Two Observations (Buffy Coat Layer and Wright Stain Slide):
The buffy coat layer is the layer where the lymphocytes are located after being added with Ficoll-Paque and centrifuged. It was light colored, milk-y looking, and not very thick. It was tricky to separate that layer from the rest of the blood components using a pipette because it was such a small layer.
The Wright stained lymphocytes were dark pink and pale pink in color. The size of the cells varied, some were quite large, and others were smaller. Some were clumped together in "swirls" and "lines" of cells, while other areas of the slide looked like a polka dot pattern.
P-Value:
The results did not support hypothesis that there would be more stained cells than unstained cells. In every individual sample, more than half of the cells counted were unstained, living cells. The P-Value calculated from the data table was 0.128, therefore we fail to reject the null hypothesis. For our own individual data, this is especially true with a % viability of 98.8%.
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The average percentage of T-Cells found in the lymphocytes of human blood is about 7% - 24% (STEMCELL 2017). Three of the seven groups had %T-Cell values within this range.
Despite the whole blood sample that was used for this experiment being delivered many days before being used, the viability of the lymphocytes was still very high for most of the group data. This data could be inaccurate due to the device used to count the cell viability, the hemocytometer, because subjectivity of the individuals counting the cells or misuse of the technology itself (Cell Counting 2018). Possible errors that could have led to a lower percent viability could be not pipetting the leukocytes gently enough, causing them to
Haemolytic colonies were classified by a white ring around the patched colony, indicating that haemolysis of the blood agar occurred. Conversely, non-haemolytic colonies were classified by a lack of a white ring, which indicated that no haemolysis took place.
...cap of the sperm pink and the nucleus red, and a picroindigocarmine dye, which turns the mid piece of the sperm blue and the tail of the sperm green. The stained samples would then be placed under a microscope and hopefully spermatozoa would be present so that DNA testing could be performed.
Skloot gains credibility by describing researchers who took different approaches to culturing cells. A French surgeon at the Rockefeller Institute named Alexis Carrel grew his “immortal chicken heart.” Many researchers believed it was not possible to have tissues living outside of the body, and Carrel proved them wrong by growing a sliver of chicken-heart tissue in culture successfully. Doctor George Gey was the head of tissue culture research at Johns Hopkins Hospital where Henrietta was treated for her cancer. Dr. Gey, along with his wife, had spent years trying to grow cells outside of the human body in search of the cause and cure for cancer. Most cells they tested either died or hardly grew. In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Skloot writes, “The Geys were determined to grow the first immortal human cells: a continuously dividing line of cells all descended from one original sample, cells that would constantly replenish themselves and never die” (30; ch. 3). Little did they know, they were about to grow the first immortal human cells, using cells they removed fro...
Hereditary spherocytosis is a disorder in the membrane of a red blood cell that causes the red blood cell to be shaped like spheres, instead of flat discs (Wint Carmella). When red blood cells start out they are shaped like flat discs. Over time when passing through the spleen pieces of the membrane are removed, causing the red blood cells to become round in shape, hence the term Spherocytosis (Seattle Childrens). When red blood cells enter the spleen the cells undergo hemolysis. Hemolysis in hereditary spherocytosis results in the interplay of an intact spleen and an intrinsic membrane protein defect (Medscape). The breakdown of red blood cells is called hemolytic anemia (Wint Carmella). A normal red blood cell can live up to one hundred and twenty days. A red blood cell with the membrane defect might live ten to thirty days. When the child d...
Each part of the immune system plays a certain role in keeping pathogens out of the body. Bone marrow is the soft material found inside bones. It is used to make the lymphocytes needed in the body every day. Located above the heart, the thymus is a gland that helps produce a special kind of lymphocyte.
Research by Hotchkiss, Monneret, & Payen’s (2013) has revealed that sepsis is an immunosuppressive disorder, therefore patients can benefit from immunostimulatory therapies used to treat those who have lowered immune systems. Accordingly, focusing on boosting the immune system has been shown to decrease mortality in patients (Hotchkiss et al. 2013). Hotchkiss et al. (2013) announces that while these statistics are encouraging, the mortality rate is still considered high and further research and techniques are needed in order to continue the downward trend. Hotchkiss et al. (2013) states that it is unclear why some patients survive sepsis and others do not recover. Until the true cause of death in sepsis is understood, the best course of action is prevention, early detection, and immune system support.
I blotted the slide dry with bibulous paper and prepared the microscope so that I could view the smear under the oil immersion lens. After looking through the microscope and taking my sweet time adjusting the knobs and oculars so I could see the cells clearly, I determined that the cells resulted in a gram negative stain since they appeared as a pinkish red color, and that the morphology of the cells were rod shaped.... ... middle of paper ... ... Myalgia and headache are common; however, the cardinal manifestation is diarrhea.
As it became my hobby to study quite a few microscopic and gross preparations for hours every day. Working under a fine supervision of my pathology professor Dr. Bekhtereva, made me aware of my ability to identify and follow a specific pattern in a slide. My mentor emphasized how important it is to be able to combine this innate visual ability with rigorous scientific
8. Becker W. M, Hardin J, Kleinsmith L.J an Bertoni G (2010) Becker’s World of the Cell, 8th edition, San Francisco, Pearson Education Inc- Accessed 23/11/2013.
In the 1960s the HeLa cells were everywhere. In the 1960s the scientist wondered since the cells grew so fast and lived on earth so well if they would live in space. They got the idea to send the Hela cells to space. They sent several vials into space by the Discoverer XVII when it went. They discovered that when the HeLa cells went to space they became more powerful and divided faster every time they went to space. Several years later in 1965 they took equal amounts from the HeLa cells and cells from a mouse. The scientists done this to study to see what the genes would do. Harris also took HeLa cells and chicken cells, but they discovered they couldn’t reproduce.
The cells/stain solution was loaded into a Countess™ cell counting chamber slide which was inserted into the Countess™ Automated Cell Counter. If the live cell count was above 1 x 106 cells/mL, then the 1mL of cells, previously taken from the culture flask, was washed 1x with 14mL PBS and centrifuged for 8 minutes at 1200 rpm. The supernatant was aspirated off. The pellet was resuspended in 1mL PBS and then placed on ice. The following reagents were thawed while the cell count was performed: yellow fluorescent chemiluminescent probe (CLP), activator solution and
There are three different types of granular leukocytes. Neutrophil is a phagocyte, produced in the bone marrow that ingests and destroys bacteria extremely fast. Neutrophil has a diameter, which is, about ten to twelve micrometers long. They make up about 60-70 percent of the total number of white blood cells in our body. Eosinphil is a type of white blood cell that secretes poisonous materials in order to kill parasites, allergies and phagocytosis of bacteria, which is when the...
Beckman DXH Hematology analyzers that believe it or not will do the cell count on a
According to KenHub, the blood consists of cells, cell fragment and an aqueous solution(plasma).45% of blood are red blood cells, white blood cell and platelets and the rest are plasma which consists of water, plasma protein and