Justice for All?

America has gone through a terrible past. It has once decided to own people as property and deprive African Americans of their liberties and enslaved them. Since then, the United States has attempted to repair this mistake through reparations. The legal reparations of the United States have unsuccessfully redressed individual and social injustices by failing to alleviate the pain caused to the African American community. The Harm caused by Slavery still continues to be suffered by the community through this day.

African Americans are susceptible to racial discrimination, a reality that ultimately shapes the way of life for African Americans (Hine, et. al., 2012). To many people, the term slavery suggests the enslavement of African people that were transported by the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. But to Karenga, the term slave means much more. Karenga defines the Trans-Atlantic slave trade as the “Holocaust of Enslavement,” which is a much more powerful designation of slavery.

The History of Residential Segregation in the United States and Title VIII. Black Scholar. Volume 27. Nasser, Haya El. USA Today.

Introduction The Association of Black Psychologist (ABP) (2013) defines colorism as skin-color stratification. Colorism is described as “internalized racism” that is perceived to be a way of life for the group that it is accepted by (ABP 2013). Moreover, colorism is classified as a persistent problem within Black American. Colorism in the process of discriminatory privileges given to lighter-skinned individuals of color over their darker- skinned counterparts (Margret Hunter 2007). From a historical standpoint, colorism was a white constructed policy in order to create dissention among their slaves as to maintain order or obedience.

Shared Dreams: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Jewish Community. p. 62 25. Rose, Peter. "Blacks and Jews: The Strained Alliance." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird In the early twentieth century, the United States was undergoing a dramatic social change. Slavery had been abolished decades before, but the southern states were still attempting to restrict social interaction among people of different races. In particular, blacks were subject to special Jim Crow laws which restricted their rights and attempted to keep the race inferior to whites. Even beyond these laws, however, blacks were feeling the pressure of prejudice. In the legal system, blacks were not judged by a group of their peers; rather, they were judged by a group of twelve white men.

Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1999. Adams, Maurianne, Strangers & neighbors: relations between Blacks & Jews in the United States, 2000.American Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010. Kaufman, Jonathon, Broken alliance: the turbulent times between Blacks and Jews in America, 1995 Greenberg, Cheryl. "Black-Jewish Relations in the United States."

5. Dawson, Michael, “A Model of Black Utility and Linked Fate, _Race and Class in African-American Politics,” The Princeton University Press, 1994.

Each act of violence leads to the next. If slavery was not in place, then maybe none of this violence would occur. The issue is that there is a missing piece. Slavery is caused by something less directly violent, but equally as evil: racism. Through Delano, Melville shows how northerners are still racist, having negative stigmas about the role of blacks in society.

Both generations of Jim Crow have been implemented through legal laws or ways that the government which helps to justify the implementation of this unjust treatment of blacks. In chapter one of Alexander, she lays out the foundation of the original Jim Crow. With slavery abolished within the south, whites were beginning to feel that their economic success was going to begin to deteriorate. Without the ability to exploit blacks and keep them as slaves, it was difficult to find individuals to be able to work these horrific jobs. It also damaged the economic status of rich whites because they now were required to pay individuals for the labor that they did.