a PC with individual information on it.
What is encryption? Encryption is a technological technique that protects and secures the transfer of plain text information between two sources through the use of the internet. This is done by rearranging the text using a mathematical algorithm that renovates the message into an indecipherable form, which can only be unlocked and translated with a use of a key. The strength of the encryption key is measured by its length, which is determined by the number of bits and by the type of encryption program.
A framework is a set of classes that supports reuse at larger granularity. It defines an object-oriented abstract design for a particular kind of application which enables not only source code reuse, but also design reuse [Johnson & Foote, 1988]. The framework abstract structure can be filled with classes from its own library or application-specific ones, providing flexibility for the developer to adapt its behavior to each application. Besides flexibility, a good framework also increases the team productivity and makes application maintenance easier [Fayad et al. 1999].
People who want to have a successful organization in business world; first they should be able to define OB which helps the organizations to be more effectively. “Organizational behavior is a study and an application of knowledge about how people, individuals and groups act in organizations” (Clark, 2000). Frankly, OB can help to indentify people behavior and to have a work relationship among the worker. Moreover, it can affect an organization to enhance its profitability and innovation by showing organization resources which can depends on customers. As well, it helps to achieve a job satisfaction by understanding the importance elements of motivation, communication and leadership.
An analysis class can be classified into one of the three stereotypes, which are entity, boundary or control. An entity class is a class that the primary focus is to hold the data. Meanwhile, the boundary class is a class that the objects are used by the actors to communicate with the system. On the other hand, a control class is a class which provides coordinating behavior in the system. (Joey F. George, 2004)
As a result of these problems, to achieve high levels of reuse in OOP, one is often forced to write very small classes, which leads to an explosion in the number of classes in a system. (Krubner 2014, 41) The irony of all of this is that programmers reuse code without OOP—often by simply copying and pasting. There 's no need to superimpose some elaborate structure of interacting, instantiated objects, with all the messaging and fragility that it introduces into a program. (Mansfield 2005, 1)
Decomposition is one of the cornerstones when it comes to computer science. Decomposition is breaking down a problem or system into smaller, more manageable parts that can be solved or fixed separately. An example of this would be a software company having a team that work on the same project all together but working on different parts at the same time to get it completed in a much faster rate. Problems are much easier to understand once they are split apart e.g. if you wanted to know how a car works it would take a much longer time if it was all built, however, if the car was split into different parts you would understand how it works quicker and most importantly easier.
Data encryption refers to the transformation of data into a structure that makes it unreadable by anyone without a secret decryption key. It ensures that messages can be read only by the planned recipient. Encryption is the procedure of obscuring information to create it unreadable without special information. Only organizations and individuals with an abnormal need for secrecy have actually made good use of it. Nowadays, encryption is one of the most important technologies for maintaining your privacy and the security of important information. This helps out greatly especially when E-Commerce is being used.
Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer's machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders, linkers, and loaders—finish the translation.
Many different types of programming languages are used to write programs for computers. The languages are called "codes". Some of the languages include C++, Visual Basic, Java, XML, Perl, HTML, and COBOL. Each of the languages differs from each other, and each is used for specific program jobs. HTML and JAVA are languages used to build web pages for the Internet. Perl and XML can produce codes that block students from getting on certain inappropriate web pages on their school server. One of the most prominent programming languages of the day would have to be C++.
Through diploma years I learnt, fundamentals of object oriented programming, web page designing, relational databases and understand the scope of information processing. I worked on a chat server project in which we developed a communication tool for isolated networks where existing web communication technologies, such as Jabber, MSN Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, etc, would not be feasible. We used the incremental model. Initially the project was developed in C#, later, to understand the implementation differences between Java and C#, we developed the project in Java. This project widened my understanding in programming languages, as well as strengthened my object oriented concepts. We studied the Client-Server interaction using sockets, Swing, Messag...
obect orientated programming has many advantages, one of these is the fact that the objects created : Jeffrey L. Popyack (2012) "can easily be reused in other programs." The Saylor Foundation also states that object orientated programming allows “Improved software-development productivity" and "Improved software maintainability” through the modular structure of the development.
Computer programming can as well be defined as a process that leads from an original formulation of a computer problem to execute problems. Computer programming is also referred to as programming. It encompasses other activities such as understanding, analysis and generally solving problems that result in algorithm, verifying the algorithm requirements and coding algorithm in a target program language. The program also involves the implementation of the build system and managing derived artifacts like computer programs machine codes. Most often, the algorithm is represented in human-parseable languages such as Java, Python, Smalltalk among others.
... things that software engineers need to learn, if you do not learn these things you will be at a disadvantage and be limited to what you are capable of. The rapid growth will open new jobs for the upcoming generations of software engineering. Software engineering is a hard but rewarding career, but in the end it helps others accomplish things that would not be possible 50 years ago.
Software engineering was suggested at a NATO conference in 1968 to talk about the software crisis. “Software crisis” was the name give to problems encountered in the development of large and complex systems . In the early 1970s, notions of structured programming started coming up. In the late 1970s, early